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      空心蓮子草根系分泌物對(duì)無機(jī)磷細(xì)菌的負(fù)化感效應(yīng)*

      2017-12-11 05:32:55王玉書
      土壤學(xué)報(bào) 2017年6期
      關(guān)鍵詞:氫離子有機(jī)酸蓮子

      王玉書 劉 海,2 袁 玲?

      (1 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院,重慶 400716)

      (2 貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)科技信息研究所,貴陽 550006)

      空心蓮子草根系分泌物對(duì)無機(jī)磷細(xì)菌的負(fù)化感效應(yīng)*

      王玉書1劉 海1,2袁 玲1?

      (1 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院,重慶 400716)

      (2 貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)科技信息研究所,貴陽 550006)

      空心蓮子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb)是全球難以根除的惡性雜草,能在有效磷較低的土壤中生長(zhǎng)。了解空心蓮子草對(duì)微生物轉(zhuǎn)化土壤無機(jī)磷的影響,有益于揭示其入侵機(jī)制。利用固、液培養(yǎng)技術(shù),以3株(B05、B07和B09)能溶解無機(jī)磷的伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia Yabunchi)為材料,研究了空心蓮子草根系分泌物(Exudates from A. philoxeroides roots,EAR)對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)繁殖和溶磷的化感作用。結(jié)果表明,在固體培養(yǎng)時(shí),隨EAR濃度提高,無機(jī)磷細(xì)菌(Phosphatesolubilizing bacteria,PSB)的菌落直徑、溶磷圈直徑和溶磷指數(shù)降低;在液體培養(yǎng)基中,EAR不同程度地抑制PSB繁殖生長(zhǎng),數(shù)量減少48.13%~73.03%。供試菌株均能分泌氫離子、草酸和檸檬酸,其中B05和B09還分別能分泌乙酸和蘋果酸,B07能分泌乙酸和丁二酸,草酸和檸檬酸共占有機(jī)酸分泌總量的66.02%~74.72%。此外,有機(jī)酸分泌總量和氫離子分泌量分別與溶磷量呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)依次為0.836和0.947(p<0.05,n=12)。EAR顯著抑制PSB分泌有機(jī)酸和氫離子,與此同時(shí)溶磷量降低11.41%~47.32%。因此,EAR對(duì)PSB呈負(fù)化感效應(yīng),不同程度地抑制PSB繁殖生長(zhǎng)、有機(jī)酸和氫離子分泌及無機(jī)磷溶解。

      空心蓮子草;化感效應(yīng);無機(jī)磷細(xì)菌

      無機(jī)磷細(xì)菌(Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,PSB)能溶解土壤中的難溶性磷酸鹽,提高磷的生物有效性[1]。將PSB施入土壤,促進(jìn)難溶性磷酸鹽溶解,能使玉米和粟的植株干重增加32%~51%,并提高小麥、燕麥、水稻、玉米、花生、甘藍(lán)和青菜等作物產(chǎn)量,改善水果品質(zhì)[2-5]。伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia IS-16)屬于PSB的一種,已應(yīng)用于多種作物[6]。PSB能分泌氫離子和有機(jī)酸,降低局部土壤pH,溶解難溶性無機(jī)磷酸鹽;有機(jī)酸還能絡(luò)(鰲)合磷酸鐵、鋁、鈣、鎂中的金屬離子,釋放磷酸根或抑制磷酸根固定[7]。Rajikumar[8]和Wani[9]等發(fā)現(xiàn),PSB顯著降低土壤重金屬活性,減少植物吸收。PSB還能抑制某些病原微生物和昆蟲生長(zhǎng),可用于保鮮蔬果和防治植物病蟲害[10]。此外,伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia glathei MB14)能除去湖泊或池塘沉積物中的磷,減輕水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化[11]。

      空心蓮子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb)屬莧科(Amaranthaceae)多年生草本植物,是全球公認(rèn)的、難以根除的惡性雜草[12-13],遍及我國(guó)20多個(gè)省(直轄市)的陸地和水域[14]。在空心蓮子草侵入過程中,通過莖葉淋溶、根系分泌和植物殘?bào)w腐解等途徑向土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)釋放多種化感物質(zhì),對(duì)多種植物和土壤微生物具有毒性,抑制萵苣、小麥、油菜、生菜、蘿卜、蠶豆和玉米等作物的種子發(fā)芽和植株生長(zhǎng)[15-18],選擇性地影響微生物的繁殖生長(zhǎng)、新陳代謝、蛋白質(zhì)和細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)、DNA復(fù)制與修復(fù)等[17,19]。PSB多為根際微生物,聚集在根系周圍,可提高根際微區(qū)磷的生物有效性;另一方面,根系生命活動(dòng)和分泌物顯著影響它們的生長(zhǎng)繁殖和生理生態(tài)功能[20-22]??招纳徸硬菰谪汃ね寥乐幸材茌^好地生長(zhǎng),排除其他植物,形成單優(yōu)種群,并富集大量的磷[23-24],可能涉及PSB對(duì)土壤難溶性無機(jī)磷的轉(zhuǎn)化。因此,研究空心蓮子草對(duì)土壤PSB的影響很有必要。

      本文以伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia Yabunchi)的3株P(guān)SB為供試菌株,通過固、液培養(yǎng),研究空心蓮子草根系分泌物對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)繁殖、氫離子和有機(jī)酸分泌,以及溶磷作用的化感效應(yīng),為揭示其入侵機(jī)制和有效防除提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 供試材料

      供試菌株:伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia Yabunchi)的3株P(guān)SB(B05、B07和B09),從重慶市縉云山黃壤(106°20′E,29°49′N,pH 4.34)中分離獲得,保存于西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

      固體培養(yǎng)基(g):瓊脂20、葡萄糖10,磷酸三鈣2.5、(NH4)2SO40.5、NaCl 0.2、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1、KCl 0.2、酵母膏0.5、MnSO4·4H2O和FeSO4·7H2O 各0.002,蒸餾水1 000 ml,pH 7.0~7.5,液體培養(yǎng)基不含瓊脂。

      供試植株:空心蓮子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb),采自重慶市北碚區(qū)歇馬鎮(zhèn)(106°25′E,29°29′N)。

      1.2 研究方法

      考慮到空心蓮子草內(nèi)含多種化感物質(zhì),產(chǎn)生綜合化感效應(yīng),故試驗(yàn)在固、液體培養(yǎng)基中,加入不同濃度的空心蓮子草根系分泌物(Exudates from A. philoxeroides roots,EAR),研究PSB的生長(zhǎng)狀況和溶磷作用。采集空心蓮子草植株(根系量約250 g),洗凈,置于去離子水中培養(yǎng)48 h(25±2 ℃,光強(qiáng)15 000 Lex,晝夜交替12 h,根系鮮重∶去離子水體積約1∶1.5),取出植株,剪下根系稱重,補(bǔ)充水分至根系鮮重:去離子水體積=1∶2,抽濾,制備出500 ml相當(dāng)于每ml含0.5 g 鮮根重(用g fresh root weight ml-1表示,縮寫為g ml-1)的母液,用細(xì)菌過濾器過濾后保存于4 ℃的冰箱中備用。

      取保存菌株,用固體培養(yǎng)基接種活化,用液體培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)24 h,無菌水稀釋至103cfu ml-1。蒸汽滅菌(121 ℃,1.5大氣壓,30 min,下同)固體培養(yǎng)基,冷卻至45~50 ℃,加入EAR母液,使其濃度分別達(dá)到0.000(對(duì)照)、0.013(低)、0.025(中)和0.050(高)g ml-1,取10 ml倒入直徑為6 cm培養(yǎng)皿,冷卻后在培養(yǎng)皿中央分別接種0.1 ml B05、B07和B09菌液,避光培養(yǎng)7 d(25±1 ℃),用游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)量菌落和透明圈直徑,計(jì)算溶磷指數(shù)[25]:

      取100 ml液體培養(yǎng)基于250 ml三角瓶中,蒸汽滅菌,冷卻后加EAR母液形成濃度分別為0.000(對(duì)照)、0.013、0.025、0.050 g ml-1的處理,各接種1 ml B05、B07和B09菌液,搖瓶暗培養(yǎng)(25±1 ℃、75 r min-1)120 h,重復(fù)5次。

      每隔6、12、18、36、72、120 h吸出5 ml液體培養(yǎng)基,用XSP-6C顯微鏡(上海迪諾力泰公司)觀測(cè)計(jì)數(shù)培養(yǎng)液中的PSB數(shù)量。然后,用10 000 r min-1離心10 min,取上清液,用PHS-3C精密酸度計(jì)測(cè)定pH,鉬藍(lán)比色法測(cè)定無機(jī)磷含量[26],并計(jì)算溶磷量(培養(yǎng)液無機(jī)磷含量-對(duì)照培養(yǎng)液無機(jī)磷含量)×培養(yǎng)液體積[27],培養(yǎng)結(jié)束后,用0.1 mol L-1HCl酸化培養(yǎng)液,日本日立公司生產(chǎn)的D-7000高效液相色譜儀測(cè)定有機(jī)酸濃度。色譜條件為:L-7455二級(jí)管陣列檢測(cè)器,Rezex Roa-Organic Acid 300離子交換柱(美國(guó)Phenomenex公司生產(chǎn)),進(jìn)樣量20 μl,流動(dòng)相2.5 mmol L-1H2SO4,流速0.5 ml min-1,柱溫35 ℃,壓力 450 psi,Diode Array L-7455紫外檢測(cè)器,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)210 nm。所檢測(cè)的有機(jī)酸包括草酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸、丁二酸和乙酸,其出峰時(shí)間依次為11.60、13.73、16.05、19.47和23.92 min。

      1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理

      分別用 Excel 2010、SPSS 17.0 和SigmaPlot軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行基本計(jì)算、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和作圖,采用LSD進(jìn)行多重比較,顯著水平為p<0.05。

      2 結(jié) 果

      2.1 EAR對(duì)PSB生長(zhǎng)和溶磷的影響

      由表1可知,在固體培養(yǎng)時(shí),EAR顯著降低B05和B09的溶磷圈直徑、菌落直徑和溶磷指數(shù),濃度越高,降幅越大;對(duì)B07而言,低濃度的EAR提高上述生長(zhǎng)和溶磷參數(shù),但中、高濃度仍然使之降低。在高濃度的EAR培養(yǎng)基中,溶磷圈直徑、菌落直徑和溶磷指數(shù)的最大降幅依次為49.09%~67.98%、40.32%~50.00%和9.86%~27.38%。此外,EAR對(duì)B09溶磷能力的抑制作用最強(qiáng),B05次之,B07最小。

      表1 固體培養(yǎng)時(shí)EAR對(duì)PSB生長(zhǎng)和溶磷的影響Table 1 Effects of exudates from A. philoxeroides roots on growth of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus solubilization in solid culture media

      在培養(yǎng)液中,PSB的數(shù)量因菌株和EAR濃度的不同而異,平均值變化于14.15×108ml-1(B05)~44.79×108ml-1(B07)(圖1)。低濃度的EAR增加了B07數(shù)量,中、高濃度則相反;B05和B09的數(shù)量隨EAR濃度提高而降低,最大降幅分別為48.13%和61.21%。

      圖1 不同濃度EAR培養(yǎng)液中PSB的數(shù)量變化Fig. 1 Variation of PSB in population in liquid culture media different in EAR concentration

      2.2 EAR對(duì)PSB分泌有機(jī)酸和氫離子的影響

      PSB株系和EAR濃度不同,氫離子和有機(jī)酸在液體培養(yǎng)基中的濃度也不同(表2)。

      草酸:EAR對(duì)B07分泌草酸無顯著影響;隨EAR濃度提高,B05和B09分泌草酸的速率降低。此外,B05的草酸分泌量最低,在培養(yǎng)液中的平均濃度約為B07和B09的1/2。

      表2 PSB培養(yǎng)液中的有機(jī)酸和氫離子濃度Table 2 Concentrations of organic acids(mg L-1)and protons in PSB culture solutions(μg L-1)

      檸檬酸:EAR濃度越高,B05和B09分泌檸檬酸的速率愈低;低濃度的EAR促進(jìn)B07分泌檸檬酸,高濃度表現(xiàn)出抑制作用。此外,B07分泌檸檬酸最多,培養(yǎng)液中的平均濃度是B05和B09的3.78倍和4.80倍。

      乙酸:在B09的培養(yǎng)液中,未檢測(cè)出乙酸。隨EAR濃度提高,B05分泌乙酸的速率降低,最大降幅高達(dá)55.07%;低濃度EAR促進(jìn)B07分泌乙酸,高濃度表現(xiàn)出抑制作用。

      蘋果酸:B05和B07不分泌蘋果酸。在B09的培養(yǎng)液中,EAR濃度越高,蘋果酸含量越低,最大降幅較對(duì)照降低83.03%。

      丁二酸:在供試菌株中,B05和B09不分泌丁二酸;中、高濃度的EAR抑制B07分泌丁二酸,其分泌量依次較對(duì)照降低30.45%和56.54%。

      氫離子:培養(yǎng)液中的EAR濃度越高,B05和B09分泌氫離子的速率愈低;低濃度的EAR促進(jìn)B07分泌氫離子,中、高濃度EAR產(chǎn)生抑制作用。此外,培養(yǎng)液中的氫離子濃度B07>B09>B05,其平均值依次為343.76、149.53、9.72 μg L-1。

      2.3 EAR對(duì)PSB溶磷量的影響

      圖2可見,在培養(yǎng)液中,溶磷量B07>B09>B05。B05和B09的溶磷量(y)與培養(yǎng)時(shí)間(x)的關(guān)系可用y=x/(a+bx),B07則可用y=y0+a(1-e-bx)c描述。此外,EAR對(duì)PSB溶磷能力的影響類似于固體培養(yǎng),即EAR顯著降低B05和B09的溶磷量,濃度越高,降幅愈大;但對(duì)B07而言,低濃度的EAR提高溶磷量,中、高濃度仍然使之降低。在培養(yǎng)中加入EAR培養(yǎng)120 h時(shí),溶磷量的最大降幅分別為47.32%(B05)、11.43%(B07)和36.00%(B09)。

      2.4 有機(jī)酸和氫離子分泌與溶磷量的關(guān)系

      圖2 不同濃度EAR培養(yǎng)液中PSB的溶磷量Fig. 2 Content of phosphorus dissolved by PSB in culture media different in EAR concentration

      表3 有機(jī)酸和氫離子分泌與溶磷量之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)Table 3 Correlation coefficients of P dissolution with release of organic acids and protons

      相關(guān)分析表明,在B07和B09培養(yǎng)液中,溶磷量與氫離子和有機(jī)酸分泌總量呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān);B05的溶磷量與氫離子呈顯著正相關(guān),與有機(jī)酸分泌總量的相關(guān)性未達(dá)到顯著相關(guān)水平(表3)。但是,按三株P(guān)SB進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),PSB的溶磷量與氫離子和有機(jī)酸分泌總量呈顯著正相關(guān)(r氫離子= 0.947*,r有機(jī)酸= 0.836*,n = 12)。此外,PSB的氫離子和有機(jī)酸分泌總量之間呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為 0.844*(n = 12)。

      3 討 論

      在固、液培養(yǎng)基中,除低濃度的EAR對(duì)B07生長(zhǎng)繁殖有一定的促進(jìn)作用之外,EAR使PSB菌落直徑減小,在培養(yǎng)液中的數(shù)量減少,說明EAR對(duì)PSB具有生物毒性,抑制其生長(zhǎng)繁殖。前人研究表明,一定濃度的EAR對(duì)腦膜炎球菌(Meningococcus)、肺炎雙球菌(Pneumococcus)、草綠色鏈球菌(Viridans streptococci)、酵母桿菌(Yeast bacillus)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蘇云金芽孢桿菌(Bvacillus thuringiensis)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)等也有抑制作用[28-29]。據(jù)報(bào)道,EAR降低微生物細(xì)胞中的Mg2+-ATPase活性,妨礙ATP合成與利用[30];阻止甲型H3N2流感病毒和柯薩奇病毒DNA復(fù)制;抑制哈維氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)基因表達(dá)和RNA合成[31-32],故很有必要繼續(xù)研究EAR抑制PSB生長(zhǎng)繁殖的有關(guān)機(jī)理。但是,低濃度的EAR促進(jìn)B07生長(zhǎng)繁殖,其原因有待進(jìn)一步研究。

      前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在空心蓮子草、菖蒲、慈姑、香蒲、狹葉澤瀉和澤瀉等6種水生植物中,空心蓮子草根系與磷的親和能力最強(qiáng),吸收磷的速率最快,吸收最多[23]??招纳徸硬菸这浀腃min(吸收養(yǎng)分要求的最低外源濃度)< 0.2 μmol L-1,Km值(養(yǎng)分吸收速率等于1/2最大吸收速率時(shí)的外液濃度)僅8.0~14.0 μmol L-1[24]。說明空心蓮子草吸收磷、鉀等養(yǎng)分的能力極強(qiáng),可有效利用低濃度的外源養(yǎng)分,保持體內(nèi)P2O5高達(dá)8.0 mg 100 g-1的積累量[33]。本項(xiàng)研究表明,在EAR抑制PSB繁殖生長(zhǎng)的同時(shí),不同程度地降低其溶磷指數(shù)和溶磷量。推測(cè)在空心蓮子草侵入過程中,其根系分泌物也可能抑制PSB溶解土壤難溶性無機(jī)磷,不益于提高土壤難溶性無機(jī)磷的生物有效性,從而影響其他植物從土壤中獲取磷素營(yíng)養(yǎng);而空心蓮子草則可能依靠極強(qiáng)的養(yǎng)分吸收能力,從貧瘠土壤中攝取低濃度的磷,滿足自身營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要[23],從而擴(kuò)大自己的種群數(shù)量,形成單優(yōu)種群。

      PSB主要依賴于分泌小分子有機(jī)酸和氫離子活化土壤難溶性磷酸鹽[11]。洋蔥伯克霍爾德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)分泌有機(jī)酸與溶解磷酸三鈣、磷酸鐵和磷酸鋁等密切相關(guān)[34]。供試菌株均能分泌氫離子、草酸和檸檬酸,因菌株不同而分泌乙酸、蘋果酸和丁二酸,溶磷指數(shù)和溶磷量也因菌株不同而異,說明PSB的溶磷機(jī)制和溶磷能力存在菌株間的差異。在分泌的有機(jī)酸中,檸檬酸和草酸合占有機(jī)酸分泌總量的66.02%~74.72%。根據(jù)化學(xué)原理,草酸和檸檬酸絡(luò)合鈣、鐵、鋁的能力最強(qiáng),草酸與鈣、鐵、鋁的絡(luò)合/沉淀常數(shù)分別為3.00、20.20、16.30;檸檬酸與鈣、鐵、鋁的絡(luò)合/沉淀常數(shù)分別為3.42、25.00、20.00,遠(yuǎn)高于相應(yīng)鈣、鐵、鋁等離子與磷酸鹽的絡(luò)合/沉淀常數(shù)。因此,前人認(rèn)為,PSB在活化土壤難溶性磷酸鹽過程中,草酸和檸檬酸的絡(luò)合/沉淀作用至關(guān)重要[35-36]。此外,草酸和乙酸的離解常數(shù)(pKa,25℃)分別為4.27和4.76,可電離出大量的氫離子,故有人發(fā)現(xiàn)氫離子能直接溶解難溶性無機(jī)磷[35]。在本項(xiàng)研究中,PSB的氫離子和有機(jī)酸分泌總量與溶磷量呈顯著正相關(guān)(r有機(jī)酸= 0.836*,r氫離子= 0.947*,n = 12)。因此,有理由推測(cè)EAR抑制PSB分泌有機(jī)酸和氫離子可能是溶磷圈減小,溶磷指數(shù)和溶磷量降低的原因之一。

      在PSB培養(yǎng)液中加入EAR,不同程度地降低溶液有機(jī)酸和氫離子濃度,說明它們的合成與分泌可能受到抑制。研究表明,PSB合成的有機(jī)酸主要源于三羧酸循環(huán)(TAC)和次生代謝,有機(jī)酸和氫離子分泌涉及細(xì)胞膜上的質(zhì)子泵、載體蛋白和陰離子通道[37]??招纳徸硬輧?nèi)含類黃酮、酚類和三萜皂甙類等多種化感物質(zhì),類黃酮可破壞微生物細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致膜電子傳遞、營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收及ATP合成與分解等功能出現(xiàn)障礙[29,38];酚類使蛋白質(zhì)凝固或變性,降低有機(jī)酸生物合成酶的活性[39];在細(xì)菌體內(nèi),EAR中的某些化學(xué)成分可抑制某些與物質(zhì)代謝有關(guān)酶的基因表達(dá)和RNA合成[19]。因此,EAR中的化感成分也可能通過破壞PSB細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu),改變通道蛋白構(gòu)象,抑制三羧酸循環(huán)和次生代謝相關(guān)酶的活性或基因表達(dá)等,妨礙PSB合成分泌有機(jī)酸和氫離子。從細(xì)胞和分子水平上進(jìn)一步開展有關(guān)研究有益于揭示空心蓮子草的侵入機(jī)制。

      4 結(jié) 論

      EAR對(duì)PSB呈負(fù)化感效應(yīng),不同程度地抑制PSB繁殖生長(zhǎng)、有機(jī)酸和氫離子分泌及無機(jī)磷溶解。在空心蓮子草侵入過程中,EAR抑制PSB溶解無機(jī)磷,無益于提高土壤難溶性無機(jī)磷的生物有效性,從而影響其他植物從土壤中獲取磷素營(yíng)養(yǎng),空心蓮子草則通過根系較強(qiáng)的親和能力吸收磷而滿足自身磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要,從而擴(kuò)大自己的種群數(shù)量,排除其他植物,形成單優(yōu)種群。

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      (責(zé)任編輯:盧 萍)

      Negative Allelopathic Effects of Root Exudate of Alternanthera Philoxeroides on Growth and Phosphate Dissolution of Inorganic Phosphorus Bacteria

      WANG Yushu1LIU Hai1,2YUAN Ling1?
      (1 College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)
      (2 Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Guiyang 550006,China)

      【Objective】Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb,a kind of ill weed hard to eliminate in the world,is able to grow in both soils and waters low in available phosphorus(P)and now widely distributed in over twenty provinces(regions or municipalities)in this country,causing enormous hazard to agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and aquiculture. It is,therefore,essential to get to know how the weed affects microbes transforming inorganic P in soil. Hopefully,the knowledge will help understand its invasive mechanism,and serve as a scientific basis for effective control of the weed.【Method】Plants of A. philoxeroides were gathered and cultured in deionized water(fresh root weight :deionized water volume = 1∶1.5)for 48 hours formed of two cycles of day and night,12 hours each shift,at 25 ℃±2℃with light intensity being 15 000 Lex in the day shift. Then the plants were removed,leaving the water as root exudate solution of the plant for the follow-on experiment,which was designed to have two types of culture media,liquid and solid,inoculated with three P-dissolving strains of Burkholderia Yabunchi(B05,B07 and B09)and then amended with the root exudate solution at exudates of A. philoxeroides roots(EAR)0.000(CK),0.013,0.025,and 0.050 g ml-1,separately. Bacterial colonies on the solid media were measured for diameters and diameters of their P-dissolving rings and then P-dissolving indexes worked out. And the liquid media were analyzed for proton,organic acids,and dissolved phosphorus with a pH meter,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the molybdenum blue colorimetric method,separately.【Result】Bacterial colonies,P-dissolving rings and P-dissolving indexes in the solid culture media decreased with increasing EAR concentration. The effect on was found the highest with Strain B09,which was followed by Strain B05 and B07. In the solid culture media amended with EAR 0.050 g ml-1of the root exudate,bacterial colonies decreased by 40.32%~50.00% in diameter,by 49.09%~67.98%in diameter of P-dissolving rings,and by 9.86%~27.38% in P-dissolving index. Growth of the PSB in the liquid culture media was also inhibited by EAR in varying degrees,and hence their populations reduced by 48.13%~73.03%. In the liquid culture media amended with EAR 0.050 g ml-1,the amount of P dissolved by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)decreased by 47.32%(B05),11.43%(B07)and 36.00%(B09)as compared with the control. All the three tested strains of bacteria released protons,oxalate and citrate into culture solutions. Besides these,acetate was also found in the culture solution of B05,malate of B09,and acetate and succinate of B07. Oxalate and citrate together accounted for 66.02%~74.72% of total organic acids released from PSB. In addition,the content of inorganic P dissolved by the bacteria was positively related to the efflux of proton(r = 0.836,p< 0.05,n = 12)and total organic acids(r = 0.947,p<0.05,n = 12). EAR inhibited significantly the release of protons and organic acids from PSB and hence the dissolution of P remarkably.【Conclusion】Obviously EAR has some negative allelopathic effects on PSB,which are reflected in inhibiting reproduction and growth of the bacteria,their release of protons and organic acids,and P-solubilization in varying degrees. In the invasive process of A. philoxeroides,EAR might inhibit PSB solubilizing inorganic P in the soil,thus hindering P mobilization in the soil and reducing P supply to other plants. In contrast,A. philoxeroides is able to absorb P efficiently through its root high in affinity with P to satisfy its own P requirement,which favors multiplication of its own population,competition for P with other plants and formation of pure A. philoxeroides communities.

      Alternanthera philoxeroides;Allelopathy;Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

      S144

      A

      10.11766/trxb201705180092

      * 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2013CB127405)資助 Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB127405)

      ? 通訊作者 Corresponding author,E-mail:lingyuanh@aliyun.com

      王玉書(1991—),男,山西人,碩士研究生,主要從事土壤微生物研究。Email:969014327@qq.com

      2017-05-18;

      2017-07-10;優(yōu)先數(shù)字出版日期(www.cnki.net):2017-09-04

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