摘 要:該文描述了毛茛科唐松草屬五新種:(1)小花唐松草,發(fā)現(xiàn)自貴州東北部,與多枝唐松草近緣,區(qū)別為其小葉較小,雄蕊較少,花絲較短,呈狹條形。(2)新寧唐松草,發(fā)現(xiàn)自湖南南部,與爪哇唐松草近緣,區(qū)別為本種的雄蕊花絲呈狹條狀棒形,花只含3~6枚心皮。(3)短蕊唐松草,發(fā)現(xiàn)自河南東南部,在體態(tài)上與爪哇唐松草十分相似,區(qū)別為本種的雄蕊很短,花絲呈絲形,花只含4~6枚心皮。(4)毛蕊唐松草,發(fā)現(xiàn)自四川北部,與長柄唐松草有密切的親緣關(guān)系,區(qū)別為本種的莖和花梗被短柔毛,萼片被緣毛,花藥不具短尖頭,子房密被短柔毛。(5)小金唐松草,發(fā)現(xiàn)自四川西部,與白莖唐松草在親緣關(guān)系上甚為相近,區(qū)別為本種的小葉被微硬毛,雄蕊花絲呈狹條形,花藥頂端無短尖頭或具極小短尖頭,心皮較小,長僅2.4 mm,柱頭無翅。
關(guān)鍵詞:毛茛科, 唐松草屬, 新種, 中國
中圖分類號:Q949
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
文章編號:1000-3142(2017)04-0407-10
1. 小花唐松草 圖1
Thalictrum minutiflorum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1
Ob herbas totas glabras, flores minutos, carpellorum stylos apice uncatos et achenia lanceolata species nova haec est fortasse affinis Thalictro ramoso Boivin, a quo foliolis minoribus 0.3-1 cm longis et latis, staminibus paucioribus ca. 18 per florem, filamentis anguste linearibus brevioribus 1-2 mm longis antheris angustioribus facile differt; in T. ramoso, foliola majora 0.7-2 cm longa 0.5-1.5 cm lata, stamina plura ca. 30 per florem, filamenta longiora 3-5 mm longa superne oblanceolata 0.3-0.4 mm lata antheris fere aequilata inferne anguste linearia vel
subfiliformia 0.1-0.2 mm lata sunt.
Perennial herbs, entirely glabrous. Stems ca. 3, 11-25 cm tall, near base 1-1.5 mm in diam., glabrous, simple or 1-2-branched, 1-3-leaved. Basal leaves not seen. Lower cauline leaves 3-ternate, upper cauline ones 2-ternate; blades triangular, 1.5-7× 2-5 cm; leaflets thinly papery, ovate, broadly ovate or broadly rhombic, 0.3-1 × 0.3-1 cm, at base rounded, truncate or subcordate, 3-lobed or 3-lobulate, with lobes and lobules entire or 1-2-denticulate at margin, 3-5-nerved with basal nerves adaxially flat and abaxially slightly prominent; petiolules slender, filiform, 1-6 mm long; petioles 1-3.5 cm long; stipules membranous, 0.2-2 mm broad. Compound monochasia terminal, 2.5-5 cm long, corymbiform, 4-8-flowered; bracts foliaceous or simple, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5-2 cm long; pedicels filiform, 4-10 mm long. Flower fragrant:Sepals 4, white (according to field notes), elliptic, ca. 2 × 1 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 18, 1.8-2.8 mm long; filaments narrowly linear, 1-2 mm long, above 0.2-0.3 mm broad, narrower than anthers, below 0.15-0.2 mm broad; anthers yellowish, oblong, ca. 0.8 × 0.35-0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Carpels 8-14, 2-2.3 mm long; ovary subfusiform, 1.2-1.5 × 0.35 mm; style ca. 0.8 mm long, at apex hook-like, and adaxially near apex with an inconspicuous stigma. Achenes flattened, lanceolate, 2-3.2 × 0.6-1 mm, glabrous, on each side longitudinally thinly 3-ribbed; persistent styles 0.4-0.6 mm long, apex hook-like.
貴州省(Guizhou Province):德江縣,桶井鄉(xiāng),高開(Dejiang Xian, Tongjing Xiang, Gaokai), alt. 600 m, 疏林下,草本植物高20~50 cm,花白色,香(in sparse forest, herbs 20-50 cm tall, fls. white, fragrant), 2003-03-26, 安明先 (M. X. An) 3048 (holotype, PE).
本種的植株全部無毛,花小,心皮的花柱頂端鉤狀彎曲,瘦果呈披針形,因此可能與也具上述特征的多枝唐松草(Thalictrum ramosum Boivin)有親緣關(guān)系,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的小葉較小,長及寬均為0.3~1 cm,雄蕊較少,每朵花約18枚,花絲呈狹條形,較短,長1~2 mm,比花藥窄。在多枝唐松草,小葉較大,長0.7~2 cm,寬0.5~1.5 cm,雄蕊較多,每朵花約30枚,花絲較長,長3~5 mm,上部呈倒披針形,寬0.3~0.4 mm,與花藥幾等寬,下部呈狹條形或近絲形,寬0.1~0.2 mm(王文采,王蜀秀,1979)。
2. 新寧唐松草 圖2
Thalictrum xinningense W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2.
Thalictrum minus L. var. hypoleucum auct. non (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq.:Z. C. Luo & Y. B. Luo, Pl. Xinning 142. 2008.
Species nova haec est affinis Thalictro javanico Bl., a quo staminum filamentis superne anguste lineari-clavatis antheris angustioribus, flore carpellis tantum 3-6 praedito differt; in T. javanico, filamenta superne oblanceolata antheris latiora, et flos carpellis 8-15 praeditus est. Etiam a T. mino L. var. hypoleuco (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. staminum filamentis superne anguste lineari-clavatis inferne filiformibus, carpello stylum ovario fere aequilongum apice uncatum et stigma minutum incospicuum gerente praeclare distinguitur; in T. mino var. hypoleuco, filamenta filiformia, et carpellum stylo carens et stigma multo majorius ovario fere aequilongum triangulare utrique alatum gerens est.
Perennial herb. Stem 60-100 cm tall (according to field notes), near base ca. 6.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Basal and lower cauline leaves withered during anthesis. Upper cauline leaves 3-4-ternate-pinnate, shortly petiolate, glabrous; blades broadly ovate, 11-32 × 12-25 cm; leaflets petiolulate, papery, ovate, broadly ovate, obovate or elliptic, 1.5-3.4 × 1.2-4 cm, at apex rounded or truncate-rounded and shortly mucronate, at base subcordate, rounded or broadly cuneate, obtusely 3-lobed (with lobes entire or the cen-tral lobe obtusely 1-dentate at margin of each side), 3-5-nerved, with basal nerves adaxially flat and abaxially prominent, and abaxially with conspicuous nervous nets; petiolules 0.1-3 mm long; petioles 1-4 cm long. Thyrses terminal and axillary, including peduncles 18-22 cm long, corymbiform, 4-5 times branched, multi-flowered, glabrous; peduncles 1-12 cm long; basal bracts foliaceous, 3-5 cm long, upper bracts simple, long elliptic or subulate, 1-3 mm long; pedicels 1.2-6 mm long. Flower glabrous:Sepals 4, membranous, narrowly elliptic, 3-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 mm, with 2-3 longitudinal nerves, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 30; filaments 1.8-3 mm long, above narrowly linear-clavate, 0.15-0.25 mm broad, much narrower than anthers, below filiform, ca. 0.1 mm thick; anthers yellow, oblong, rarely broadly oblong, (0.8-)1 × 0.3-0.45 mm, apex obtuse. Carpels 3-6; ovary ca. 1 mm long; style as long as ovary, apex hook-like, ada-xially on apex with a minute inconspicuous stigma. Young achene bilaterally compressed, narrowly obovate, ca. 2 × 1 mm, glabrous, on each side longitudinally 2-ribbed; persistent style ca. 1 mm long, apex hook-like.
湖南?。℉unan Province):新寧縣,萬豐林場,大水嶺(Xinning Xian, Wanfeng Tree Farm, Dashui-ling), alt. 900 m,山谷溪旁,植物高60~100 cm,萼片先淡紅后淡白色(by stream in valley, plants 60-100 cm tall, sepals first reddish, later turning white),1995-06-10,羅林波(L. B. Luo) 777 (holotype, PE).
本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與爪哇唐松草(Thalictrum javanicum Bl.)相近,區(qū)別為本種的雄蕊花絲上部為狹條狀棒形,比花藥窄,花只有3~6枚心皮。在爪哇唐松草,雄蕊花絲上部倒披針形,比花藥寬,花有8~15枚心皮(王文采,王蜀秀,1979) 。
上列本種模式標(biāo)本曾被鑒定為Thalictrum minus L. var. hypoleucum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. (羅仲春,羅毅波,2008),如上形態(tài)描述所述,此標(biāo)本的雄蕊花絲上部呈狹條狀棒形,下部呈絲形,其心皮的花柱與子房近等長,柱頭不明顯,無翅,而與T. minus var. hypoleucum 明顯不同。在T. minus var. hypoleucum,雄蕊花絲呈絲形,心皮柱頭較大,與子房近等長,呈三角形,在兩側(cè)均有翅(王文采,王蜀秀,1979)。
3. 短蕊唐松草 圖3
Thalictrum brachyandrum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 3.
Habitu species nova haec est simillima T. javanico Bl., a quo caulibus cum petiolis et petiolulis sparse puberulis, staminibus brevioribus 1.8-2.2 mm longis, filamentis filiformibus, antheris multo angustioribus, flore carpellis 4-6 tantum praedito praeclare differt. In T. javanico, caules cum petiolis et petiolulis plerumque glabri, stamina usque ad 5 mm longa, filamenta superne anguste oblanceolata antheris multo latioria, et flos carpellis 8-15 praeditus est.
Perennial herbs. Stems 80-85 cm tall, near base 2.2-3 mm in diam., with petioles and petiolules sparsely puberulous (hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long), 5-6-leaved, above the middle branched, longitudinally and thinly 8-ribbed. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves withered during anthesis, other cauline leaves 3-ternate, shortly petiolate or subsessile; leaflets papery, ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1.6-3 × 1-2.6 cm, at apex acute, at base rounded, subcordate or truncate, 3-lobed (with lobes 1-2-crenate at margin), on both surfaces glabrous, 3- or 5-nerved, basal nerves adaxially flat, abaxially prominent, nervous net abaxially conspicuous; petioles 0.3-5 cm long. at base vaginate. Compound monochasia born from the apexes of stem and branches, 3-7 cm long, three times branched, panicle-like, glabrous; lower bracts ternate, upper bracts simple, small, long elliptic or linear, 1-6 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long. Flower glabrous.:Sepals 4, purplish (according to field notes), unequal in size, 2 smaller, narrowly elliptic, 2 × 1 mm, 3-nerved, at apex rounded-obtuse, 2 larger, broadly oblong or depressed-orbicular, 2 × 1.5-2 mm, 3-4-nerved, at apex rounded. Stamens 40-50, 1.8-2.2 mm long; filaments much narrower than anthers, thickly filiform, 1-1.2 mm long; anthers yellowish, oblong, 0.8-1 mm long, apex obtuse. Carpels 4-6; ovary 1 mm long; style 0.8-1 mm long, straight or at apex hook-shaped, ventrally at apex with a small inconspicuous stigma 0.25 mm long. Achenes sessile, compressed, narrowly elliptic, 2.5-3 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous, on each side with 2 longitudinal ribs; persistent styles ca. 1.2 mm long, apex hook-like.
河南省(Henan Province):商城縣,朝陽洞(Shangcheng Xian, Chaoyangdong),花紫色(fls. purplish), 1984-06-20, 河南植物資源隊(duì)(Henan Pl. Resour. Exped.) D0543 (fl., holotype, PE);同地(same locality),1954,河南植物普查隊(duì)(Henan Pl. Exped.) 1087 (fr., PE).
本種在體態(tài)上與爪哇唐松草(Thalictrum javanicum Bl.)十分相似,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖與葉柄和小葉柄均被短柔毛,雄蕊較短,長1.8~2.2 mm,花絲呈絲形,比花藥窄甚多,花只有4~6枚心皮。在爪哇唐松草,莖和葉柄,小葉葉柄通常無毛,雄蕊長達(dá)5 mm,花絲上部狹倒披針形,比花藥稍寬,下部絲形,花有8~15枚心皮(王文采和王蜀秀,1979)。
4. 毛蕊唐松草 圖4
Thalictrum lasiogynum W. T. Wang, sp. Nov. Fig. 4
Species nova haec est arcte affinis Thalictro przewalskii Maxim., a quo caulibus cum pedicellis puberulis, sepalis superne ciliatis, antheris apice obtusis haud mucronatis, ovariis superne dense puberulis, stylis ovariis brevioribus recedit. In T. przewalskii, caules cum pedicellis glabri, sepala glabra, antherae apice mucronatae, ovaria glabra, et styli ovariis aequilongi sunt.
Perennial herb.Stem ca. 90 cm tall, below unknown, above ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth, sparsely puberulous, on nodes densely puberulous (hairs 0.1-0.25 mm long). Lower leaves unknown; upper cauline leaves nearly sessile, 3-ternate-pinnate; rachis and petiolules filiform, with a few short hairs or subglabrous; blades broadly triangular, 5-8 × 4-8 cm; leaflets papery, elliptic or rhombic, 0.4-1.2 × 0.2-1 cm, at apex slightly acute or obtuse, at base rounded, 3-lobed (with lobes obtusely 1-2-dentate at margin), abaxially glaucous, on both surfaces sparsely puberulous (hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long), 3-nerved, with nervous nets adaxially flat or slightly impressed and abaxially slightly prominent; petiolules 0.5-7 mm long; petioles ca. 2 mm long, broadly auriculate. Thyrses terminal and axillary, including peduncles 12-21 cm long, multi-flowered; peduncles 4.5-8.5 cm long, subglabrous; lower bracts foliaceous, 1-2 cm long, upper bracts simple, subulate, 0.6-1 mm long; pedicels filiform, 5-14 mm long, sparsely puberulous. Flower:Sepals 4, membranous, elliptic or narrowly obovate, slightly unequal in size, 2.5-2.8 × 1-1.2 mm, longitudinally 3-nerved, above ciliate. Stamens ca. 40, glabrous; filaments 5-6 mm long, above narrowly oblanceolate, 0.25-4 mm broad, slightly narrower than or as broad as anthers, below filiform, ca. 0.1 mm thick; anthers yellow, oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.25-0.45 mm, apex obtusee. Carpels 7-11; ovary bilaterally compressed, obliquely and narrowly obovate, 1-1.5 mm long, with a stipe 0.5-0.7 mm long, above densely puberulous; style 0.5-0.7 mm long, subglabrous or with a few short hairs, adaxially on apex with a small inconspicuous stigma 0.2-0.3 mm long. Young achene flattened, semi-orbicular, ca. 1.5 mm long, with a stipe ca. 1.2 mm long, subglabrous, on each side longitudinally 3-ribbed; persistent style ca. 0.6 mm long.
四川?。⊿ichuan Province):平武縣,王朗自然保護(hù)區(qū),白沙溝(Pingwu Xian, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Baishagou), alt. 3 110 m,路邊(at road side), 2008-07-19, 魯麗敏(L. M. Lu) 2008-337 (holotype, PE).
本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與長柄唐松草(Thalictrum przewalskii Maxim.)甚為相近,區(qū)別為本種的莖和花梗均被短柔毛,萼片被緣毛,花藥頂端鈍,不具短尖頭,子房上部密被短柔毛,花柱比子房短。在長柄唐松草,莖和花梗,以及花萼均無毛,花藥頂端有小短尖頭,子房無毛,花柱與子房等長(王文采和王蜀秀,1979)。
5. 小金唐松草 圖5
Thalinctrum xiaojinense W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 5.
Species nova haec est arcte affinis T. leuconoto Franch., a quo foliolis subtus ad nervos hirtellis, staminum filamentis anguste linearibus, antheris apice haud mucronatis, carpellis minoribus tantum 2.4 mm longis, stigmatibus haud alatis differt. In T. leuconoto, foliola glabra, staminum filamenta tantum apice anguste linearia alibi plerumque filiformia, antherae apice mucronibus 0.2 mm longis distincte mucronatae, carpella majora 5.5 mm longa, et stigmata utrinque distincte anguste alata sunt.
Perennial herbs. Stems 80-100 cm tall, near base ca. 3.5 mm in diam., glabrous, above the middle branched. Basal and lower cauline leaves withered du-ring anthesis. Middle and upper cauline leaves 2-3-ternate-pinnate, shortly petiolate; blades triangular in outlines, 4-13 × 4-10 cm, on rachis near petiolule bases sparsely puberulous (hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long); leaflets thinly papery, broadly obovate, broadly ovate, obovate or elliptic, 0.4-1.4 × 0.3-1.3 cm, at apesx rounded or obtuse and often mucronate, at base roun-ded, broadly cuneate or subcordate, 3-lobed (with lobes entire or 1-2-dentate), adaxially glabrous, abaxially on nerves hirtellous (hairs thick, 0.1-0.2 mm long), 3-5-nerved, with basal nerves adaxially flat and abaxially prominent; petiolules 0.5-7 mm long; petioles 1-10 mm long, glabrous, at base vaginate. Compound monochasia terminal, those borne on stem apex ca. 15 cm long, raceme-like, sparsely ca. 6-flowered and those borne on branch apex 4-5 cm long, ca. 2-flowered; bracts foliaceous; pedicels slender, 0.5-2 cm long, glabrous. Flower:Sepals 4, white, elliptic-ovate, 3-3.8 × 1.8 mm, glabrous, longitudinally 3-nerved, apex rounded. Stamens 16-24, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, ca. 4 mm long, above 0.15 mm broad, below 0.1 mm broad; anthers yellow, narrowly oblong, ca. 1.2 × 0.3 mm, apex not mucronate or minutely mucronate (with muctones 0.05-0.1 mm long). Capels 8-10, ca. 2.4 mm long; ovary compressed, narrowly obovate, ca. 1.2 × 0.6-0.8 mm, glabrous, base with short stipe 0.2 mm long; style 1-1.2 mm long, glabrous; stigma narrowly oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.2-0.25 mm, not winged.
四川?。⊿ichuan Province):Xiaojin Xian, NE of Xiaojin City, on road to pass over Jiajin Shan, 30°52′28″ N, 102°37′53″ E; alt. 3 350-3 400 m. Remnant Abies forest with Salix, Rosa, large Rhododentron, Berberis. Moist, Sphagnum abundant. Mossy slope in shade. Plant to 1 m tall; sepals creamy white; filaments creamy white; anthers yellow. 2007-07-28. D. E. Boufford, K. Fujikawa, S. L. Kelley, R. H. Ree, B. Xu, D. C. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, T. C. Zhang & D. Zhu 38515 (holotype, PE).
本種在親緣關(guān)系上與白莖唐松草(Thalictrum leuconotum Franch.)甚為相近,區(qū)別在于本種的小葉背面被微硬毛,雄蕊花絲呈狹條形,花藥不具短尖頭或具極小的短尖頭(長0.05~0.1 mm),心皮較小,長只2.4 mm,柱頭無翅。在白莖唐松草,小葉無毛,雄蕊花絲只在頂部呈狹條形,其他大部呈絲形,花藥頂端具0.2 mm長的明顯短尖頭,心皮較大,長5.5 mm,柱頭兩側(cè)均具明顯的狹翅(王文采,王蜀秀,1979)。
致謝 深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪制的精彩插圖。
參考文獻(xiàn):
LUO ZC, LUO YB, 2008. Thalictrum [M]//Plants of Xinning. Beijing:China Forestry Press:142. [羅仲春,羅毅波, 2008. 唐松草屬[M]//新寧植物. 北京:中國林業(yè)出版社:142.]
WANG WT, WANG SH, 1979. Thalictum[M]//Flora Reipubicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing:Science Press, 27:502-592. [王文采,王蜀秀, 1979. Thalictrum [M]//中國植物志. 北京:科學(xué)出版社, 27:502-592.]