李廣偉,陳秀琳,尚天翠,姚付龍
(伊犁師范學(xué)院生物與地理科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆伊寧 835000)
光肩星天牛氣味結(jié)合蛋白AglaOBP1的克隆、表達(dá)及結(jié)合特性
李廣偉*,陳秀琳,尚天翠,姚付龍
(伊犁師范學(xué)院生物與地理科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆伊寧 835000)
利用RT-PCR技術(shù)克隆了光肩星天牛AnoplophoraglabripennisMotschulsky氣味結(jié)合蛋白(odorant binding proteins,OBPs)基因AglaOBP1(GenBank登錄號(hào):KX660670),AglaOBP1的開放閱讀框長(zhǎng)435 bp,編碼144個(gè)氨基酸,其中N端有21個(gè)氨基酸組成的信號(hào)肽序列,成熟蛋白序列具有4個(gè)保守的半胱氨酸殘基,AglaOPB1屬于Minus-C OBP亞家族基因。AglaOBP1主要在成蟲觸角中表達(dá),且雌蟲觸角中的表達(dá)量顯著高于雄蟲觸角。重組蛋白AglaOBP1與34種氣味配體的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,AglaOBP1具有廣泛的結(jié)合譜,能與五角楓揮發(fā)物中的醇類、醛類、萜烯類和酮類物質(zhì)結(jié)合,其中與順-3-己烯-1-醇、順-2-己烯-1-醇、1-己醇、反-2-己烯醛、反-2-癸烯醛、β-石竹烯、(+)-檜烯、α-蒎烯、1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-乙酮的結(jié)合能力較強(qiáng),結(jié)合常數(shù)分別為5.88、8.33、12.29、12.55、11.90、7.47、9.07、10.29和13.12 μM。此外,配體的官能團(tuán)、碳鏈長(zhǎng)度、空間構(gòu)型也影響AglaOBP1對(duì)氣味分子的結(jié)合。AglaOBP1基因在成蟲觸角中高豐度表達(dá),其重組蛋白能夠與五角楓揮發(fā)物的多種組分結(jié)合,表明AglaOBP1在成蟲寄主定位選擇中起重要作用。
光肩星天牛;氣味結(jié)合蛋白;嗅覺;熒光競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn);揮發(fā)物
氣味結(jié)合蛋白(odorant binding proteins,OBPs)是由嗅覺感受神經(jīng)元(olfactory receptor neurons)周圍的副衛(wèi)細(xì)胞分泌的一類小分子量的水溶性胞外蛋白。越來越多的研究者認(rèn)為昆蟲OBPs在選擇性地識(shí)別和運(yùn)輸氣味分子中起著重要作用,OBPs是嗅覺信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)途徑中的第一類關(guān)鍵蛋白(Klein, 1987; Van den Bergetal., 1991; Kriegeretal., 2002; Xuetal., 2005; Laughlinetal., 2008)。根據(jù)氨基酸序列中半胱氨酸殘基的數(shù)量,將昆蟲OBPs分為Classical OBPs、Minus-C OBPs和Plus-C OBPs三類(Hekmat-Scafeetal., 2002)。目前,對(duì)鞘翅目昆蟲OBPs的研究主要集中在嗅覺相關(guān)基因的鑒定、組織表達(dá)分析及進(jìn)化關(guān)系方面(Lietal., 2015; Liuetal., 2015; Huetal., 2016),對(duì)OBPs識(shí)別、運(yùn)輸、釋放和降解氣味分子的機(jī)制研究相對(duì)較少。與鱗翅目昆蟲相比,鞘翅目昆蟲OBPs基因家族組成中Minus-C OBPs所占比例較大,探究Minus-C OBPs的生理功能對(duì)解析鞘翅目昆蟲的嗅覺識(shí)別機(jī)制至關(guān)重要。熒光競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)是測(cè)定OBPs結(jié)合氣味分子能力的典型方法,以N-苯基-1-萘胺(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine,1-NPN)為熒光探針,已測(cè)定了如鱗翅目、膜翅目、半翅目、直翅目、雙翅目、鞘翅目等多個(gè)目約200多種昆蟲OBPs的結(jié)合功能(Zhouetal., 2004; Gongetal., 2007; Vandermotenetal., 2011; Zhangetal., 2011; Dengetal., 2012)。
光肩星天牛AnoplophoraglabripennisMotschulsky是我國(guó)林木上重要的一種毀滅性蛀干害蟲,國(guó)內(nèi)主要分布于甘肅、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、山西、河南、河北、遼寧等省區(qū)。自2002年在新疆伊寧市發(fā)現(xiàn)光肩星天牛危害以來,已對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐闹饕獦浞N如楊、柳、槭、榆、五角楓等造成嚴(yán)重的危害。光肩星天牛以幼蟲營(yíng)鉆蛀危害,生活隱蔽,化學(xué)防治效果較差。面對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的防控壓力,探索防治光肩星天牛的新方法、新技術(shù)是目前亟待解決的難題(王愛靜等,2010)。光肩星天牛雖然寄主廣泛,但成蟲對(duì)寄主植物有明顯的取食和產(chǎn)卵偏好,如明顯喜好取食五角楓的嫩梢,更偏好在旱柳枝干上產(chǎn)卵,靈敏的嗅覺系統(tǒng)在成蟲寄主定位、產(chǎn)卵場(chǎng)所選擇中起著及其重要的作用(張風(fēng)娟,2006)。前人已對(duì)光肩星天牛幾種主要寄主植物揮發(fā)物的組成進(jìn)行了鑒定,初步獲得了對(duì)成蟲有電生理活性和行為活性的組分(李建光,2001;金幼菊等,2004;張風(fēng)娟,2006;杜和芬等,2016),同時(shí)也對(duì)光肩星天牛成蟲觸角中的相關(guān)基因進(jìn)行了鑒定(Huetal., 2016)。本文以光肩星天牛成蟲嗜食寄主五角楓的主要揮發(fā)物為氣味配體,通過測(cè)定重組蛋白AglaOBP1與氣味配體的結(jié)合能力,探索AglaOBP1在光肩星天牛嗅覺通訊系統(tǒng)中的生理功能。
1.1 供試?yán)ハx
供試蟲源采自新疆伊寧市,寄主植物為市區(qū)綠化樹種五角楓。將光肩星天牛幼蟲危害的五角楓枝條截至50-80 cm長(zhǎng)的短枝,裝入紗網(wǎng)(30目)系緊袋口并噴水保濕,待成蟲羽化后將雌雄分開并飼喂五角楓嫩枝補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)。成蟲置于人工氣候箱內(nèi)飼養(yǎng),溫度26℃±1℃,相對(duì)濕度40%-60%,光周期15 ∶9(L ∶D)。
1.2 主要試劑和儀器
1.2.1主要試劑
RNAiso Plus、Ex Taq酶、反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、熒光定量試劑盒SYBRRPremix Ex TaqTMII (Tli RNaseH Plus)、DNA 2000 Marker、低分子量蛋白Marker、克隆載體pMD?19-T、限制性內(nèi)切酶EcoR I和Hind III購自TaKaRa公司;膠回收試劑盒、質(zhì)粒提取試劑盒購自O(shè)mega公司;表達(dá)載體pET28a(+)、感受態(tài)細(xì)胞DH5α和BL21(DE3)購自全式金生物科技有限責(zé)任公司;Ni-NTA His·Bind Resin純化樹脂購自七海復(fù)泰生物科技有限公司;熒光探針1-NPN購自TCI,其他試劑均為分析純。
1.2.2主要儀器
PCR儀(GeneAmp PCR system 9700,Gene limited company);實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(iQ5,Bio-Rad);熒光分光光度計(jì)(日立F-4500,日本經(jīng)營(yíng)電子電器有限公司);核酸蛋白濃度測(cè)定儀(SimpliNano,GE);全波長(zhǎng)酶標(biāo)儀(Bio-Tek,Biotek公司)。
1.3RNA提取及cDNA第一鏈合成
為測(cè)定氣味結(jié)合蛋白基因的組織表達(dá)譜,收集5日齡雌雄成蟲的不同組織(觸角、頭、胸、腹、足和翅)。其中觸角、翅和足各20對(duì),頭和胸各10枚,腹5枚,每個(gè)樣品重復(fù)3次。將收集的樣品立即置于用液氮冷卻的小型研缽中研磨,參照Trizol法提取樣品的總RNA,RNA濃度及OD260/OD280值用核酸蛋白濃度測(cè)定儀測(cè)定,RNA的完整性用1.0%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。將質(zhì)量合格的總RNA用DNase I去除基因組DNA后用Oligo(dT)18引物和MMLV反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶合成第一鏈cDNA,-80℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.4 PCR擴(kuò)增
以光肩星天牛觸角cDNA為模板,根據(jù)觸角轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序注釋獲得的候選AglaOBP1基因序列設(shè)計(jì)特異性引物擴(kuò)增編碼區(qū)(見表1)。PCR反應(yīng)體系:10×Ex Taq Buffer 2.5 μL,dNTP(10 mM)0.5 μL,MgCl2(25 mM)2 μL,正向引物(10 mM)1 μL,反向引物(10 mM)1 μL,cDNA模板1 μL,Ex Taq 0.3 μL,ddH2O 16.7 μL。PCR擴(kuò)增條件:95℃預(yù)變性5 min;95℃變性30 s,58℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s,PCR循環(huán)數(shù)35個(gè);72℃延伸10 min,PCR產(chǎn)物用1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳進(jìn)行檢測(cè),將目的片段純化后與克隆載體pMD?19-T連接,涂板培養(yǎng)后隨機(jī)選擇5個(gè)陽性質(zhì)粒菌液測(cè)序驗(yàn)證。
表1 PCR擴(kuò)增和原核表達(dá)AglaOBP1基因所用引物
1.5 序列分析
利用在線程序Open Reading Frame Finder(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html)預(yù)測(cè)OBP基因的開放閱讀框(ORF);SignalP 4.1 Server(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/)預(yù)測(cè)信號(hào)肽序列;Primer premier 5軟件翻譯蛋白質(zhì)序列,在線軟件Expasy(http://web.expasy. org/protparam/)分析蛋白的理化性質(zhì),采用ClustalX 1.8.3進(jìn)行序列同源比對(duì)。
1.6 AglaOBP1基因組織表達(dá)譜分析
利用qRT-PCR測(cè)定AglaOBP1基因在不同組織中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,以Aglaactin1基因(登錄號(hào):KX660673)為內(nèi)參,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR所用的特異性引物見表1。反應(yīng)體系:SYBRRPremix Ex TaqTMII(2×)10 μL,PCR正向引物(10 μmol/L)0.5 μL,PCR反向引物(10 μmol/L)0.5 μL,cDNA模板2.0 μL,ddH2O水補(bǔ)足至20 μL。利用試劑盒說明書推薦的兩步法進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增:95℃預(yù)變性30 s;95℃ 10 s,61℃ 30 s,共40個(gè)循環(huán)。反應(yīng)后進(jìn)行熔解曲線分析,以排除非特異性PCR產(chǎn)物的污染,空白對(duì)照模板以超純水代替cDNA,每個(gè)樣品3次生物學(xué)重復(fù)和3次技術(shù)重復(fù),利用2-△△Ct法計(jì)算AglaOBP1在不同組織中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,AglaOBP1在雌、雄蟲中表達(dá)量的差異顯著性用t檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)。
1.7 AglaOBP1的原核表達(dá)及蛋白純化
根據(jù)光肩星天牛AglaOBP1的編碼序列及表達(dá)載體pET28a(+)設(shè)計(jì)帶有限制性酶切位點(diǎn)的特異性引物(見表1)。以雌蟲觸角cDNA為模板進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,將擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物純化、回收后連接至克隆載體pMD?19-T并轉(zhuǎn)化DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞。將測(cè)序正確的陽性重組質(zhì)粒pMD?19-T/AglaOBP1和表達(dá)載體pET28a(+)分別進(jìn)行酶切,并將目的片段與pET28a(+)表達(dá)載體相連接,測(cè)序驗(yàn)證后將重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1轉(zhuǎn)入BL21(DE3)感受態(tài)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行表達(dá)。原核表達(dá),蛋白變性、復(fù)性和純化參照Li等(2016)的方法進(jìn)行。純化的重組蛋白經(jīng)透析、超濾濃縮、BCA法測(cè)定濃度后,加入終濃度1 mM DTT和40%甘油后在-20℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.8 重組AglaOBP1與氣味配體的結(jié)合能力測(cè)定
(1)測(cè)定重組蛋白AglaOBP1與熒光探針1-NPN的結(jié)合常數(shù)。將低溫凍存的AglaOBP1蛋白溶液用20 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4)緩沖液稀釋至2 μM的測(cè)試濃度,1-NPN用色譜級(jí)甲醇溶解至1 mM的儲(chǔ)存液。然后向2 μM的蛋白溶液中依次加入1-NPN儲(chǔ)存液,使其終濃度以2 μM的梯度增加,直至蛋白與1-NPN的結(jié)合達(dá)到飽和,分別記錄每個(gè)梯度下產(chǎn)生的最大熒光強(qiáng)度值。采用Prism軟件及Scatchard方程計(jì)算重組蛋白與1-NPN探針的結(jié)合常數(shù)(K1-NPN)。
(2)測(cè)定重組蛋白AglaOBP1和氣味配體的解離常數(shù)。向2 μM的重組蛋白AglaOBP1溶液中加入1-NPN至濃度為2 μM,在相同的激發(fā)光、發(fā)射光狹縫寬度(均為10 nm)和波長(zhǎng)下記錄激發(fā)的最大熒光強(qiáng)度值,再以2,4,6,8,12,16,20,24和28 μM的濃度梯度加入氣味配體,記錄熒光強(qiáng)度值的下降情況。當(dāng)熒光強(qiáng)度值減弱至初始熒光值的一半時(shí)所添加的氣味濃度即為熒光強(qiáng)度中濃度(IC50)。蛋白與氣味配體的解離常數(shù)由方程:Ki=[IC50]/(1+[1-NPN]/K1-NPN)計(jì)算得出,其中[1-NPN]表示與重組蛋白未結(jié)合的1-NPN的濃度,K1-NPN表示1-NPN與重組蛋白的結(jié)合常數(shù)。
2.1 AglaOBP1基因的克隆及序列分析
對(duì)光肩星天牛觸角轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序、注釋獲得的候選氣味結(jié)合蛋白基因AglaOBP1進(jìn)行克隆,通過DNA測(cè)序校正了轉(zhuǎn)錄本組裝及拼接中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤堿基,最終獲得了該基因的完整編碼序列,并將基因序列提交至NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫,GeneBank登錄號(hào)為:KX660670。AglaOBP1的開放閱讀框長(zhǎng)435 bp,編碼144個(gè)氨基酸,N-端有21個(gè)氨基酸組成的信號(hào)肽序列(圖1),AglaOBP1預(yù)測(cè)的分子量為15.99 kDa,等電點(diǎn)4.76。
圖1 AglaOBP1的核苷酸序列和推導(dǎo)的氨基酸序列Fig.1 Nucleotide sequences and deduced aa sequences of AglaOBP1注:起始密碼子和終止密碼子用方框表示,預(yù)測(cè)的信號(hào)肽用下劃線表示,4個(gè)保守的半胱氨酸殘基用藍(lán)色底紋的圓圈表示。Note: The initiation and termination codons are indicated in boxes, the predicted signal peptide at the N-terminus is underlined, and the four conserved cysteine are marked by a circle with a blue background.
2.2 AglaOBP1多序列比對(duì)分析
選取光肩星天牛相同科內(nèi)物種云斑天牛Batocerahorsfieldi、松墨天牛Monochamusalternatus及其他遠(yuǎn)緣物種棕櫚象甲R(shí)hynchophoruspalmarum、大猿葉甲Colaphellusbowringi、山松大小蠹Dendroctonusponderosae、苜蓿盲蝽Adelphocorislineolatus、中黑盲蝽Adelphocorissuturalis、綠盲蝽Apolyguslucorum和蘋果巢蛾ArgyresthiaconjugellaOBP的氨基酸序列進(jìn)行比對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn),AglaOBP1具有4個(gè)保守的半胱氨酸殘基,第2、5位的半胱氨酸分別被蘇氨酸和谷氨酸所取代(圖2),在序列結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于Minus-C OBP亞家族基因,保守半胱氨酸殘基的分布符合C1-X30-S-X3-C3-X37-C4-X10-E-X8-C6的特征。以AglaOBP1的核苷酸序列為Query序列,Blastx搜索發(fā)現(xiàn)AglaOBP1與松墨天牛OBP12(MaltOBP12)的序列相似度最高,達(dá)74.0%;與MaltOBP1和MaltOBP22的相似度次之,分別達(dá)42.0%和46.0%。與其他昆蟲OBPs的相似性較低,均低于40%。
2.3 AglaOBP1基因的組織表達(dá)分析
以光肩星天牛Actin1基因?yàn)閮?nèi)參,雌、雄蟲腹部的表達(dá)量為參照,qRT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,AglaOBP1在成蟲不同組織中均有表達(dá),但在觸角中的表達(dá)量最高,顯著高于其他組織(P<0.05)(圖3)。AglaOBP1在雌蟲觸角中的表達(dá)量分別是頭、胸、腹、足和翅表達(dá)量的3.92、17.80、4.07、89.18和68.87倍。AglaOBP1在雌蟲觸角、頭部的表達(dá)量明顯高于雄蟲(P<0.05)。鑒于AglaOBP1在成蟲主要的嗅覺器官觸角中高豐度表達(dá),推測(cè)其主要的生理功能與感受、識(shí)別信息化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)。
圖2 AglaOBP1與其他昆蟲OBPs的多序列比對(duì)Fig.2 Sequence alignment of OBPs form Anoplophora glabripennis and other insects
圖3 qRT-PCR分析AglaOBP1在成蟲不同組織中的表達(dá)Fig.3 qRT-PCR analysis of AglaOBP1 expressed in different tissues注:*表示同一組織之間雌雄蟲的表達(dá)量差異達(dá)到顯著水平。Note: *Indicated significant difference in expression level of AglaOBP1 in the same tissues of both sexes.
2.4 AglaOBP1重組蛋白的表達(dá)及純化
利用帶限制性酶切位點(diǎn)的特異性引物成功擴(kuò)增到去信號(hào)肽的AglaOBP1編碼區(qū)序列(圖4 A),然后轉(zhuǎn)化連接到pMD?119-T克隆載體,并分別利用酶切和DNA測(cè)序得到驗(yàn)證(圖4 B),將目的片段與表達(dá)載體pET28a(+)連接后成功轉(zhuǎn)入BL21感受態(tài)細(xì)胞并進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),通過優(yōu)化蛋白表達(dá)條件(IPTG濃度、誘導(dǎo)溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速、培養(yǎng)瓶體積)后經(jīng)SDS-PAGE檢測(cè)表明重組蛋白始終以包涵體的形式存在。通過鹽酸胍變性,胱氨酸、半胱氨酸及稀釋復(fù)性后獲得了有生物活性的可溶蛋白,經(jīng)親和層析柱純化后,獲得大小約16 kDa的單一蛋白條帶(圖5),BCA法測(cè)定重組蛋白的濃度為0.87 mg/mL。
2.5 AglaOBP1與氣味配體的結(jié)合能力
重組AglaOBP1蛋白溶液自身無明顯的熒光現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)以2 μM濃度梯度的1-NPN滴定稀釋后的蛋白溶液時(shí),蛋白溶液在410 nm左右產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的熒光現(xiàn)象。隨著1-NPN濃度的不斷增大,熒光強(qiáng)度值的增幅逐漸減小,最終激發(fā)熒光達(dá)到峰值后不再變化,蛋白溶液與1-NPN呈現(xiàn)出飽和效應(yīng)。以1-NPN濃度及對(duì)應(yīng)的最大熒光強(qiáng)度值進(jìn)行非線性回歸分析,計(jì)算出重組蛋白AglaOBP1與1-NPN的結(jié)合常數(shù)為7.65 μM(圖6)。
圖4 AglaOBP1基因擴(kuò)增及克隆質(zhì)粒的酶切鑒定Fig.4 PCR amplification of AglaOBP1 gene and digestion analysis of clone plasmidA,AglaOBP1基因去信號(hào)肽的編碼區(qū)擴(kuò)增;B,克隆質(zhì)粒pMD?19-T/AglaOBP1的酶切鑒定。A, PCR amplification of AglaOBP1 gene without signal peptide sequence; B, Digestion analysis of clone plasmid pMD?19-T/AglaOBP1 with restriction enzyme.
圖5 重組蛋白AglaOBP1誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的SDS-PAGE分析Fig.5 SDS-PAGE electrophoretic analysis of expressed recombine AglaOBP1注:M,蛋白分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1,未誘導(dǎo)的pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1復(fù)合物;2,誘導(dǎo)的pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1重組蛋白;3,pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1重組蛋白上清;4,pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1重組蛋白包涵體;5,純化的pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1重組蛋白。Note: M, Standard protein marker; 1, Noninduced pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1; 2, Induced pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1; 3, Supernatant of the induced pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1; 4, Inclusion body of induced pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1; 5, The purified protein of pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1.
圖6 AglaOBP1/1-NPN的結(jié)合曲線及Scatchqrd方程Fig.6 Binding curves of 1-NPN and relative Scatchard plots for recombinant AglaOBP1
圖7 重組AglaOBP1與五角楓主要植物揮發(fā)物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合曲線Fig.7 The competitive binding curves of AglaOBP1 to host plant volatiles
氣味配體Ligands分子量Molecularweight分子式Formula純度(%)PurityIC50(μM)Ki(μM)醇類Alcohols順?3?己烯?1?醇Cis?3?Hexen?1?ol10016C6H12O980(AR)665588順?2?己烯?1?醇cis?2?Hexen?1?ol10016C6H12O>920(GC)9428331?己醇1?Hexanol10218C6H14O>980(AR)13901229α?松油醇α?Terpineol15425C10H18O980(AR)27562437芳樟醇Linalool15425C10H18O>980(GC)16781484葉綠醇Phytol29653C20H40O>980(GC)--醛類Aldehydes反?2?己烯醛(E)?2?Hexenal9815C6H10O980(AR)14191255己醛Hexanal10016C6H12O>950(AR)16221435庚醛Heptanal11418C7H14O970(AR)14961323癸醛Decanal15626C10H20O970(AR)20091777反?2?癸烯醛(E)?2?Decenal15425C10H18O95013451190十二醛Dodecanal18432C12H24O95020321797十四醛Tetradecanal18428C11H20O2980--酯類Esters乙酸乙酯Ethylacetate8811C4H8O2≥997(GC)27342418乙酸環(huán)己烯酯Cyclohexenylacetate14018C8H12O296019351711乙酸?順?3?己烯酯(Z)?3?Hexenylacetate14220C8H14O2>970(GC)19951764丙酸?順?3?己烯酯(Z)?3?Hexenylpropionate15622C9H16O297029182581鄰氨基苯甲酸?順?3?己烯酯cis?3?Hexenylanthranilate21928C13H17NO2>980(GC)18871669丁酸?順?3?己烯酯(Z)?3?Hexenylbutyrate17025C10H18O298027342418異丁酸?順?3?己烯酯(Z)?3?Hexenylisobutyrate17025C10H18O2970--己酸?順?3?己烯酯(Z)?3?Hexenylhexanoate19830C12H22O2980--萜烯類Terpenoidsα?蒎烯α?Pinene13623C10H16980(AR)1026907 + ?檜烯 + ?Sabinene13623C10H16≥98511641029α?羅勒烯α?Ocimene13623C10H16≥900(AR)14191255β?水芹烯β?Phellandrene13623C10H16>650(GC)--β?月桂烯β?Myrcene13623C10H16>900(GC)21481900(?)?檸檬烯(?)?Limonene13623C10H16>950(GC)19351711β?石竹烯β?Caryophyllene20435C15H24>900(GC)845747α?法尼烯α?Farnesene20435C15H24mixtureofisomers22121956
續(xù)上表
氣味配體Ligands分子量Molecularweight分子式Formula純度(%)PurityIC50(μM)Ki(μM)烷烴類Alkanes十二烷Dodecane17033C12H26>990(GC)--十三烷Tridecane18436C13H28980--十五烷Pentadecane21241C15H32990--酮類Ketones對(duì)乙基苯乙酮4?Ethylacetophenone14820C10H12O>970(GC)233620662,3?二甲基苯基?乙酮2,3?Dimethylacetophenone14820C10H12O98014841312
本研究從光肩星天牛觸角中克隆了一種OBP基因AglaOBP1,序列比對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)AglaOBP1屬于OBP家族Minus-C OBP亞家族基因。在天??评ハx觸角中Minus-C OBP基因種類較多,如李慧(2012)通過構(gòu)建云斑天牛Batocerahorsfieldi觸角cDNA文庫并結(jié)合ESTs測(cè)序,獲得9種Minus-C OBPs基因,占鑒定到總OBPs的60%;Hu等(2016)通過轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序在光肩星天牛觸角中共鑒定到42種OBPs,其中Minus-C OBP占OBPs基因總數(shù)的42.5%,且不同Minus-C OBPs序列的相似度較低,在3.3%-55.0%;Gao等(2015)通過構(gòu)建松墨天牛觸角cDNA文庫和ESTs測(cè)序,共鑒定到4種OBPs,其中2種屬于Minus-C OBPs基因。前人通過對(duì)不同昆蟲基因組及轉(zhuǎn)錄組序列所包含的OBP比較發(fā)現(xiàn),Minus-C OBPs更多地存在于比較原始的昆蟲中,而Classical OBPs、Plus-C OBPs更多地存在于較為進(jìn)化的物種中,昆蟲OBPs向著產(chǎn)生更多半胱氨酸殘基的方向進(jìn)化(Vieiraetal., 2011)。Minus-C OBPs屬于光肩星天牛觸角氣味結(jié)合蛋白的一個(gè)大類群,在進(jìn)化上程度上相對(duì)原始,但本實(shí)驗(yàn)的測(cè)定結(jié)果表明光肩星天牛的Minus-C OBP(AglaOBP1)仍具有識(shí)別寄主植物揮發(fā)物的功能。
本研究構(gòu)建了重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET28a(+)/AglaOBP1并在BL21(DE3)表達(dá)感受態(tài)細(xì)胞中成功表達(dá)。經(jīng)過對(duì)誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)條件的優(yōu)化,如IPTG濃度、誘導(dǎo)溫度、誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間、轉(zhuǎn)速、培養(yǎng)菌液的容器大小等反復(fù)試驗(yàn)后發(fā)現(xiàn),即使在16℃、160 rpm、IPTG濃度為0.05 mM時(shí),重組蛋白AglaOBP1仍以包涵體的形式存在。通過8 M的鹽酸胍溶解包涵體,考慮到OBPs屬于含有較多半胱氨酸的蛋白,通過依次加入還原劑二硫蘇糖醇(DTT)(10 mM)、胱氨酸(5 mM)、半胱氨酸(5 mM)減少分離獲得的包涵體中含有鏈間形成的二硫鍵和鏈內(nèi)的非活性二硫鍵,提高了蛋白的復(fù)性效果。因?yàn)閺?fù)性的蛋白溶液中含有少量的DTT會(huì)還原蛋白純化層析柱中的Ni離子,使鎳離子柱的吸附能力降低。本實(shí)驗(yàn)在純化蛋白之前將復(fù)性的蛋白溶液經(jīng)過透析降低了還原劑的濃度,提高了鎳離子柱的吸附能力,獲得了較高純度且有生物活性的重組蛋白,為測(cè)定氣味結(jié)合蛋白結(jié)合氣味分子的生理功能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。利用以上蛋白變性、復(fù)性方法,已成功獲得了如棉鈴蟲(Zhangetal., 2012)、苜蓿盲蝽(Guetal., 2011)、梨小食心蟲Grapholitamolesta(Lietal., 2016)、華北大黑鰓金龜Holotrichiaoblita(莊緒靜,2012)、胡蜂Polistesdominulus(Calvelloetal., 2003)等昆蟲OBP的重組蛋白。
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Cloning,expression,andbindingpropertiesofodorantbindingprotein1fromAnoplophoraglabripennisMotschulsky(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)
LI Guang-Wei*, CHEN Xiu-Lin, SHANG Tian-Cui, YAO Fu-Long
(College of Biology & Geography, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China)
Odorant binding protein geneAglaOBP1 fromAnoplophoraglabripenniswas cloned via reverse-transcription PCR, The sequence ofAglaOBP1 has ORF of 435 bp that encodes 144 amino acids, including signal peptides of 21 amino acids at the N-terminal. The matured protein possessed four conserved cysteine and can classified Minus-C OBP subfamily genes. The results of RT-qPCR showed thatAglaOBP1 was highly expressed in antennae, and the expression quantity in female antennae was significantly higher than that in male antennae. Recombinant AglaOBP1 (rAglaOBP1)was successfully expressed in a prokaryotic expression system and purified via Ni-NTA His·Bind Resin. The results of fluorescence competitive binding assays demonstrated that rAglaOBP1 exhibited broad binding properties and can bind aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes and ketones. rAglaOBP1 showed higher binding abilities to Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, Cis-2-Hexen-1-ol, 1-Hexanol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Decenal, β-Caryophyllene, (+)-Sabinene, α-Pinene, and 2,3-Dimethylacetophenone with theKivalue of 5.88, 8.33, 12.29, 12.55, 11.90, 10.29, 7.47, 9.07 and 13.12 μM, respectively. Besides, the functional group, the length of carbon chain and space isomerism of ligands were all influence the binding affinities of AglaOBP1.AglaOBP1 was highly expressed in antennae, and the recombinant protein showed high binding affinities with components emitted fromAcermono, illuminating AglaOBP1 play an important role in seeking host plants of the adults.
Anoplophoraglabripennis; odorant binding protein; olfactory; fluorescence binding assay; volatiles
新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)高??蒲杏?jì)劃項(xiàng)目(XJEDU2014S062);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金(2015211C299)
李廣偉,男,1982年生,甘肅會(huì)寧人,博士,助理研究員,研究方向?yàn)檗r(nóng)業(yè)害蟲綜合治理,E-mail:xbbjb2010@sina.com
*通訊作者Author for correspondence, E-mail: xbbjb2010@sina.com
Received: 2016-11-13; 接受日期Accepted: 2017-03-12
Q966;S433.5
:A
1674-0858(2017)04-0919-11
李廣偉,陳秀琳,尚天翠,等.光肩星天牛氣味結(jié)合蛋白AglaOBP1的克隆、表達(dá)及結(jié)合特性[J].環(huán)境昆蟲學(xué)報(bào),2017,39(4):919-929.