劉亞琴

摘 要：含蓄條件句是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，列舉了十種含蓄條件句的運(yùn)用。

關(guān)鍵詞：高中英語(yǔ)；含蓄條件句；非限定動(dòng)詞；介詞短語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)從句

含蓄條件句隱含在句中，給句意的正確理解增加了難度。務(wù)必仔細(xì)領(lǐng)悟其特征，解題時(shí)才能一目了然。筆者初步探悉英語(yǔ)中的含蓄條件句。

一、非限定動(dòng)詞表含蓄條件

To chat with him（=If you should chat with him），you would realize he could not hear well.

如果你和他聊天，你會(huì)意識(shí)到他的聽(tīng)力不好。

It would be disappointing not to give the old man a help（= if I shouldnt give the old man a help）.

要是我不幫老人，會(huì)令人失望的。

She would be foolish not to accept the donation（=if she should not accept the donation）.

如果她不接受捐贈(zèng)，那太傻了。

二、介詞短語(yǔ)表含蓄條件

通常是否定意義的復(fù)合介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)表示含蓄條件。

用with，without，but for，but，in the absence of開(kāi)頭的短語(yǔ)代替if從句表示隱含的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

With more money（=If I had more money）， I could help more people in need.

要是有更多的錢(qián)，我可以幫助更多需要幫助的人。

But for the help from the community（=If the community had not helped them）， those women wouldnt have been able to set up their shop.

要不是有來(lái)自社區(qū)的幫助，那些婦女就不能建自己的商店了。

Without your help， we wouldnt have made great progress.

沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不會(huì)取得很大的進(jìn)步。

The sun can be the source of all energy， and in the absence of（=if there were not）the suns heat and light，the earth at night would be freezing too cold for us to live.

太陽(yáng)是所有能量的來(lái)源，如果沒(méi)有太陽(yáng)的光和熱，在夜里，地球上就會(huì)很冷不宜居住。

簡(jiǎn)單介詞比復(fù)雜介詞和短語(yǔ)介詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的含蓄條件更難理解。

Who but a stupid person（=If a person were stupid）would admire her.

除了傻子，誰(shuí)會(huì)贊美她。

三、otherwise，or，or else等表含蓄條件

I was occupied in business performance yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to attend you.

昨天我忙于商業(yè)性的演出，要不然我會(huì)來(lái)照顧你。

You had better stop cheating in the exam or else！

你考試別作弊，要不然……

Be quick，or youll be late for the meeting.

快點(diǎn)，否則開(kāi)會(huì)遲到。

四、分詞短語(yǔ)表含蓄條件

Failing in the exam next time， what would he do？（=If he failed/were to fail/should fail in the exam next time， what would ...）

如果下次考試失敗，那他怎么辦？

Confronted with difficulties， he would be terrified（=If he were confronted with difficulties， he would...）

面對(duì)困難，他感到害怕。

Being a nurse ，I would attend patients as many as possible.（= If I were a nurse， I would...）

如果我是護(hù)士，我會(huì)盡可能照顧更多的病人。

Seen from the top of the hill， the city would look like a big garden.（=If the city were seen from the top of the hill， the city would…）

從山頂看去，城市像大花園。

五、名詞短語(yǔ)表含蓄條件

A few minutes earlier， and you would have seen the famous singer.（=If you had come a few minutes earlier， you would have ...）

如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘，你就能看見(jiàn)著名的歌手了。

六、定語(yǔ)從句表含蓄條件

Anyone who breaks the law（=If anyone broke the law） would be punished.

凡是違反法律的人，都會(huì)受到懲罰。

A company which stopped working（= If a company stopped working，it）would go out of business.

一家公司如果停止工作，就會(huì)倒閉。

七、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表含蓄條件

Weather permitting （= If weather permitted ），we would pay a visit to you tomorrow.

如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

Everything taken into account（= If everything had been taken into account），we would have achieved success.

如果一切考慮全面的話，我們就取得成功了。

八、一定上下文表含蓄條件

It is very quiet（= If a pin dropped on the ground）and we could hear a pin drop.

非常安靜，針掉在地上都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。

Anyone on my post（=If anyone had been on my post）would have done the same.

任何人在我的崗位，會(huì)做同樣的事。

I would appreciate the help.（省略了If you were kind enough to help take care of my son）

九、祈使句表含蓄條件

Suppose you were to look at the earth from the space， it would seem to be covered with water（=If you were to look at the earth from the space ，it would seem to be covered with water）

如果從太空看地球，地球看起來(lái)被水覆蓋著。

十、介詞加動(dòng)名詞表含蓄條件

On being exposed to the sunlight for a long time（If your skin should be exposed to the sunlight）， your skin would be burnt.

皮膚如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在陽(yáng)光下會(huì)被灼傷。

In doing so（=If she did so）， the teacher might sing high praise for her.

如果這樣做了，老師會(huì)高度贊揚(yáng)她的。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

李榮田.談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)含蓄條件句[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，2014（10）.

編輯 任 壯