賀 婷,劉 星,李 瑩,吳俏玉,羅愛靜,袁 洪
?
·論著·
更新的Diamond-Forrester法和Duke臨床評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)可疑冠心病患者的診斷價(jià)值
賀 婷,劉 星,李 瑩,吳俏玉,羅愛靜,袁 洪
410013湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市,中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院
【摘要】目的比較更新的Diamond-Forrester法(UDFM)和Duke臨床評(píng)分(DCS)兩種預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性,并進(jìn)一步分析兩者在不同性別之間準(zhǔn)確性的差異。方法選取2010年1月—2015年5月因胸痛在中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影(CAG)的患者1 311例。分別利用UDFM、DCS估算患者的驗(yàn)前概率(PTP),并分為低(<30%)、中(30%~70%)、高(>70%)PTP組,高PTP組即認(rèn)為患有冠心病。以CAG為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分析UDFM、DCS對(duì)我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者診斷的準(zhǔn)確性,并進(jìn)一步分析兩者在不同性別之間準(zhǔn)確性的差異。結(jié)果CAG結(jié)果顯示,739例(56.37%)患者確診為冠心病。UDFM結(jié)果顯示,294(22.43%)、673(51.33%)、344(26.24%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組;DCS結(jié)果顯示,165(12.59%)、403(30.74%)、743(56.67%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組。兩者PTP分布比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=379.00,P<0.001)。在確診的739例患者中,UDFM將125(16.91%)、372(50.34%)、242(32.75%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組,DCS將64(8.66%)、189(25.58%)、486(65.76%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組,兩者確診患者PTP分布比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=257.00,P<0.001)。以CAG為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),UDFM診斷冠心病的靈敏度為32.8%,特異度為82.2%,正確率為54.3%,受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線下面積為0.64〔95%CI(0.61,0.67)〕;DCS診斷冠心病的靈敏度為65.8%,特異度為55.1%,正確率為61.1%,ROC曲線下面積為0.63〔95%CI(0.60,0.66)〕。兩者ROC曲線下面積比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=0.33,P>0.05)。UDFM對(duì)男性典型胸痛患者、不典型胸痛患者、非心絞痛型胸痛患者計(jì)算的PTP與實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率較接近,而對(duì)女性患者,除50~59歲典型心絞痛患者存在高估現(xiàn)象外,余均存在低估現(xiàn)象;DCS對(duì)男性患者存在高估現(xiàn)象,對(duì)女性患者,除典型心絞痛患者存在高估現(xiàn)象外,余均存在低估現(xiàn)象。結(jié)論UDFM、DCS對(duì)于我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者的評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性不高,且存在性別差異。與歐美國(guó)家明顯不同的是兩者均對(duì)女性存在低估現(xiàn)象。因此,對(duì)我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者進(jìn)行PTP的估算需要依據(jù)不同性別建立更為準(zhǔn)確的模型。
【關(guān)鍵詞】冠心??;驗(yàn)前概率;冠狀血管造影術(shù);診斷;靈敏度;特異度;更新的Diamond-Forrester法;Duke臨床評(píng)分
賀婷,劉星,李瑩,等.更新的Diamond-Forrester法和Duke臨床評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)可疑冠心病患者的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2016,19(20):2440-2444.[www.chinagp.net]
HE T,LIU X,LI Y,et al.Diagnostic value of updated Diamond-Forrester method and Duck clinical score prediction model in patients with suspected coronary artery disease[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(20):2440-2444.
冠狀動(dòng)脈造影(coronary arteriography,CAG)作為診斷冠心病的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),已在臨床得到廣泛應(yīng)用,但其在減少冠心病患者漏診率的同時(shí)也帶來過度醫(yī)療的問題。在一項(xiàng)包括近40萬例既往無冠心病病史的患者研究中顯示,CAG陽(yáng)性率僅為37.6%[1],而且作為一項(xiàng)有創(chuàng)檢查,其昂貴的費(fèi)用以及術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥也不容忽視。在最近發(fā)布的多個(gè)指南中強(qiáng)調(diào)通過驗(yàn)前概率(pretest probability,PTP)的估算指導(dǎo)行CAG患者的選擇,從而提高CAG診斷陽(yáng)性率[2-4],并把更新的Diamond-Forrester法(updated Diamond-Forrester method,UDFM)[5]、Duke臨床評(píng)分(Duke clinical score,DCS)[6]作為估算PTP的首選模型。但由于這兩個(gè)模型的建立均是以歐美人群的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),而危險(xiǎn)因素的分布差異以及種族差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致模型的有效性受到不同程度的影響[5]。而且,UDFM、DCS主要依據(jù)患者的臨床特征以及部分男女共有危險(xiǎn)因素來估算PTP,并沒有納入女性特有的危險(xiǎn)因素。而以往研究表明,與女性相關(guān)的特有危險(xiǎn)因素可以顯著增加女性患冠心病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[7-8],因此,這兩種模型評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性是否存在性別差異有待進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。本研究的目的是對(duì)UDFM、DCS在歐美以外的人群中進(jìn)行外部驗(yàn)證,評(píng)價(jià)UDFM、DCS在我國(guó)人群中對(duì)可疑冠心病患者評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性,并進(jìn)一步分析兩者在不同性別之間準(zhǔn)確性的差異。
1對(duì)象與方法
1.1研究對(duì)象選取2010年1月—2015年5月因胸痛在湘雅三醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科行CAG的患者1 311例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)既往無冠心病病史;(2)此次因胸痛查因入院,疑診為冠心?。?3)初次行CAG檢查。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)入院診斷為不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛和心肌梗死;(2)既往有陳舊性心肌梗死;(3)有冠狀動(dòng)脈血運(yùn)重建史(包括冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療和冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù))。
1.2研究方法及變量定義UDFM主要納入性別、年齡、胸痛3個(gè)變量,PTPUDFM=1/〔1+e-(-4.37+0.04×年齡+α×性別+β×胸痛)〕,α=1.34(男)或0(女),β=1.91(典型心絞痛)或0.64(不典型心絞痛)或0(非心絞痛型胸痛);DCS納入性別、年齡、胸痛、吸煙史、糖尿病病史、高脂血癥、陳舊性心肌梗死、心電圖改變(包括Q波及ST-T變化)8個(gè)變量,PTPDCS=1/(1+ea)〔注:a=-(-7.376+0.112 6×年齡-α×性別-0.030 1×年齡×性別+β×胸痛+2.596×吸煙+0.694×糖尿病+1.845×高脂血癥+1.093×陳舊性心肌梗死+1.213×Q波+0.637×ST-T變化+0.741×陳舊性心肌梗死×Q波-0.040 4×年齡×吸煙-0.025 1×年齡×高脂血癥+0.550×性別×吸煙)〕 ,>70歲的患者按照70歲(DCS的上限年齡)計(jì)算,α、β賦值同UDFM。通過電子病歷系統(tǒng)收集患者相關(guān)臨床資料,根據(jù)UDFM、DCS計(jì)算每例患者的PTP,并分為低(<30.0%)、中(30.0%~70.0%)、高(>70.0%)PTP組,高PTP組即認(rèn)為患有冠心病,不需要進(jìn)一步檢查。以CAG為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分析UDFM、DCS對(duì)我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者診斷的準(zhǔn)確性。
胸痛特征劃分:典型心絞痛主要有以下3個(gè)特征:(1)由勞累、體力運(yùn)動(dòng)或情緒激動(dòng)誘發(fā);(2)位于胸骨后或心前區(qū);(3)經(jīng)休息或含服硝酸酯類藥物可于數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)緩解。若滿足以上3個(gè)特征中的2項(xiàng),則定義為不典型心絞痛,若僅滿足1項(xiàng)或均不滿足則定義為非心絞痛型胸痛[4,9]?;颊叩男赝刺卣饔蓛擅膬?nèi)科醫(yī)生依據(jù)上述定義從病歷記錄中進(jìn)行人工確認(rèn),若出現(xiàn)不一致時(shí)則共同討論決定。
1.3CAG方法及結(jié)果判斷所有患者行CAG,由心導(dǎo)管室專業(yè)醫(yī)生在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的導(dǎo)管室中完成操作,患者取常規(guī)體位,術(shù)者可以根據(jù)患者的具體情況以及以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)選擇股動(dòng)脈或橈動(dòng)脈路徑,送入導(dǎo)管注入造影劑,行左、右冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,采用裸眼判定方法,由2~3名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的??漆t(yī)生判斷心外膜下冠狀動(dòng)脈病變支數(shù)及狹窄程度。取各體位中病變的最大狹窄程度作為病變的狹窄程度。冠心病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):至少一支主要冠狀動(dòng)脈或其分支內(nèi)徑狹窄≥50%。主要冠狀動(dòng)脈包括左主干、左前降支、左回旋支及右冠狀動(dòng)脈。主要分支包括第一對(duì)角支、第二對(duì)角支、鈍緣支、銳緣支、左室后支、后降支。
2結(jié)果
2.1一般資料1 311例患者中男774例,女537例;年齡30~79歲,平均年齡(61.6±9.9)歲;典型心絞痛670例,不典型心絞痛429例,非心絞痛型胸痛患者212例。男性和女性年齡、糖尿病檢出率、高脂血癥檢出率、吸煙史、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);男性和女性Q波、ST-T變化、估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)、胸痛特征比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2UDFM和DCS預(yù)測(cè)模型準(zhǔn)確性分析根據(jù)CAG結(jié)果,共有739例(56.37%)患者確診為冠心病。UDFM結(jié)果顯示,294(22.43%)、673(51.33%)、344(26.24%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組;DCS結(jié)果顯示,165(12.59%)、403(30.74%)、743(56.67%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組。兩者PTP分布比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=379.00,
P<0.001)。在確診的739例患者中,UDFM將125(16.91%)、372(50.34%)、242(32.75%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組,DCS將64(8.66%)、189(25.58)、486(65.76%)例患者分別納入低、中、高PTP組,兩者確診患者PTP分布比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=257.00,P<0.001)。
以CAG為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),UDFM診斷冠心病的靈敏度為32.8%,特異度為82.2%,正確率為54.3%,AUC為0.64〔95%CI(0.61,0.67)〕;DCS診斷冠心病的靈敏度為65.8%,特異度為55.1%,正確率為61.1%,AUC為0.63〔95%CI(0.60,0.66)〕。兩者AUC比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=0.33,P>0.05,見表2、圖1)。
表2 UDFM、DCS對(duì)冠心病的診斷價(jià)值分析(例)
注:UDFM=更新的Diamond-Forrester法,DCS=Duke臨床評(píng)分,CAG=冠狀動(dòng)脈造影
2.3UDFM和DCS在不同性別之間的準(zhǔn)確性分析UDFM對(duì)男性典型胸痛患者、不典型胸痛患者、非心絞痛型胸痛患者計(jì)算的PTP與實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率較接近,而對(duì)女性患者,除50~59歲典型心絞痛患者存在高估現(xiàn)象外,余均存在低估現(xiàn)象;DCS對(duì)男性患者存在高估現(xiàn)象,對(duì)女性患者,除典型心絞痛患者存在高估現(xiàn)象外,余均存在低估現(xiàn)象(見表3~5)。
表1 不同性別患者一般資料比較
注:a為t值;HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,TC=總膽固醇,eGFR=估算腎小球?yàn)V過率
注:UDFM=更新的Diamond-Forrester法,DCS=Duke臨床評(píng)分
圖1UDFM和DCS診斷冠心病的ROC曲線
Figure 1ROC curve of the diagnosis of coronary artery disease by UDFM and DCS
表3不同年齡、性別的典型心絞痛患者UDFM和DCS計(jì)算的PTP與實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率(%)
Table 3PTP of UDFM,DCS and actual positive rate of coronary artery disease of patients with typical angina of different ages and genders
年齡(歲)男性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 女性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 30~3957.266.055.625.753.3-40~4966.682.047.135.039.764.350~5975.090.071.444.156.738.860~6981.294.668.952.768.156.270~7986.096.669.161.378.169.5
注:-表示例數(shù)≤5
表4不同年齡、性別的不典型心絞痛患者UDFM和DCS計(jì)算的PTP與實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率(%)
Table 4PTP of UDFM,DCS and actual positive rate of coronary artery disease of patients with atypical angina of different ages and genders
年齡(歲)男性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 女性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 30~3928.330.3-00-40~4936.051.143.513.213.418.250~5945.061.943.917.920.935.960~6954.176.666.224.030.867.5
注:-表示例數(shù)≤5
3討論
CAG作為診斷冠心病的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其診斷陽(yáng)性率僅為20%~70%[10-11]。DOUGLAS等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)影響醫(yī)院CAG陽(yáng)性率的主要因素在于術(shù)前患者選擇以及合適的術(shù)前評(píng)估策略。近年來英國(guó)國(guó)立健康與臨床優(yōu)化研究所(NICE)、歐洲心臟病學(xué)會(huì)(ESC)等指南開始提出用PTP對(duì)可疑冠心病患者進(jìn)行評(píng)估,為進(jìn)一步?jīng)Q策提供參考,目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的是UDFM、DCS模型。本研究結(jié)果顯示,UDFM、DCS對(duì)可疑冠心病患者的篩選有一定的作用,但評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性的高低存在性別差異。其中UDFM、DCS對(duì)女性患者均存在低估現(xiàn)象,UDFM對(duì)于男性患者PTP的估算有相對(duì)較高的準(zhǔn)確性,而DCS對(duì)男性存在高估現(xiàn)象。
表5不同年齡、性別的非心絞痛型胸痛患者UDFM和DCS計(jì)算的PTP與實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率(%)
Table 5PTP of UDFM,DCS and actual positive rate of coronary artery disease of patients with non-angina chest pain of different ages and genders
年齡(歲)男性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 女性UDFM DCS 實(shí)際陽(yáng)性率 30~3916.736.6-5.310.7-40~4923.052.536.77.411.0-50~5930.666.336.710.624.136.860~6938.376.141.214.233.642.570~7948.085.160.119.538.658.8
注:-表示例數(shù)≤5
GENDERS等[5,12]通過納入多個(gè)歐美研究中心胸痛患者的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),UDFM、DCS預(yù)測(cè)模型的AUC分別達(dá)0.82和0.78。且在臨床實(shí)踐中有研究表明,如果嚴(yán)格應(yīng)用UDFM和DCS進(jìn)行PTP評(píng)估以選擇進(jìn)行CAG的患者,至少可以避免2/3的患者進(jìn)行不必要的心臟檢查[13]。而在亞洲人群中的研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩種模型的預(yù)測(cè)效果并不佳,如FUJIMOTO等[14]、ISMA′EEL等[15]研究表明,在日本和中東地區(qū)的可疑冠心病人群中UDFM、DCS的AUC均<0.7。本研究結(jié)果亦表明,UDFM、DCS的預(yù)測(cè)效果在我國(guó)人群中不佳,其AUC分別僅為0.64、0.63,其原因可能是由于危險(xiǎn)因素的分布差異以及研究人群之間的異質(zhì)性所致。我國(guó)學(xué)者周伽等[16]在評(píng)價(jià)DCS、UDFM與CT冠狀動(dòng)脈造影(CTCA)聯(lián)合應(yīng)用對(duì)穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者的診斷準(zhǔn)確性時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)DCS比UDFM更適用于可疑冠心病患者PTP的估算,按照DCS估算的PTP與CTCA聯(lián)合應(yīng)用能夠有效提高CTCA診斷準(zhǔn)確性,并避免過度檢查。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)UDFM與DCS預(yù)測(cè)模型在對(duì)PTP進(jìn)行估算時(shí),DCS可以將更多的陽(yáng)性患者分入高PTP組,但DEMIR等[17]直接對(duì)DCS與UDFM比較發(fā)現(xiàn),DCS較UDFM對(duì)可疑冠心病患者存在明顯過高估計(jì),其適用性不及UDFM。這種差異存在的原因可能與研究人群和樣本量限制有一定關(guān)系,需要進(jìn)一步的研究進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。但若單從臨床應(yīng)用的便利性角度來講,可能納入研究變量更少的UDFM更易被臨床醫(yī)生所接受。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以CAG為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),UDFM對(duì)男性患者PTP的估算具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性,對(duì)女性患者存在明顯低估現(xiàn)象。而在另一些研究中,UDFM卻被認(rèn)為會(huì)過高估計(jì)PTP,在女性患者中尤甚[5]。其原因可能是由于研究人群之間存在差異以及模型本身存在的局限性。UDFM主要采用患者的性別、年齡、胸痛3個(gè)變量來預(yù)測(cè)冠心病發(fā)生的概率[17],而有部分患者,雖然存在明顯冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄,但并沒有任何胸痛的臨床癥狀[18]。此外,根據(jù)以往研究表明,不同性別之間發(fā)生冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素存在一定的差異,女性因胸痛而行CAG的診斷陽(yáng)性率要比男性低[19],而UDFM卻并沒有考慮這些因素。RADEMAKER等[20]將女性特有的危險(xiǎn)因素如雌激素水平、妊娠期糖尿病納入U(xiǎn)DFM時(shí),其AUC可以從原來的0.61提高到0.71(P<0.001),這意味著應(yīng)該對(duì)女性患者納入更多的特有危險(xiǎn)因素來構(gòu)建模型,僅納入3個(gè)變量對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行PTP的估算可能并不準(zhǔn)確。
本研究的局限性:(1)本研究是單中心回顧性研究,可能存在選擇偏倚。因此,下一步應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行多中心、前瞻性和大樣本量的研究以獲得更有說服力的結(jié)論。(2)冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度僅通過肉眼觀察來判定,診斷結(jié)果存在觀察者間的差異。(3)患者胸痛特征由醫(yī)師根據(jù)病歷記錄人工確定,可能存在判斷偏倚。
總而言之,UDFM、DCS對(duì)于我國(guó)可疑冠心病患者的評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性不佳,而且存在性別差異,對(duì)女性存在明顯低估現(xiàn)象。因此,對(duì)于PTP評(píng)估模型的使用,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意根據(jù)研究人群的臨床特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行謹(jǐn)慎選擇。
作者貢獻(xiàn):賀婷進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);劉星、李瑩、吳俏玉、羅愛靜進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評(píng)估、資料收集;袁洪進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Diagnostic Value of Updated Diamond-Forrester Method and Duck Clinical Score Prediction Model in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
HETing,LIUXing,LIYing,etal.
TheThirdXiangyaHospitalofCentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410013,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo compare the evaluation accuracy of the two prediction models——updated Diamond-Forrester method(UDFM)and Duke clinical score(DCS)for patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China,and further analyze their accuracy differences between different genders.Methods1 311 patients who had underwent CAG surgery because of chest pain in the Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to May 2015 were enrolled in this study.UDFM and DCS were employed to estimate the pretest probability(PTP)of the patients respectively,and PTP was divided into three groups,which were low PTP(<30%),medium PTP(30%-70%)and high PTP(>70%)groups;patients in the high PTP group were taken as having coronary artery disease.Taking CAG as the golden standard,we analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of UDFM and DCS in patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China,and further analyzed the accuracy differences of these two models between different genders.ResultsOf the 1 311 patients,CAG result displayed that 739(56.37%)cases were confirmed as coronary artery disease.UDFM result showed that 294(22.43%),673(51.33%)and 344(26.24%)cases were grouped into low PTP,medium PTP and high PTP respectively;DCS result demonstrated that 165(12.59%),403(30.74%)and 743(56.67%)cases fell into the groups of low PTP,medium PTP and high PTP.The two PTP distribution comparisons showed significant difference(χ2=379.00,P<0.001).Of the confirmed 739 cases,UDFM brought 125(16.91%),372(50.34%)and 242(32.75%) cases into the low PTP,medium PTP and high PTP groups,while 64(8.66%),189(25.58%)and 486(65.76%) were classified into the groups of low PTP,medium PTP and high PTP by DCS,and the PTP distribution comparison of the confirmed patients of the two showed significant difference(χ2=257.00,P<0.001).Under the CAG golden standard,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy rate of UDFM in coronary artery disease were 32.8%,82.2% and 54.3% respectively,and the areas under the curve of ROC was 0.64〔95%CI(0.61,0.67)〕;the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy rate of DCS in coronary artery disease were 65.8%,55.1% and 61.1% respectively,and the area under the curve of ROC was 0.63〔95%CI(0.60,0.66)〕.There was no significant difference in the areas under the curve of their ROC(Z=0.33,P>0.05).The calculated PTP of UDFM for male patients with typical angina,patients with atypical angina,and patients with non-anginal chest pain were closer to the actual positive rate,while for female patients,besides the overestimation in the typical angina patients under the age of 50-59,the rest were all underestimated;DCS overestimated the male patients,for the female patients,besides the overestimated phenomenon in typical angina patients,the other were all in underestimation state.ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of UDFM and DCS for patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China is not high,moreover there are gender differences.The two both have the underestimation phenomenon in female patients,which is different from European and American.Therefore,a more accurate model based on different genders is needed to be established for the PTP estimation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China.
【Key words】Coronary artery disease;Pretest probability;Coronary angiography;Diagnosis;Sensitivity;Specificity;Updated Diamond-Forrester method;Duke clinical score
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”科技重大專項(xiàng)(2012ZX09303014001);中南大學(xué)湘雅大數(shù)據(jù);湖南省科技計(jì)劃國(guó)際合作重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(2014W2034)
通信作者:袁洪,410013湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市,中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院;E-mail:yuanhongxy3@163.com
【中圖分類號(hào)】R 541.4
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.20.017
(收稿日期:2015-12-08;修回日期:2016-04-01)
·方法學(xué)研究·