劉 瑩,董麗芳,牛雪姣,張 超
河北大學(xué)物理科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,河北 保定 071002
介質(zhì)阻擋放電中亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖的光譜研究
劉 瑩,董麗芳*,牛雪姣,張 超
河北大學(xué)物理科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,河北 保定 071002
采用雙水電極介質(zhì)阻擋放電裝置,在空氣和氬氣的混合氣體中,首次研究了由中心亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)組成的亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖。通過觀察斑圖照片,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)暗點(diǎn)位于周圍其他三個(gè)亮點(diǎn)的質(zhì)心處,并且亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的亮度有所不同,這說明亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子體狀態(tài)可能不同。利用發(fā)射光譜法,研究了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子體參量隨氬氣含量的變化趨勢(shì)。首先通過采集氮分子(N2)第二正帶系(C3Πu→B3Πg)發(fā)射譜線,計(jì)算出了亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度; 之后利用氮分子離子391.4nm和氮分子394.1nm兩條發(fā)射譜線的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度之比,得到了此斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子平均能量; 最后通過氬原子696.57nm(2P2→1S5)譜線的展寬,研究了此斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子密度。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn): 在同一氬氣含量下,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度、電子平均能量和電子密度均高于亮點(diǎn)的相應(yīng)等離子體參量; 保持其他實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)不變,隨著氬氣含量從70%變化到95%,亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度和電子密度均是逐漸增大的,而電子平均能量則是逐漸減小的。亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子狀態(tài)的不同,說明二者的放電機(jī)制可能不同。進(jìn)一步采用高速錄像機(jī)對(duì)斑圖進(jìn)行短曝光拍攝,發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)存在沿面放電,這些沿面放電交匯形成暗點(diǎn)。
介質(zhì)阻擋放電; 分子振動(dòng)溫度; 電子平均能量; 電子密度
介質(zhì)阻擋放電(DBD)是一種非平衡態(tài)交流氣體放電,廣泛應(yīng)用于眾多工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中[1-5]。為了提高工業(yè)生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用效率,需要測(cè)量介質(zhì)阻擋放電中的等離子體參量。等離子體參量的測(cè)量方法種類很多,其中發(fā)射光譜法因其是一種無干擾的測(cè)量方法,而成為等離子體診斷中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種[6,7]。這種方法主要是通過對(duì)譜線線型、譜線寬度和相對(duì)強(qiáng)度之比的分析,來確定等離子體的多個(gè)參量,例如分子振動(dòng)溫度、電子密度等。介質(zhì)阻擋放電的放電形式可分為兩類: 體放電(VD)和沿面放電(SD)。對(duì)于這兩種放電的研究已有很多被報(bào)道[8,9],但對(duì)它們的放電性能的研究較少。由以往的研究可知,體放電和沿面放電的放電機(jī)制不同,因此等離子體狀態(tài)也不同。本工作主要采用發(fā)射光譜法,對(duì)亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度、電子平均能量和電子密度幾個(gè)等離子體參量隨氬氣含量的變化進(jìn)行了研究,進(jìn)一步比較了沿面放電和體放電這兩種放電機(jī)制的不同。其實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不僅對(duì)于研究亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖的形成機(jī)制有重要價(jià)值,也對(duì)沿面放電和體放電在不同領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用有重要意義。
實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置如圖1所示,主要由水電極、高壓電源、光譜儀、數(shù)字示波器組成。水電極由兩個(gè)端面對(duì)稱且裝滿水的圓柱形玻璃管組成,兩側(cè)用石英玻璃封住,各自在一側(cè)用金屬銅環(huán)連接至高壓電源的電極。將水電極平行放置在充滿氬氣和空氣混合物的真空密閉室里,中間放一塊邊長(zhǎng)L為3 cm, 厚度d為2.4 mm的六邊形邊界。用數(shù)碼相機(jī)(Canon Powershot G16)記錄放電照片。利用高壓探頭(Tektronix P6015A)測(cè)量外加電壓,并通過數(shù)字示波器(Tektronix DPO4104B)采集和存儲(chǔ)。通過透鏡放大成像,利用光纖探頭將亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的光分別導(dǎo)入到光譜儀(ACTON SP-2758, CCD: 1 340×400 Pixels, 光柵300, 800, 2 400 G·mm-1, 分辨率0.005 nm),控制計(jì)算機(jī)采集和存儲(chǔ)光譜。用高速錄像機(jī)(pco. dimax 9000000207)拍攝短曝光時(shí)間斑圖照片。
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup
圖2給出了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖的照片。由圖2(a)可看出,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖是在電壓值較高的情況下獲得的,由暗點(diǎn)和亮點(diǎn)組成,斑圖中暗點(diǎn)的位置位于周圍其他三個(gè)亮點(diǎn)的質(zhì)心處。從圖2(b)中可以更清晰地看見亮暗點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu),分別由L和D指出,且亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的亮度相差很大,說明這兩種點(diǎn)的等離子體狀態(tài)可能不同。為了進(jìn)一步研究亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的不同,采用發(fā)射光譜法,測(cè)量了亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子參量。
Fig.2 Discharge images of hexagonal super-lattice pattern with light spot and dim spot
實(shí)驗(yàn)中,中心波長(zhǎng)設(shè)為390 nm, 選擇300 G·mm-1的光柵,采集了氮分子第二正帶系(C3Πu→B3Πg)波長(zhǎng)范圍在360~420nm之間的發(fā)射譜線,如圖3所示。采用第二正帶系的兩組振動(dòng)序帶: (0-2,1-3,2-4)和(0-3,1-4,2-5)[10],對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)算出了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度。
圖4給出了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度隨氬氣含量的變化關(guān)系。由圖中可以看出,在相同氬氣含量條件下,暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度要高于亮點(diǎn)的。保持其他參數(shù)不變,隨著氬氣含量由70%增大至95%,亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度都隨著氬氣含量的增加而增大。亮點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度在2 300~2 600K范圍內(nèi),暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度在2 400~2 900K范圍內(nèi)。
Fig.3 Emission spectra in the range of 360~420 nm
Fig.4 Variation of molecular vibration temperature of two kinds of spots as a function of argon concentration
氮分子離子譜線和氮分子譜線的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度比可反映電子平均能量。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過計(jì)算氮分子離子391.4 nm譜線與氮分子394.1 nm的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度之比,研究了電子平均能量隨氬氣含量的變化,如圖5所示。由圖可知,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中暗點(diǎn)比亮點(diǎn)的電子平均能量要高; 隨著氬氣含量增加,亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子平均能量均逐漸減小。
Fig.5 Variation of the ratio of intensity of the nitrogen molecule ion line and nitrogen molecule line as a function of argon concentration
中心波長(zhǎng)選為696 nm, 選用2400 G·nm-1的光柵,采集了發(fā)射譜線。利用處理后得到的氬原子696.5 nm(2P2→1S5)的譜線展寬[6],研究了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子密度,如圖6所示。由圖可知,暗點(diǎn)的譜線線寬要高于亮點(diǎn)的。改變氬氣含量,研究了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的譜線線寬隨氬氣含量的變化,其結(jié)果圖7所示。粗略來講,譜線的線寬可反映電子密度大小[10]。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子密度隨著氬氣含量的增加而增大。
Fig.6 Profiles of the spectral line 696.5 nm of two kinds of spots
Fig.7 Variation of broadenings of spectral line 696.5 nm of two kinds of spots as a function of argon concentration
以上光譜結(jié)果表明,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子狀態(tài)是不同的。為了進(jìn)一步研究它們放電機(jī)制的不同,采用高速錄像機(jī)對(duì)此斑圖進(jìn)行短曝光拍攝,其結(jié)果如圖8所示。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),亮點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)于體放電,暗點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)沿面放電,亮點(diǎn)周圍的沿面放電交匯形成暗點(diǎn)。
采用雙水電極介質(zhì)阻擋放電裝置,在空氣和氬氣的混合氣體中,首次研究了由中心亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)組成的亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖。采用發(fā)射光譜法,研究了亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的等離子體參量隨氬氣含量的變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn): 在相同氬氣含量下,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度、電子平均能量和電子密度均高于亮點(diǎn)的相應(yīng)等離子體參量; 隨著氬氣含量從70%變化到95%,亮暗點(diǎn)超六邊形斑圖中亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的分子振動(dòng)溫度和電子密度均是逐漸增大的,而亮點(diǎn)和暗點(diǎn)的電子平均能量則是逐漸減小的。采用高速錄像機(jī)對(duì)斑圖進(jìn)行短曝光拍攝,發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)存在沿面放電,亮點(diǎn)的沿面放電交匯形成暗點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究此斑圖的形成有重要意義。
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*Corresponding author
Study on Hexagonal Super-Lattice Pattern with Light Spot and Dim Spot in Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Optical Emission Spectra
LIU Ying, DONG Li-fang*, NIU Xue-jiao,ZHANG Chao
College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
The hexagonal super-lattice pattern composed of the light spot and the dim spot is firstly observed and investigated in the discharge of gas mixture of air and argon by using the dielectric barrier discharge device with double water electrodes. It is found that the dim spot is located at the center of its surrounding three light spots by observing the discharge image. Obviously, the brightness of the light spot and the dim spot are different, which indicates that the plasma states of the light spot and the dim spot may be different. The optical emission spectrum method is used to further study the several plasma parameters of the light spot and the dim spot in different argon content. The emission spectra of the N2second positive band(C3Πu→B3Πg)aremeasured,fromwhichthemoleculevibrationtemperaturesofthelightspotandthedimspotarecalculated.Basedontherelativeintensityratioofthelineat391.4nmandtheN2lineat394.1nm,theaverageelectronenergiesofthelightspotandthedimspotareinvestigated.Thebroadeningofspectralline696.57nm(2P2→1S5) is used to study the electron densities of the light spot and the dim spot. The experiment shows that the molecule vibration temperature, average electron energy and the electron density of the dim spot are higher than those of the light spot in the same argon content. The molecule vibration temperature and electron density of the light spot and dim spot increase with the argon content increasing from 70% to 95%, while average electron energies of the light spot and dim spot decrease gradually. The short-exposure image recorded by a high speed video camera shows that the dim spot results from the surface discharges(SDs). The surface discharge induced by the volume discharge (VD) has the decisive effect on the formation of the dim spot. The experiment above plays an important role in studying the formation mechanism of the hexagonal super-lattice pattern with light spot and dim spot. In addition, the studies exert influences on the application of surface discharge and volume discharge in different fields.
Dielectric barrier discharge; Molecule vibration temperature; Average electron energy; Electron density
Nov. 29, 2014; accepted Apr. 19, 2015)
2014-11-29,
2015-04-19
國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(11375051), 河北省科技廳重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(11967135D)和河北省教育廳重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(ZD2010140)資助
劉 瑩, 女, 1992年生, 河北大學(xué)物理科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院碩士研究生 e-mail: lying0606@163.com *通訊聯(lián)系人 e-mail: donglfhbu@163.com
O461.2; O433.4
A
10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2016)02-0364-04