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      “現在分詞作狀語”精講精練

      2017-06-07 12:52:38任杰
      校園英語·下旬 2017年4期
      關鍵詞:考點狀語

      任杰

      錦州市教師進修學院

      【摘要】本文重點研究動詞的-ing形式做狀語,即現在分詞做狀語的高考熱點問題。通過精講精練,使學生夯實基礎,熟練掌握,靈活運用。

      【關鍵詞】現在分詞 狀語 考點

      【熱身訓練】

      閱讀下列各句,在空白處填入括號內單詞的適當形式。

      1. Four people entered the room _______(look)around in a curious way.

      2. ________(Listen)to English every day,youll learn it well step by step.

      3. _______(Live)miles away,he attended the course.

      4. ________(Judge)from his accent,he must be a native Beijing.

      5. Not _______(know)her address,I cant write to her.

      6. When _______(hear)the news,he got frightened.

      7. There is mud and water everywhere,_______(make)it difficult to travel from place to place.

      8. _______(Work)so hard,he failed again.

      9. _______(Take)the path that leads out of the town,you will come to a lake

      10. Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus ________(cause)the delay

      11. _______(Hear)their teachers voice,the pupils stopped talking at once

      12._______(Be)a teacher,you should help your students in every way.

      13. (2015,福建)In recent years an English word “infosphere ” has appeared,___________________(combine) “information” and “atmosphere”.)

      14. (2015,湖南)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,_______(wonder)whether to stay or leave.

      15. (2015,重慶)Iike ancient sailors,birds can find their way_______(use)the sun and the stars.

      現在分詞作狀語小結

      考點一:考查現在分詞作時間狀語

      1.分詞動作一經發(fā)生,謂語動作緊隨發(fā)生,這時用現在分詞的一般式作時間狀語,其邏輯主語為句中的主語。常用的動詞,如:hear,see,arrive,return,get to,look,open,close,leave,turn around,walk等,表示一個極短暫動作。這種情況可以用on+動名詞表示相同的意思。譯作“一(剛)……就……”;也可以用when引導的時間狀語從句表達,該從句的動詞多用一般過去時。如:

      Hearing their teachers voice,the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teachers voice… = When they heard their teachers voice,the pupils…)一聽到教師的聲音,學生們立即停止講話。

      2.謂語動作發(fā)生在分詞所表示的動作過程之中,則用when/while+現在分詞的一般式,分詞的邏輯主語為句中的主語。此種情況可以用in+動名詞的一般式代替。也可以使用when、while引導的時間狀語從句,該從句的謂語動詞用進行時態(tài)。如:

      Dont be careless when /while having an exam. = Dont be careless in having an exam. = Dont be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考試時不要粗心。

      【溫馨提示】此結構中,不能用其他連接詞替換when或while。

      3.分詞所表示的動作完成之后,謂語動作才發(fā)生,則要現在分詞的完成式,即having done的形式。分詞的邏輯主語應是句中的主語。可以用after+動名詞的一般式表示。也可以用after /when引導的時間狀語從句來替換,該從句的謂語動詞用過去完成式。如:

      Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

      After having finished his homework,the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

      After/when he had finished his homework,the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

      考點二:考查現在分詞作原因狀語

      1.分詞短語在句中作原因狀語時,相當于一個原因狀語從句。與時間狀語一樣,也要注意分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作的先后關系。當分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生時,用分詞的一般形式。此時分詞的邏輯主語須是句中的主語。這樣的原因狀語可以換成because,as引導的原因狀語,該從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。如:

      Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.

      因為不知道如何解這道物理難題,他求助老師。

      Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked…h(huán)elp.

      2.當分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,可以用現在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語,其邏輯主語須為句中的主語,該短語的作用相當于一個原因狀語從句。該從句的謂語動詞須用完成時。如:

      Having lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.

      Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.因為與那個女孩一起生活了五年,我們都非常了解她。

      考點三:考查現在分詞作條件狀語

      現在分詞短語作條件狀語,其邏輯主語須為句中的主語,該短語相當于一個條件狀語從句。如:

      Working hard,youll succeed.

      If you work hard,youll succeed. 如果你努力工作,你會成功的。

      Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.

      If you turn to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.如果轉向左邊,你將找到通向公園的小道。

      考點四:考查現在分詞作讓步狀語

      現在分詞短語在句中作讓步狀語時,相當于一個讓步狀語從句,且分詞的邏輯主語是句中的主語。有時現在分詞前可以帶有連接詞although,whether,even if,even though。如:

      Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.

      Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin,it was moved by him alone. 雖然那塊石頭重將近一百斤,他一個人就把它挪動了。

      考點五:考查現在分詞作結果狀語

      現在分詞短語在句中作結果狀語,它的邏輯主語是句中的主語,該短語相當于一個結果狀語從句;通常位于句末,中間有逗號。有時為了加強語氣,就在分詞前加thus。如:

      Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.

      Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus it caused the delay. 他們的車遇上交通阻塞,因而耽誤了。

      考點六:考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語

      現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語是比較常見的。它用來說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。一般情況下,現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,它的邏輯主語就是句中的主語,謂語動詞作為主要動作,而現在分詞表示一個陪襯動作,它沒有相應的狀語從句可以轉換,但可以用并列句來轉換。如:

      The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.

      The children laughed and talked merrily,and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子們跑出房間,愉快地笑著、說著。

      考點七:考查現在分詞作方式狀語

      He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。

      考點八:考查現在分詞作獨立成分

      Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor. 從外表判斷,他一定是演員。

      Generally speaking,the parks are full on holidays. 一般來說,公園假日里擠滿人。

      Keys:

      1. looking(伴隨狀語)

      2. Listening(條件狀語)

      3. Living(讓步狀語)

      4. Judging(獨立成分)

      5. knowing(原因狀語)

      6. hearing(時間狀語)

      7. making(結果狀語)

      8. Working(方式狀語)

      9. Taking(條件狀語)

      10. causing(結果狀語)

      11. Hearing(時間狀語)

      12. Being(原因狀語)

      13.(2015,福建)combining(方式狀語)

      14.(2015,湖南)wondering(伴隨狀語)

      15.(2015,重慶)using(伴隨狀語)

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