• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看

      ?

      緊急剖胸術(shù)在嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷中的應(yīng)用價值及手術(shù)指征探討

      2017-05-10 00:34劉宗志霍承瑜牛磊
      現(xiàn)代儀器與醫(yī)療 2017年2期

      劉宗志+霍承瑜+牛磊

      (民航總醫(yī)院心胸外科,北京 100123)

      [摘 要] 目的:分析緊急剖胸術(shù)(Emergency thoracotomy,ET)在嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷中的應(yīng)用價值,探討其手術(shù)指征。方法:分析行ET的120例嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷患者資料,將接受急診室ET的42例患者納入急診室組,將接受手術(shù)室ET的78例患者納入手術(shù)室組。比較兩組患者手術(shù)情況及預(yù)后,總結(jié)ET的臨床價值及手術(shù)指征。結(jié)果:急診室組ISS評分、術(shù)后死亡率高于手術(shù)室組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);穿透傷患者死亡率組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。急診室組存活患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為39.13%,與手術(shù)室組的41.38%比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。隨訪期間4例患者(均接受全肺切除)遺留中度肺功能障礙、右心功能不全,11例患者遺留輕度肺功能障礙,2例患者心電圖復(fù)查可見心肌損害表現(xiàn),其余64例患者均未見明顯異常。結(jié)論:急診室ET對鈍性傷所致嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷的治療價值有限;嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷患者ET術(shù)后死亡原因以嚴重心包壓塞、失血性休克為主,對于符合上述手術(shù)指征或合并主要支氣管損傷、空氣栓塞者,應(yīng)及時實施ET。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 緊急剖胸術(shù);胸部創(chuàng)傷;手術(shù)指征

      中圖分類號:R655 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2095-5200(2017)04-021-03

      DOI:10.11876/mimt201704009

      Application value and surgical indications of emergency thoracotomy in severe thoracic trauma LIU Zongzhi,HUO Chengyu,NIU Lei. (Department of thoracicsurgery,Civil Aviation General Hospital,Beijing 100123 China)

      [Abstract] Objective: This study was designed to analyse the application value of emergency thoracotomy (ET) in severe thoracic trauma, and to explore its indications of operation. Methods: A total sample of 120 patients with severe thoracic trauma were analyzed. 42 patients who received ET of emergency department were included in the emergency room group, and 78 patients who received ET of operating room were included in the operating room group. The surgical conditions and prognosis of the two groups were compared, and the clinical value of ET and surgical indications were summed up. Results: The ISS score and postoperative mortality in the emergency room group were higher than those in the operating room group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); and there was no statistically significant difference in the mortality for penetrating between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 39.13% in the survivors of the emergency room group and 41.38% in the operating room group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). During the follow-up period, 4 patients (all undergoing pneumonectomy) had moderate pulmonary dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, 11 patients with mild pulmonary dysfunction, 2 patients with myocardial damage showed by ECG, the remaining 64 patients were no obvious exception. Conclusions: The effect of ET in treatment of severe thoracic trauma caused by blunt trauma is limited. The cause of death in patients with severe thoracic trauma after ET is mainly due to severe pericardial tamponade and hemorrhagic shock. For patients who meet the above surgical indications or complicated with severe bronchial injury and air embolism, should be timely implementation of ET.

      [Key words] emergency thoracotomy; thoracic trauma; surgical indications

      胸部創(chuàng)傷約占創(chuàng)傷的6%~10%,占交通事故傷的44%以上,患者死亡率僅次于顱腦損傷,約有半數(shù)創(chuàng)傷患者死亡原因與胸部創(chuàng)傷及其并發(fā)癥有關(guān)[1]。嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷以肋骨骨折、胸壁心肺損傷所致氣胸、血胸或張力性氣胸為主要表現(xiàn),患者常伴有呼吸和循環(huán)功能障礙,病情兇險、死亡率高[2]。作為初期復(fù)蘇的重要環(huán)節(jié),近年來緊急剖胸術(shù)(Emergency thoracotomy,ET)在嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷的治療中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,但目前臨床關(guān)于ET應(yīng)用價值及手術(shù)指征的探討缺乏病例對照,無法為臨床實踐提供充足的依據(jù)[3]。本研究對120例患者進行了對照分析。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      回顧性分析我院2000年5月~2016年5月行ET 120例嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷[4]患者資料?;颊呤軅寥朐簳r間≤72 h,排除合并溺水、爆炸傷、中毒者。按照患者ET實施時機,將接受急診室ET的42例患者納入急診室組,將接受手術(shù)室ET的78例患者納入手術(shù)室組。

      1.2 手術(shù)方案

      42例患者于到達醫(yī)院即刻接受急診室ET治療,治療方案:14例接受心包減壓術(shù),18例接受心臟按壓術(shù),10例接受胸腔穿刺減壓、心包穿刺減壓與心臟修補術(shù);78例患者入院時生命體征穩(wěn)定,行急診胸部平片或(和)CT檢查后,送至手術(shù)室實施ET,治療方案:16例行心臟修補后開窗引流,5例行肺門血管探查修補,5例行全肺切除,5例行主支氣管修補,3例行前上縱隔血腫探查及左鎖骨下動脈修補,3例行右無名靜脈修補,20例行肋間動脈/胸廓內(nèi)動脈結(jié)扎,8例行肺深裂傷修補,13例行肺局部切除。ET術(shù)中或術(shù)后處理其他合并傷。

      1.3 分析指標及方法

      對比兩組手術(shù)情況、存活率及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,其中臨床資料包括年齡、性別、損傷嚴重度評分(ISS)[5]、受傷類型等。根據(jù)術(shù)后隨訪資料,分析手術(shù)時機對患者預(yù)后轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響。

      對本臨床研究的所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS18.0進行分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 臨床資料

      急診室組ISS評分高于手術(shù)室組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),兩組患者年齡、性別、受傷類型等其他臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

      2.2 手術(shù)情況

      急診室組入院至手術(shù)時間為(28.16±4.52)min,低于手術(shù)室組的(40.45±9.48)min,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),兩組患者術(shù)中出血量分別為(2315.81±194.65)mL、(2267.40±201.58)mL,組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

      2.3 死亡率與并發(fā)癥

      急診室組患者術(shù)后死亡率為45.24%,高于手術(shù)室組的23.08%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但穿透傷患者死亡率組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。急診室組患者死亡原因:心臟壓塞13例,心臟延遲破裂5例,術(shù)后多器官功能障礙綜合征1例;手術(shù)室組患者死亡原因:心臟壓塞8例,肺門血管大出血3例,肋間損傷伴不可逆休克2例,主支氣管斷裂3例,急性右心衰2例。

      急診室組存活患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為39.13%,與手術(shù)室組的41.38%比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥分布見表3,除右心功能不全患者未得到明顯改善外,其余29例發(fā)生術(shù)后并發(fā)癥患者均獲治愈。

      2.4 隨訪結(jié)果

      81例存活患者均獲得有效隨訪,平均隨訪時間(9.25±2.79)個月,其中4例患者(均接受全肺切除)遺留中度肺功能障礙、右心功能不全,11例患者遺留輕度肺功能障礙,2例患者心電圖復(fù)查可見心肌損害表現(xiàn),其余64例患者均未見明顯異常。

      3 討論

      嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷是創(chuàng)傷致死的主要原因,在緊急情況下,診斷與復(fù)蘇往往需同時進行,加之輔助檢查時間缺乏,如何根據(jù)體征、診斷性胸穿及影像學(xué)資料判斷ET指征,為爭取時間、挽救患者生命的關(guān)鍵[6]。由于手術(shù)室條件遠優(yōu)于急診室條件,但在中轉(zhuǎn)過程中可能造成治療貽誤,故ET實施時機不可一概而論[7-8]。

      我們統(tǒng)計顯示急診室組患者入院時ISS評分更高,該類患者病情更為嚴重,甚至入院時存在心跳、呼吸停止,極度呼吸困難、進行性血壓下降等表現(xiàn),需立即實施復(fù)蘇救治。由于患者生命體征極不穩(wěn)定,即便實施完善外科干預(yù),致命性心肺損傷引發(fā)的心跳、呼吸停止仍可對患者生存造成明顯影響[9-10]。因此,急診室組患者死亡率高達45.24%。

      因急診室ET難于處理鈍性傷所致心臟壓塞、心臟延遲破裂,應(yīng)盡量避免對鈍性傷患者實施急診室手術(shù)??偨Y(jié)急診室ET的手術(shù)指征:1)穿透傷所致嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷并伴有心跳或呼吸停止;2)出現(xiàn)胸腔內(nèi)進行性出血,且已發(fā)生重度失血性休克[11];3)因心臟壓塞或空氣栓塞所致嚴重低血壓;4)頸部、上肢根部因穿刺傷所致大出血,需及時實施主動脈鉗夾[12-13]。

      對于院前指數(shù)(PHI)超過4分且血流動力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定者,應(yīng)考慮ET[14]。Struck等[15]認為,在最初的數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)實施手術(shù)救治,對于避免神經(jīng)損傷甚至功能損失也有著重要意義。近年來,院前急救技術(shù)的進展,使部分嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷患者可獲得手術(shù)室復(fù)蘇機會[16]。筆者認為,在急診ET指征的基礎(chǔ)上,對于入院時生命體征仍存在且短暫心肺復(fù)蘇無效的嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷患者[17],均可考慮手術(shù)室ET救治。但是,對于頸部穿透傷、上肢根部大出血而言,盲目實施ET可能因交通支的存在導(dǎo)致止血效果受限[18]。因此,ET術(shù)前應(yīng)評估患者創(chuàng)傷狀態(tài),若患者存在胸骨旁穿透傷,應(yīng)注重術(shù)中封閉止血,必要時中轉(zhuǎn)腔內(nèi)支架,保證止血效果。

      綜上所述,ET在嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷中的救治中有著確切的應(yīng)用價值,急診室ET對鈍性傷所致嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷的治療價值有限。。

      參 考 文 獻

      [1] Wyrick D L, Dassinger M S, Bozeman A P, et al. Hemodynamic variables predict outcome of emergency thoracotomy in the pediatric trauma population[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2014, 49(9): 1382-1384.

      [2] Flaris A N, Simms E R, Prat N, et al. Clamshell incision versus left anterolateral thoracotomy. Which one is faster when performing a resuscitative thoracotomy? The tortoise and the hare revisited[J]. World J Surg, 2015, 39(5): 1306-1311.

      [3] 都定元. 重視復(fù)蘇性剖胸探查術(shù)在瀕死創(chuàng)傷患者救治中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華創(chuàng)傷雜志, 2016, 32(7): 577-581.

      [4] Flynn-OBrien K T, Stewart B T, Fallat M E, et al. Mortality after emergency department thoracotomy for pediatric blunt trauma: Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank 2007–2012[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2016, 51(1): 163-167.

      [5] Seamon M J, Haut E R, Van Arendonk K, et al. An evidence-based approach to patient selection for emergency department thoracotomy: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma[J]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2015, 79(1): 159-173.

      [6] 王云, 何勇, 胡楊楊. 胸部創(chuàng)傷250例臨床診治[J]. 中國急救醫(yī)學(xué), 2014, 34(7): 55-56.

      [7] Dayama A, Sugano D, Spielman D, et al. Basic data underlying clinical decision‐making and outcomes in emergency department thoracotomy: tabular review[J]. ANZ J Surg, 2016, 86(1-2): 21-26.

      [8] Manz E, Nofz L, Norman A N, et al. Incidence of clotted haemopericardium in traumatic cardiac arrest in 152 thoracotomy patients[J]. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2014, 22(1): 1.

      [9] 黃一. 嚴重胸部撞擊傷后肺組織NIX表達與肺泡細胞凋亡的關(guān)系及意義[D].重慶:第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué), 2012.

      [10] Bradley M J, Bonds B W, Chang L, et al. Open chest cardiac massage offers no benefit over closed chest compressions in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest[J]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2016, 81(5): 849-854.

      [11] Voiglio E J, Simms E R, Flaris A N, et al. Bilateral anterior thoracotomy (clamshell incision) is the ideal emergency thoracotomy incision: an anatomical study: reply[J]. World J Surg, 2014, 38(4): 1003.

      [12] Vassiliu P, Yilmaz T, Degiannis E. On the ideal emergency thoracotomy incision[J]. World J Surg, 2014, 38(4): 1001-1002.

      [13] 趙興吉. 嚴重胸部創(chuàng)傷早期救治的幾個重要問題[C]// 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會急診醫(yī)學(xué)分會第十三次全國急診醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)年會大會論文集. 2010:565-566.

      [14] Kleber C, Giesecke M T, Lindner T, et al. Requirement for a structured algorithm in cardiac arrest following major trauma: epidemiology, management errors, and preventability of traumatic deaths in Berlin[J]. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(3): 405-410.

      [15] Struck M F, Staab H, Schummer W, et al. Traumatic cardiac arrest: central venous cannulation under direct vision following rescue thoracotomy[J]. Eur J Emerg Med, 2016, 23(1):74-75.

      [16] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會創(chuàng)傷學(xué)分會創(chuàng)傷危重癥與感染學(xué)組, 創(chuàng)傷急救與多發(fā)傷學(xué)組. 胸部創(chuàng)傷院前急救專家共識[J]. 中華創(chuàng)傷雜志, 2014, 30(9):861-864.

      [17] Ohrt-Nissen S, Colville-Ebeling B, Kandler K, et al. Indication for resuscitative thoracotomy in thoracic injuries-Adherence to the ATLS guidelines. A forensic autopsy based evaluation[J]. Injury, 2016, 47(5):1019-1024.

      [18] Inaba K, Chouliaras K, Zakaluzny S, et al. FAST ultrasound examination as a predictor of outcomes after resuscitative thoracotomy: a prospective evaluation[J]. Ann Surg, 2015, 262(3):512-518.

      第一作者:劉宗志,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:危重胸部創(chuàng)傷的救治、晚期肺癌的綜合治療,Email:caaclzzz@163.com。

      巩留县| 平原县| 米脂县| 逊克县| 双辽市| 温州市| 永善县| 醴陵市| 化隆| 黑山县| 来凤县| 石嘴山市| 辽中县| 抚松县| 隆子县| 台山市| 荆州市| 阿拉善盟| 攀枝花市| 吴旗县| 镶黄旗| 杭锦旗| 苏尼特右旗| 龙江县| 庆元县| 田东县| 崇文区| 东城区| 仁寿县| 瓮安县| 西乌珠穆沁旗| 石渠县| 崇礼县| 治多县| 沽源县| 酉阳| 辛集市| 宣化县| 普兰店市| 马龙县| 武强县|