姜華龍 李萍 嚴躍龍 鄭展圖
【摘要】 目的:評價顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術與顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎術治療精索靜脈曲張的臨床效果。方法:納入本院2012年6月-2017年1月收治的132例精索靜脈曲張患者,根據(jù)手術治療方式的不同分為觀察組(n=89)與對照組(n=43),觀察組患者的手術方式為顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術,對照組患者的手術方式為顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎術,觀察兩組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術中出血量、復發(fā)率、手術時間與精液質量改善狀況。結果:觀察組患者的手術時間明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者的術中出血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術后3個月復查精液,兩組的精液質量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術后對兩組患者進行為期6個月的隨訪,觀察組患者的曲張復發(fā)率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);兩組的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論:顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術時間更短,顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎術復發(fā)率更低,兩種方法近遠期療效均較好,安全性高,具備臨床推廣價值。
【關鍵詞】 精索靜脈曲張; 顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術; 顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎術; 臨床效果
Analysis the Clinical Efficacy of High Ligation of Retroperitoneal Spermatic Vein under Microscope and Ligation of External Spermatic Vein under Microscope/JIANG Hua-long,LI Ping,YAN Yue-long,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(27):113-115
【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of high ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope and ligation of external spermatic vein under microscope in the treatment of varicocele.Method:A total of 132 patients with varicocele were enrolled in our hospital from June 2012 to January 2017,they were divided into observation group (n=89) and control group (n=43) according to the different surgical treatment methods,the operation mode of the observation group was high ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope,the operation of the control group was performed by ligation of the external spermatic vein under the microscope,the complication rate,blood loss,recurrence rate,operation time and semen quality improvement were observed in the two groups.Result:The operation time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).The semen was rechecked 3 months after operation,there was no significant difference in semen quality between the two groups(P>0.05).The patients in the two groups were followed up for 6 months after the operation,the recurrence rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Under the microscope by internal spermatic vein ligation in a shorter time,under the microscope through the outer ring ligation of varicocele recurrence rate is lower,short-term and long-term effects of the two methods are good, high safety,has clinical value.endprint
【Key words】 Cirsocele; High ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope; Ligation of external spermatic vein under microscope; Clinical effect
First-authors address:Donghua Hospital of Dongguan City,Dongguan 523000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.27.032
精索靜脈曲張是指精索內(nèi)靜脈蔓狀靜脈叢的異常伸長、擴張和迂曲,原發(fā)性精索靜脈曲張主要致病因素為精索靜脈瓣膜缺如、發(fā)育不良或精索靜脈肌層發(fā)育不良、薄弱[1-3]。重者可呈團塊樣堆積在陰囊內(nèi),引起陰囊墜脹不適。精索靜脈曲張是導致男性陰囊墜脹、疼痛和不育的常見疾病,在普通人群中發(fā)病率為15%~20%,而在原發(fā)性不育中發(fā)生率可高達35%~40%,繼發(fā)性不育中達75%,臨床常見的手術治療方法有腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術、腹膜后精索高位結扎術(Palomo術)、腹腔鏡下精索結扎術(腹腔鏡Palomo術)、腹股溝管精索靜脈結扎術、精索內(nèi)靜脈栓塞術(逆行、順行)、顯微鏡下腹股溝管精索靜脈結扎術、顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結扎術、經(jīng)陰囊精索靜脈結扎術等,目前顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈高位結扎術被奉為治療精索靜脈曲張的“金標準”,但其手術時間較長,手術過程繁瑣[4-5]。顯微鏡下腹膜后精索靜脈結扎術鮮有報到,此術式手術部位較高,精索靜脈血管匯聚,相對外環(huán)下手術,時間明顯較短,將其療效與金標準術式進行對比,評價推廣價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 自2012年6月-2017年1月納入本院收治的132例精索靜脈曲張患者,根據(jù)手術治療方式的不同分為觀察組與對照組。觀察組患者
89例,年齡26~36歲,平均(31.4±0.9)歲;對照組患者43例,年齡28~33歲,平均(30.5±0.6)歲。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。告知患者此次研究的目的與方法,并自愿簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 觀察組 顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎的術,具體的手術方法:以腹股溝韌帶中點上方2 cm處為起點平行于腹股溝韌帶向外上方做長2~3 cm的切口,依次切開皮膚、皮下組織、腹外斜肌腱膜,鈍性分開腹內(nèi)斜肌和腹橫肌,切開腹橫筋膜,向內(nèi)側推開腹膜和腸管,于腹膜后顯露精索,將精索從腹膜上分離下來,游離3~4 cm,使精索能無張力牽拉至切口處,利用Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH顯微鏡在6~8倍視野下手術,先剪開精索筋膜,游離出睪丸動脈、所有精索內(nèi)靜脈,盡量減少淋巴管損傷。依次剪斷靜脈,并用1號絲線結扎精索靜脈殘端,查無靜脈殘留,動脈搏動良好后將精索復位到腹膜后,依次縫合切口。
1.2.2 對照組 顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎術,具體的手術方法:于患側腹股溝外環(huán)下方1 cm處作橫切口,長1.5~2 cm。依次切開皮膚、皮下,鈍性分離至精索,分離并游離一段精索,將所游離精索牽出切口外。利用Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH顯微鏡在6~8倍放大的顯微鏡下打開精索內(nèi)筋膜,找到并注意保護睪丸動脈、輸精管,找到并游離全部精索靜脈,盡量保留淋巴管,游離全部精索靜脈后,依次鉗夾、剪斷靜脈,結扎殘端,查無靜脈殘留、動脈搏動良好后將精索復位,依次縫合切口。
1.3 觀察指標 觀察兩組患者的臨床治療指標,術后3個月復查精液質量。所有患者隨訪6個月,觀察復發(fā)率與并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 本次研究采用SPSS 13.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學處理,計量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 兩組患者治療后的臨床治療指標比較 治療后,兩組患者的術中出血量、精液分析比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者的手術時間明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組患者的復發(fā)率與并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較 觀察組患者的曲張復發(fā)率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表2。
3 討論
顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結扎術是當前手術治療精索靜脈曲張的金標準[6],結扎除睪丸引帶靜脈以外的全部靜脈[7],理論上結扎靜脈更多,術中結扎不止內(nèi)靜脈[8],還包括提睪肌靜脈、輸精管靜脈等,結扎靜脈徹底,術后復發(fā)率最低[9],但外環(huán)口處精索血管為蔓狀靜脈叢,需分離結扎血管達數(shù)十支,手術時間長[10],即使在顯微鏡下手術亦存在靜脈殘留引起復發(fā)的風險,且存在損傷輸精管風險[11]。且對是否有必要結扎提睪肌靜脈、輸精管靜脈等問題,很多學者有不同意見[12]。
顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術經(jīng)腹膜后入路,于精索高位手術[13],保留睪丸動脈、淋巴管[14],結扎全部精索內(nèi)靜脈,手術原理更合理。結扎靜脈較少,手術時間明顯減少,不存在損傷輸精管風險[15]。經(jīng)過臨床觀察、數(shù)據(jù)分析,筆者認為顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結扎術和顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結扎術相比較,可有效的縮短手術時間[16],并發(fā)癥無明顯增加,手術效果相當,然而術后的復發(fā)率稍高[17],但經(jīng)腹膜后手術難度稍高,有損傷腹膜和腸管風險,有誤扎腹壁入血管風險,且不適用于肥胖患者。采取顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結扎的手術方法能夠實現(xiàn)精準、徹底治療[18],能夠有效的降低曲張復發(fā)率,適用于所有精索靜脈張患者,對于高位結扎術后復發(fā)者再次手術仍有效,因此可作為未來一段時間內(nèi)治療精索靜脈曲張的首選方法[19-20]。但前者有明顯的手術時間優(yōu)勢,手術原理更符合解剖,總體效果與后者相當,可能是更合理的手術方法,亦可進行廣泛推廣。由于本次研究樣本容量有限,因而關于采取兩種治療方法所產(chǎn)生的遠期影響仍需今后大樣本隨機進一步觀察。endprint
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(收稿日期:2017-08-28) (本文編輯:張爽)endprint