文/仲維芒
?
動(dòng)詞短語考·查·熱·點(diǎn)·例·析·
文/仲維芒
責(zé)任編輯:李丁文
動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn)常以單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、完成句子等題型作為載體,主要針對部分常用的動(dòng)詞短語進(jìn)行考查。本文主要分析如何做好動(dòng)詞短語的辨析題。動(dòng)詞短語的考查形式主要有以下四種。
【中考真題1】(2015年海南卷)No matter how hard it is,don’t____.Things will be better in the future.
A.give outB.give upC.give away
解析:四個(gè)短語中的動(dòng)詞都是give。句意為:“不管有多么困難,都不要……”。據(jù)此可以推斷,空格處應(yīng)該選give up表示“放棄”。give out意為“分發(fā);公布;停止運(yùn)行”,give away表示“贈(zèng)送”,均與句意不符。答案選B。
【中考真題2】(2015年永州卷)We should learn to____ourselves in life.
A.look atB.look forC.look after
解析:四個(gè)短語中的動(dòng)詞都是look。look after ourse lves表示“照顧我們自己”,look at意為“看”,look for意思是“尋找”,根據(jù)語境和句意,應(yīng)該選C。
【中考真題3】(2015年淮安卷)Steven,go to bed now.You should____before six tomorrow,or you’ll miss the plane.
A.get o ffB.get upC.get onD.get a long
解析:四個(gè)短語中的動(dòng)詞都是get。句意為:“你應(yīng)該在明天6點(diǎn)之前起床,否則將錯(cuò)過飛機(jī)”。get along表示“相處”,get off“下車”,get on“上車”均不合句意,因此應(yīng)該選B,get up意思是“起床”。
【中考真題4】(2015年河南卷)____a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.
A.Try onB.Get onC.Turn onD.Put on
解析:不同的動(dòng)詞與介詞on搭配,意思都不同。try on意為“試穿”,get on表示“上車”,turn on意為“打開”,put on意為“穿上”。上題的句意是:“必要的時(shí)候打開燈,你將把光明帶給別人和你自己”。答案選C。
【中考真題5】(2015年荊州卷)—The group of boys and girls____to study in college this morning,full of nice dreams.
—I believe their dreams can come true one day.
A.set offB.fell o ffC.put offD.kept off
解析:四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞與介詞off搭配,識(shí)記并辨析其詞義有難度。fell off意思是“跌倒”,put o ff意為“延期;敷衍;使分心;脫去(衣、帽等)”,kep to ff的意思是“不接近;禁食;沒有下(雨、雪等);避開某一話題”,set off意為“出發(fā)”。句意是:“今天早晨一群孩子帶著美好的夢想進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)?!薄拔蚁嘈潘麄冇幸惶炷軌驂粝氤烧?。”答案選A。
【中考真題6】(2015年河北卷)President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to all the food each meal.
A.eat upB.use upC.p ick upD.cut up
解析:空格后是all the food each meal(每餐所有的飯菜),稍加聯(lián)想就可知這與“光盤行動(dòng)”有關(guān),eat up表示“吃光”。use up意思是“用光;用完”,pick up意思是“挑選;拾起”,cut up表示“切碎”,均不合語境。答案選A。
【中考真題7】(2015年麗水卷)The great writer has written many stories for child ren. It is said that a new one willat the end of this month.
A.go outB.come outC.look outD.run out
解析:go out意為“出去”,come out意為“出來;出版”,look out意為“當(dāng)心”,run out意為“用完;結(jié)束”。該題句意為:“據(jù)說一本新書將于本月底出版?!贝鸢高xB。
【中考真題8】(2015年荊州卷)His leg is seriously injured in the accident.____a doc tor at once.
A.Ask forB.Send forC.Wait forD.Look for
解析:ask for的意思是“尋求;詢問”,send for意為“派人去請”,wait for意思是“等候;等待”,look for表示“尋找”。句意為:“他的腿在事故中嚴(yán)重受傷。立刻派人去請醫(yī)生?!备鶕?jù)題意,答案為B。
【中考真題9】(2014年哈爾濱卷)On June 11th,2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying threeastronauts____into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
A.sent upB.are sent upC.was sent up
解析:考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。由On June 11 th,2013可知,該句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),排除B;主語Shenzhou-10與謂語動(dòng)詞sent up之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài),答案選C。
【中考真題10】(2015年泰州卷)Their happiness only lasted for a while,for the warsoon a fter they go tmarried.
A.break outB.was broken outC.is broken outD.broke out
解析:break out的意思是“爆發(fā);發(fā)生”。漢語中我們可以說“爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭”或“戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)”,但英語中只能說the war broke out(戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā))。換句話說,break out表示“爆發(fā);發(fā)生”時(shí)不可用被動(dòng)形式。句意是:“他們的幸福是短暫的,因?yàn)樗麄兓楹蟛痪镁捅l(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭?!贝鸢高xD。
【中考真題11】(2015年黑龍江卷)—My aunt goes to climb mountains every Sunday.
—Oh?But she____hate c limbing mountains.
A.used toB.was used toC.is used to
解析:used to do表示“過去常常做某事,而現(xiàn)在往往不做了”;be used to doing表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”;be used to do表示“……被用來做某事”。該題句意為:“我的阿姨每個(gè)星期日都去爬山?!薄芭叮康^去很討厭爬山?!备鶕?jù)句意,答案選A。
辨析多重動(dòng)詞短語的關(guān)鍵在于依據(jù)動(dòng)詞的基本意思,結(jié)合介詞的含義,判斷動(dòng)詞短語的表面意義或引申意義,然后按照題干出現(xiàn)的語境,再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行選擇。
1.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。常見的有g(shù)o on with,catch up with等。這類動(dòng)詞短語的賓語只能放在介詞后面。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest,he went on with his research work.
2.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞。常見的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to, make fun of等。這類動(dòng)詞短語的賓語只能放在介詞后面。
【中考真題12】(2015年河南卷)Jane is very busy these days,for she has a lot of problems to____.
A.deal withB.keep up withC.ag ree withD.come up with
解析:句意為:“簡這些天非常忙,因?yàn)樗泻芏鄦栴}要處理。”keep up with意為“緊跟;跟上;不落人之后;齊肩并進(jìn)”;agree with表示“同意”;come up with意思是“想出;提出;追趕上;設(shè)法拿出”。根據(jù)題意,答案選A。
【中考真題13】(2014年山西卷)A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life.It is important for students to learn how to____each other.
A.get on withB.come over toC.stay away from
解析:該題題意為:“復(fù)旦大學(xué)的一名學(xué)生僅僅因?yàn)槿粘I畹囊稽c(diǎn)小事被他的室友殺害了。學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何彼此相處很重要?!眊et on with意思是“相處”;come over to意思是“從遠(yuǎn)方(或克服障礙后)過來”;stay away from意為“躲避;離……遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)”。根據(jù)題意,選A。
1.(2015年蘭州卷)He ate a lot and did little exercise,so he____10 pounds.
A.put onB.put awayC.put outD.put off
2.(2015年蘭州卷)This place____a factory but now it is a park.
A.used to beingB.used to beC.is used toD.using to be
3.(2015年荊門卷)—Tom,w hat’s wrong with you?You look tired.
—Oh,I____late to watch a football game last night.I slept for only two hours.
A.gave upB.looked upC.set upD.stayed up
4.(2015年宿遷卷)UNICEF w as____in 1946 to im prove child ren’s lives after World War II.
A.given upB.put upC.se t upD.got up
5.(2015年青島卷)They heard the party was____because of the exam.
A.put onB.put upC.put offD.put down
6.(2015年青島卷)—My cousin has a sore throat.
—She’d better____.
A.drink water with honeyB.see a dentist
C.take a showerD.get an x-ray
7.(2015年黃岡卷)—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home?
—You’re supposed to____a study group to help them.
A.take upB.fix upC.set upD.stay up
8.(2015年無錫卷)The governments should____the use of new type of energy to make a greener world.
A.push inB.push forC.put outD.put up
9.(2015年黑河卷)Don’t fo rget to____the lights before you leave the classroom.
A.turn offB.turn dow nC.turn up
10.(2015年浙江卷)Scientists are trying their best to____ways to treat the terrib le disease called H7N9.
A.come up withB.look fo rw ard toC.talk aboutD.give up
Key:1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.A9.A10.A