By+Catherine+McNiff
Not to be confused with the comparatively "ancient" emoticon1), the emoji—from the Japanese: "e" ("picture") and "moji" ("character")—is a modern phenomenon.
Emoji這個詞源自日語,“e”指“圖形”,“moji”指“字符”。千萬不要把表情符(emoji)和較為“古老”的表情符號(emoticon)混為一談,它可是現(xiàn)代才有的現(xiàn)象。
Gifts from the East
Born in the late 1990s, the smiling, happy face first began popping up around the turn of the 21st century with the launch of the i-mode2) mobile internet platform in Japan. The proud father was Shigetaka Kurita, who had only a month to come up with 180 of the visual references. He went out into the city to observe how people interacted with each other, expressed emotion, and responded to existing miniature pictorial3) representations such as simplistic weather icons. According to Kurita, inspiration for the first emojis came from two sources. The first was manga4), a Japanese comic book or graphic novel, and more specifically, manpu, the symbols used to express certain situations, expressions or emotions only in manga. The second was the pictogram5), a set of universal symbols used to convey information or alert the public.
Instant Gratification6)
Being able to express oneself—including real-time emotion—quickly and efficiently in digital text could be described as a basic human need of our modern world. Emojis help satisfy this fundamental requirement in a fun and quirky7) way. It is no surprise that the Japanese, with their historical foundation of ideograms8), took to the new communication tool quickly. Due to differences in hardware development, it took more than a decade for the emoji to make serious inroads into9) the rest of the world, but it would appear that these diminutives10) are here to stay11). When asked to comment on the emoji's increasing use and popularity, Kurita expressed his enthusiasm: "I wish everyone around the world would enjoy using emoji!"
對很多人來說,表情符是一個熟悉的陌生人。雖然我們經(jīng)常使用,雖然我們愛不釋手,但對于這些席卷全球的符號,很多人可能都是一知半解甚至一無所知。是誰創(chuàng)造了它們?它們又是如何火遍全球的?讓我們一起走近這些會哭會笑的表情符,
去聽聽它們的故事。
來自東方的禮物
這個快樂的笑臉誕生于20世紀90年代末,隨著日本i-mode移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺的發(fā)布,在跨入21世紀之際首次躍入大眾的眼簾。而創(chuàng)造這個表情符的正是以之為傲的栗田穰崇,他只用了一個月的時間就設計出了180個栩栩如生的圖形符號。他走出家門在城里觀察人們?nèi)绾蜗嗷贤?、表達情感,以及他們在看到已有的諸如簡化的天氣圖標這樣的微小圖像時會有什么反應。據(jù)穰崇說,首批表情符的設計靈感來源于兩樣東西。第一個是漫畫,就是日本的那種連環(huán)畫或者漫畫小說,更確切地說是來自于漫畫標記,就是那種只在漫畫中使用的表示特定場景、表情或情緒的符號。第二個是象形圖畫,這是一套用于傳遞信息或引起公眾注意的全球通用符號。
即時滿足
能夠用數(shù)字信息迅速且有效地表達自己(包括實時的情感),可謂我們當今世界人們的基本需求。表情符以一種有趣且獨特的方式滿足了人們的這種基本需求。難怪日本這個有著表意符號歷史底蘊的國家會迅速投入到對這種新興交流工具的開發(fā)中。由于在硬件開發(fā)上存在差異,表情符用了十多年的時間才真正進入世界上的其他地方,但看起來這些小可愛們自此就深入人心。表情符使用越來越廣泛,也越來越受人們喜歡,在被問及對此有何看法時,穰崇表達了他的興奮之情:“我希望世上的每一個人都會喜歡使用表情符!”
The Timeline of the Emojis
In the timeline below, discover the history of the well-loved miniature icons.
1999
Limited emojis are available on Japanese mobile phones.
2000
Emojis are included in the release of the i-mode mobile internet platform in Japan.
2006
Google began to convert Japanese emojis to Unicode12) private-use codes, which enables emojis to work on different mobile operating systems. .
2009
The first Unicode characters explicitly13) intended as emoji are added to Unicode 5.2. The majority of the characters come directly from emoji characters used by Japanese mobile phone carriers. Google adds emojis to Gmail.
2010
Unicode 6.0 is the largest release of emojis yet, with 994 extremely small characters including emotions, a pile of poo, families, hearts, animals, clothes, food, city images, clocks and country flags. The emojis begin to pop up on smartphones around the world.
2012
A lucky 13 more round-headed emojis are added to Unicode 6.1.
2014
With Unicode 7.0, more than 100 new diminutives are added, including a tornado, a deserted island and a private eye.
2015
With the addition of Unicode 8.0, the complete emoji library stands at 1,281 characters. The "Face with Tears of Joy" emoji wins the title of "Word of the Year"—the first time a non-word has won top honors. Oxford Dictionaries felt the pictogram "best reflected the ethos14), mood and preoccupations15) of 2015".
2017
The Emojis Movie by Sony Pictures Animation is due for release this summer. Sony won the rights in July 2015 in a deal reportedly worth almost seven figures, with cowriters Eric Siegel and Anthony Leondis (director of Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters), directing.
表情符大事記
下面就是表情符的大事記,一起來看看這些深受大家喜愛的小圖標的發(fā)展史吧。
1999
部分表情符可在日本生產(chǎn)的手機上使用。
2000
包括表情符在內(nèi)的i-mode移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺在日本發(fā)布。
2006
谷歌公司開始將日本的表情符轉(zhuǎn)化為Unicode格式的專用代碼,這讓表情符得以在不同的移動操作系統(tǒng)中都可以使用。
2009
第一批明確用作表情符的Unicode字符被收錄在Unicode 5.2版本中。大多數(shù)字符直接來自于曾被日本手機用戶使用的表情符圖標。同年,谷歌公司將表情符加入谷歌郵箱中。
2010
Unicode 6.0版本是迄今為止表情符發(fā)布數(shù)量最多的一回,當時發(fā)布了994個小圖標,包括各種表情、一堆便便、家庭成員、愛心、動物、衣服、食物、城市圖像、鐘表以及各國國旗。接著,表情符開始出現(xiàn)在全球各地的智能手機上。
2012
有13個圓臉表情符幸運地加入到了Unicode 6.1版本中。
2014
在Unicode 7.0版本中,新增了包括龍卷風、荒島和私家偵探在內(nèi)的100多個小圖標。
2015
加上Unicode 8.0新增的符號,整個表情符家族壯大到1281個字符。同年,“笑哭”表情符被評為“年度詞匯”,這是首次由一個非文字符號獲此殊榮。牛津詞典認為這個圖形符號“最好地體現(xiàn)了2015年的精神、情感和思想”。
2017
今年夏天,索尼影視動畫公司將發(fā)行《表情奇幻冒險》一片。2015年7月,索尼動畫在一筆交易中贏得了該片的版權(quán),據(jù)報道花了將近七位數(shù)。該片由埃里克·西格爾和安東尼·萊昂迪斯(《功夫熊貓:師父的秘密》的導演)共同編劇,并由萊昂迪斯執(zhí)導。
5. pictogram [?p?kt?ɡr?m] n. 象形圖畫
6. gratification
[?ɡr?t?f??ke??n] n. 滿足,滿意
7. quirky [?kw??ki] adj. 古怪的,獨特的
8. ideogram [??di?ɡr?m] n. (漢字等)表意文字;表意符號
9. make inroads into: 取得進展;打入。inroad [??nr??d] n. 得手,進展
10. diminutive [d??m?nj?t?v] n. 微小的人(或物)
11. be here to stay: 得到公認,深入人心
12. Unicode: 統(tǒng)一碼,是計算機科學領(lǐng)域里的一項業(yè)界標準,也是國際組織制定的可以容納世界上所有文字和符號的字符編碼方案,能為大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代計算機系統(tǒng)所兼容。
13. explicitly [?k?spl?s?tli] adv. 清楚明白地;明確地
14. ethos [?i?θ?s] n. (個人或團體的)精神特質(zhì),價值觀,信條
15. preoccupation
[pri??kju?pe??n] n. (時常想的)想法;事情