明文勇 ，段 琦，亢建平，韓 升，張 偉，呂 劍

(1.山東華安新材料有限公司, 山東 淄博 255300；2. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所, 陜西 西安 710065)

1,4-丁二醇反應(yīng)研究進(jìn)展

明文勇1，段 琦1，亢建平2，韓 升2，張 偉2，呂 劍2

(1.山東華安新材料有限公司, 山東 淄博 255300；2. 西安近代化學(xué)研究所, 陜西 西安 710065)

本文對(duì)1，4-丁二醇的概況、可參與的反應(yīng)及其下游產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)綜述。

1，4-丁二醇 反應(yīng) 應(yīng)用

1,4-丁二醇是一種重要的的有機(jī)和精細(xì)化工原料，其衍生物更是附加價(jià)值高的精細(xì)化工產(chǎn)品，廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)藥、化工、紡織、造紙、汽車和日用化工等領(lǐng)域。由于1,4-丁二醇結(jié)構(gòu)中含有兩個(gè)活潑羥基，決定了其化學(xué)性質(zhì)較活潑，可參與多種反應(yīng)，本文對(duì)1,4-丁二醇參與的各類反應(yīng)進(jìn)行綜述。

1 簡介

1,4-丁二醇(簡稱BDO)是一種重要的有機(jī)和精細(xì)化工原料，英文名為1，4-butanediol，CAS號(hào)為110-63-4，無色粘稠狀液體。我國BDO產(chǎn)能的增加速度遠(yuǎn)超過市場需求的增長速度，BDO產(chǎn)能過剩問題嚴(yán)重。近年來，由于對(duì)它的下游產(chǎn)品需求量增長很快，且它的衍生物新用途也正在不斷地延伸和拓展，需求量也在不斷擴(kuò)大，因此加強(qiáng)它的下游產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)迫在眉睫。

2 反應(yīng)及應(yīng)用

1,4-丁二醇是典型的二元醇，結(jié)構(gòu)中含有兩個(gè)活潑羥基，決定了其化學(xué)性質(zhì)較活潑，可參與多種反應(yīng)。根據(jù)其參與反應(yīng)的類型可分為氧化反應(yīng)、取代反應(yīng)、硝基化反應(yīng)、脫水反應(yīng)、脫氫反應(yīng)、聚合反應(yīng)等，如圖1所示。

2.1 氧化反應(yīng)

Shahriar等[1-2]等采用R3NH[CrO3F]、R3NH[CrO3Cl]為氧化劑實(shí)現(xiàn)了微波室溫條件下選擇性氧化1,4-丁二醇中的一個(gè)醇基為醛基。Thomas等[3]采用COCl2為氧化劑, DMSO為溶劑將1,4-丁二醇中的兩個(gè)醇基同時(shí)氧化為醛基，收率為80%。Svetlakov等[4]采用HNO3為氧化劑, 在25～30℃條件下將1,4-丁二醇氧化為1,4-丁二酸，收率90%。Atsushi等[5]在光照條件下使1,4-丁二醇發(fā)生需氧氧化生成乳醇，收率86%。Huang等[6]采用Au/γ-AlOOH 和 Au/γ-Al2O3為催化劑，氧氣為氧化劑，將1,4-丁二醇氧化為γ-丁內(nèi)酯，重點(diǎn)考察了載體表面酸性、金離子尺寸對(duì)催化活性的影響。

2.2 取代反應(yīng)

1,4-丁二醇末端羥基可被鹵原子[7](氟、氯、溴、碘、疊氮)等基團(tuán)取代，生成相應(yīng)的氯代烷烴。Swati等[8-9]報(bào)道在HBr、 H2O存在下100℃, 48 h條件下, 以88%的收率得到1,4-二溴丁烷。Schunck等[10]報(bào)道在HBr、 H2O存在下苯為溶劑回流12h得到單取代產(chǎn)物4-溴丁醇，收率68%。Dzhemilev等[11]報(bào)道在高壓釜中以1,4-丁二醇為原料，Mo(CO)6為催化劑, CCl4為溶劑, 140℃，3 h條件下得到含氯單取代產(chǎn)物4-氯丁醇，收率為98%。Ding等[12]以1,4-丁二醇為原料經(jīng)溴代、疊氮化兩步反應(yīng)得到4-疊氮丁醇。Wolfgang等[13]采用光氣在HCl、DMF存在下以98%的收率獲得雙取代產(chǎn)物1,4-二氯丁烷。Berridge,等[14]報(bào)道以1,4-丁二醇為原料經(jīng)四步反應(yīng)得含氟單取代產(chǎn)物4-氟丁醇。Ferreri等[15]以1,4-丁二醇、碘甲烷為原料，PdCl2為催化劑以96%的收率獲得1,4-二碘丁烷。

2.3 硝基化反應(yīng)

Sarlauskas等[16]報(bào)道以N2O5為硝基化試劑, CH2Cl2為溶劑, 溫度為-15 ～15℃條件下1,4-丁二醇發(fā)生硝基化反應(yīng)。Braune等[17]報(bào)道以1,4-丁二醇為原料，二氯甲烷為溶劑，85%HNO3與尿素作為硝基化試劑，溫度控制在10～ 25℃間生成了1,4-丁二醇的單硝基化產(chǎn)物與雙硝基化產(chǎn)物混合物。

圖1 1,4-丁二醇衍生反應(yīng)

2.4 脫水反應(yīng)

2.5 脫氫反應(yīng)

Chaudhari等[22]報(bào)道在催化劑為Pt，添加劑為CaCO3經(jīng)三步反應(yīng)生成1,4-丁-2-烯二醇。Pillai

等[23]報(bào)道以1,4-丁二醇為原料在催化劑為Cr、Cu存在下經(jīng)氣相脫氫生成1,4-丁二烯。Zhao、Ishii, 等[24-25]報(bào)道1,4-丁二醇在Ru催化劑存在下205℃,10h脫氫生成γ一丁內(nèi)酯。

2.6 聚合反應(yīng)

Diaz等[26]以1,4-丁二醇與乙炔為原料經(jīng)七步反應(yīng)以85%的收率合成多環(huán)醚。Mukai等[27]報(bào)道1,4-丁二醇發(fā)生分子間脫水后經(jīng)聚合反應(yīng)生成丙酸酯聚合物。

2.7 成環(huán)反應(yīng)

Lan等[28]以1,4-丁二醇與丁醛為原料在甲苯溶劑中130℃、2h生成七元環(huán)二縮醛。Lee等[29]報(bào)道以1,4-丁二醇與甲胺為原料在250℃條件下成環(huán)生成N-甲基吡咯啉。Bogatskii[30]報(bào)道1,4-丁二醇與甲醛關(guān)環(huán)生成1.3-二氧環(huán)戊烷。Segawa等[31]報(bào)道以1,4-丁二醇為原料，In2O3為催化劑，固定床反應(yīng)器上375℃反應(yīng)5 h，生成60.8%的3-丁醇和20.4%的γ一丁內(nèi)酯。Reddy等[32]以Co-Cu/MgO為催化劑，250℃條件下1,4-丁二醇發(fā)生脫氫、脫水反應(yīng)關(guān)環(huán)生成四氫呋喃與γ一丁內(nèi)酯的混合物，催化劑的制備方法對(duì)反應(yīng)路徑有很大的影響。Klinger等[33]以1,4-丁二醇與氨氣為原料在Fe催化劑存在下250℃條件下生成氮氧六元雜環(huán)。

3 結(jié)語

綜上所述，1,4-丁二醇原料易得、具有一定的化學(xué)活性，能參與多種不同類型的反應(yīng)生成相應(yīng)的下游產(chǎn)品，已開發(fā)的下游產(chǎn)品主要有四氫呋喃(THF)、γ-丁內(nèi)酯(GBL)、聚對(duì)苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚四亞甲基乙二醇醚(PTMEG)、N-甲基呲咯烷酮(NMP)雖由1,4-丁二醇為原料也可生成1,4-二氯丁烷、1,4-丁二酸(琥珀酸)、1,3-丁二烯等，但在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不可行。根據(jù)其可參與的反應(yīng)，還可用于生產(chǎn)吡咯，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)吡咯廠家較少，且吡咯價(jià)格較高，利潤空間較大?？傊?,4-丁二醇衍生物用途十分廣泛，市場前景較好。因此，以1,4-丁二醇為原料對(duì)其下游產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)具有重要的意義。

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(本文文獻(xiàn)格式：明文勇 ，段 琦，亢建平，等.1,4-丁二醇反應(yīng)研究進(jìn)展[J].山東化工，2016，45(14)：37-39.)

Progress in Research of 1,4-Butanediol Reaction

MingWenyong1*,DuanQi1,KangJianping2,HanSheng2,ZhangWei2,LvJian2

(1.ShanDong Huaan new material Co., Ltd., Zibo 255300 China; 2.Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Instiute, Xi'an 710065.China)

The property, related reaction, application fields of 1,4-butanediol were reviewed in this article.

1,4-butanediol；properties；reaction；application

2016-05-07

明文勇(1966—)，山東淄博人，高級(jí)工程師，主要從事化工工藝技術(shù)開發(fā)。

TQ2231.6+4

A

1008-021X(2016)14-0037-03