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      唐山市體檢人群脂肪肝患病率調(diào)查分析

      2017-12-16 02:41:54孟昱林張海艷宋寶國周惠蘭金秀平史國輝
      臨床肝膽病雜志 2017年12期
      關(guān)鍵詞:唐山市酒精性脂肪肝

      孟昱林, 張海艷, 宋寶國, 周惠蘭, 金秀平, 史國輝

      (華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院, 河北 唐山 063000)

      唐山市體檢人群脂肪肝患病率調(diào)查分析

      孟昱林, 張海艷, 宋寶國, 周惠蘭, 金秀平, 史國輝

      (華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院, 河北 唐山 063000)

      目的探究唐山市體檢人群脂肪肝患病率情況,以期為脂肪肝的預(yù)防和調(diào)治提供合理依據(jù)。方法采集2014年3月-2016年2月唐山市12 808例體檢人群資料,其中脂肪肝有3540例。統(tǒng)計(jì)年齡、性別、BMI、空腹血糖(FBG)、TC、TG、LDL-C以及肝臟超聲檢查結(jié)果。計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果7151例男性體檢者中脂肪肝2750例(38.46%),5657例女性體檢者中脂肪肝790例(13.96%),男性與女性患病率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=947.25,P<0.01)。不同年齡段(18~29歲、30~39歲、40~49歲、≥50歲)男女間脂肪肝檢出率比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2值分別為337.58、474.06、449.38、12.86,P值均<0.01)。男性、女性在不同BMI[肥胖(BMI≥28)、超重(24≤BMI<28)、正常(BMI<24))]間脂肪肝的檢出率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2值分別為1104.01、500.23,P值均<0.01)。分別對(duì)肥胖(BMI≥28)、超重(24≤BMI<28)、正常(BMI<24)體檢者中男性與女性脂肪肝檢出率進(jìn)行比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2分別為71.24、87.97、323.84,P值均<0.01)。男性、女性體檢者中肥胖及超重人群脂肪肝檢出率均顯著高于正常人群(P值均<0.01)。脂肪肝組與非脂肪肝組FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為17.482、13.698、22.133、27.334,P值均<0.001)。男性體檢者中,脂肪肝與非脂肪肝體檢者間FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為11.288、8.652、11.671、20.118,P值均<0.01);女性體檢者中,脂肪肝與非脂肪肝體檢者間FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為16.816、5.532、15.154、18.507,P值均<0.01)。結(jié)論唐山市成人體檢人群脂肪肝患病率為男性明顯高于女性。導(dǎo)致脂肪肝的主要因素可能是超重或肥胖、高脂血癥、糖代謝異常。

      脂肪肝; 患病率; 數(shù)據(jù)說明, 統(tǒng)計(jì)

      隨著居民膳食結(jié)構(gòu)(高脂肪、高熱量飲食)、生活方式(多坐少動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)減少)的改變,代謝性疾病(肥胖癥、糖尿病以及代謝綜合征等)逐年增加,漸進(jìn)地影響人們的健康。特別是脂肪肝檢出率逐年上升,不管是酒精性脂肪肝還是非酒精性脂肪肝均有進(jìn)展到肝硬化、肝癌甚至肝衰竭的危害[1]。在我國成年人中,脂肪肝的檢出率為12%~15%,脂肪肝通過超聲總體檢出率約為10%,其中因?yàn)榇x因素導(dǎo)致脂肪肝檢出的約占90%。在過去近10年里,多個(gè)城市的脂肪肝患病率增長了1倍[2]。唐山市作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)城市,目前沒有脂肪肝相關(guān)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,本研究對(duì)體檢成人中脂肪肝檢出情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)并分析相關(guān)影響因素,以期為大眾健康宣教、健康管理及促進(jìn)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 研究對(duì)象 收集2014年3月-2016年2月在本院參加體檢的成人12 808例,其中男7151例,女5657例,年齡18~88歲,平均(43.19±14.16)歲。18~29歲2393例,男1160例,女1233例;30~39歲3372例,男1734例,女1638例;40~49歲3286例,男1869例,女1417例;50歲以上3757例,男2388例,女1369例。

      1.2 觀察指標(biāo) BMI、空腹血糖(FPG)、TC、TG、LDL-C、腹部彩超。

      1.3 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)未滿18歲的未成年人;(2)患有病毒性肝炎、藥物性肝炎、惡性腫瘤、慢性胰腺炎、急性感染、腎病綜合征以及有長期應(yīng)用糖皮質(zhì)激素史的體檢者。

      1.4 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 超重或肥胖: 24≤BMI<28為超重,BMI≥28為肥胖。血脂異常[3]:TC≥5.7 mmol/L,TG≥1.7 mmol/L,LDL-C≥3.7 mmol/L。血糖異常:根據(jù)WHO[4](1999年)糖尿病診斷、糖代謝狀態(tài)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],血糖≥6.1 mmol/L。脂肪肝[5]:根據(jù)超聲影像學(xué)表現(xiàn),符合以下3項(xiàng)表現(xiàn)中的2項(xiàng)者診斷為彌漫性脂肪肝:(1)肝臟近場回聲彌漫性增強(qiáng)(“明亮肝”),回聲強(qiáng)于腎臟;(2)肝內(nèi)管道結(jié)構(gòu)顯示不清;(3)肝臟遠(yuǎn)場回聲逐漸衰減。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 不同年齡段男性和女性體檢者的脂肪肝檢出率

      12 808例體檢者中共檢出脂肪肝3540例,總體檢出率為27.64%,其中男2750例,檢出率38.46%,女790例,檢出率13.96%,男性與女性患病率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=947.25,P<0.01)。不同年齡段男女間脂肪肝檢出率比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)。脂肪肝在不同性別、年齡段檢出情況詳見表1。

      表1 脂肪肝在不同性別、年齡段檢出情況[例(%)]

      注:與40~49歲比較,1)P<0.01;與≥50歲比較,2)P<0.01

      2.2 不同BMI男性和女性體檢者的脂肪肝檢出率 男性、女性在不同BMI脂肪肝的檢出率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)。分別對(duì)肥胖、超重、正常體檢者中男性與女性脂肪肝檢出率進(jìn)行比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2分別為71.24、87.97、323.84,P值均<0.01)。男性、女性體檢者中肥胖及超重人群脂肪肝檢出率均顯著高于正常人群(P值均<0.01)(表2)。

      表2 不同BMI男性和女性體檢者的脂肪肝檢出率[例(%)]

      注:與正常組比較,1)P<0.01

      2.3 脂肪肝與非脂肪肝體檢者間各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的比較 12 808例體檢者分為脂肪肝組(n=3540)、非脂肪肝組(n=9268),脂肪肝與非脂肪肝組FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.001)(表3)。

      表3 脂肪肝和非脂肪肝血糖及血脂指標(biāo)的比較

      2.4 不同性別的體檢者間各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的比較 男性體檢者中,脂肪肝與非脂肪肝體檢者間FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01);女性體檢者中,脂肪肝與非脂肪肝體檢者間FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)(表4)。

      3 討論

      脂肪肝是多種因素導(dǎo)致肝臟脂肪(主要為甘油三酯成分)積累過多、代謝平衡失調(diào)的病理狀態(tài),是一種以肝細(xì)胞大泡性脂肪變性為病理特征的異質(zhì)性疾病[6]。唐山市健康人群脂肪肝檢出率為27.64%,其中女性檢出率為13.96%,男性檢出率為38.46%。脂肪肝的檢出率總體上隨年齡增長而增加,其中女性高發(fā)年齡段為50歲以上(檢出率為32.80%), 明顯高于49歲以前; 男性高發(fā)年齡段為40~49歲(檢出率為46.76%);男性在不同年齡段脂肪肝檢出率明顯比女性高,與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[7]。原因可能為男性進(jìn)入30 歲以后,因?yàn)楣ぷ鲏毫Υ蟆?yīng)酬多、不良生活習(xí)慣(如吸煙、飲酒、高脂、高糖飲食等)以及運(yùn)動(dòng)量少等因素引起超重或肥胖,這些都是促成脂肪肝形成的重要因素;而女性50歲以后基本進(jìn)入圍絕經(jīng)期,因?yàn)槁殉补δ軠p弱、體內(nèi)激素紊亂、雌激素水平不同程度地減少、導(dǎo)致脂質(zhì)代謝異常,容易引起肥胖、糖尿病和脂肪肝的發(fā)生[8]。均與性激素的作用有關(guān),雄激素是內(nèi)臟脂肪增加的促進(jìn)因子,而雌激素是內(nèi)臟脂肪增加的抑制因子[9]。

      脂肪肝的檢出率具有地區(qū)性差異,唐山市脂肪肝27.64%的檢出率低于東北沈陽38.1%[10]以及東南沿海深圳30.75%[11]和汕頭28.02%[12]的檢出率;但高于西北延安地區(qū)25.69%[13]、烏魯木齊市26.80%[14]、以及西南重慶地區(qū)15.55%[15]和華東上海市20.82%[16]、贛州市15.8%[17]的檢出率。在同省內(nèi)比較,唐山市脂肪肝的檢出率也高于石家莊地區(qū)23.8%[18]以及河北沿海城鎮(zhèn)21.47%[19]的檢出率。通過比較不同檢出率存在的因素應(yīng)該與不同地域的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度、飲食文化、生活習(xí)慣差異密切相關(guān)。

      脂肪肝作為一種臨床癥狀,不是獨(dú)立的疾病,臨床以超聲檢查最為便捷,但是對(duì)脂肪肝程度的判定需要結(jié)合其他相關(guān)檢查綜合評(píng)估。體檢人群中脂肪肝常見酒精性脂肪肝和非酒精性脂肪肝,臨床防治主要針對(duì)原發(fā)病因進(jìn)行干預(yù)、調(diào)整飲食等綜合措施[20]。因?yàn)椴涣忌盍?xí)慣如長期飲酒導(dǎo)致并加重肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂肪沉積,所以酒精性脂肪肝應(yīng)該戒酒,以此可以改善脂肪肝的癥狀并降低相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[21]。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、生活水平的提高,非酒精性脂肪肝越來越多,國內(nèi)國外都逐漸成為常見的慢性肝臟疾病[22],其中最常見病因主要是肥胖和高脂血癥,應(yīng)該以控制飲食(低脂低糖飲食)和加強(qiáng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為主,達(dá)到減重、降脂的效果,降低脂肪肝的危害。精神壓力和不良情緒等精神心理狀態(tài)是身心疾病研究的切入點(diǎn),所以保持良好心態(tài)對(duì)于防治脂肪肝同樣重要[23]。超重或肥胖、血糖以及血脂代謝異常是導(dǎo)致脂肪肝的主要因素。在今后的臨床科研中,應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大對(duì)脂肪肝的調(diào)查樣本量和樣本范圍,繼續(xù)觀察健康干預(yù)對(duì)脂肪肝的影響,以期為臨床、科研提供更加科學(xué)、客觀的依據(jù),達(dá)到積極防治脂肪肝的目的。

      表4 不同性別脂肪肝、非脂肪肝與血糖、血脂異常等因素分析

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      金萍, 丁媛媛, 王炳元, 等. 東北地區(qū)城市脂肪肝的患病率及其危險(xiǎn)因素的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].胃腸病學(xué)和肝病學(xué)雜志, 2011, 20(7): 617-620, 623.

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      AninvestigationoftheprevalencerateoffattyliverdiseaseamongpeopleundergoingphysicalexaminationinTangshan,China

      MENGYulin,ZHANGHaiyan,SONGBaoguo,etal.

      (TheAffiliatedHospitalofNorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Tangshan,Hebei063000,China)

      ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease among people undergoing physical examination in Tangshan, China, and to provide a reasonable basis for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease.MethodsThe clinical data of 12 808 individuals who underwent physical examination in Tangshan from March 2014 to February 2016 were collected, and among these individuals, 3540 had fatty liver disease. The data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and liver ultrasound findings were analyzed. Thet-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results

      Of all 7151 male individuals who underwent physical examination, 2750 (38.46%) had fatty liver disease, and of all 5657 female individuals, 790 (13.96%) had fatty liver disease; there was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease between male and female individuals (χ2=947.25,P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the detection rate of fatty liver disease between male and female individuals in each age group of 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, and ≥50 years (χ2=337.58, 474.06, 449.38, and 12.86, allP<0.01). There was a significant difference in the detection rate of fatty liver disease between male or female individuals with different BMIs [obese (BMI ≥28), overweight (24≤BMI<28), and normal (BMI<24)] (χ2=1104.01 and 500.23, bothP<0.01). In the three groups of obese (BMI ≥28), overweight (24≤BMI<28), and normal (BMI<24) individuals who underwent physical examination, there was a significant difference in the detection rate of fatty liver disease between male and female individuals in each group (χ2=71.24, 87.97, and 323.84, allP<0.01). Male and female individuals with obesity (BMI ≥28) and overweight (24≤BMI<28) had a significantly higher detection rate of fatty liver disease than those with normal BMI (bothP<0.01). There were significant differences in FPG, TC, TG, and LDL-C between the fatty liver group and the non-fatty liver group (t=17.482, 13.698, 22.133, and 27.334, allP<0.001). In male individuals who underwent physical examination, there were significant differences in FPG, TC, TG, and LDL-C between the individuals with and without fatty liver disease (t=11.288,8.652,11.671, and 20.118, allP<0.01); in female individuals, there were also significant differences in FPG, TC, TG, and LDL-C between the individuals with and without fatty liver disease (t=16.816, 5.532, 15.154, and 18.507, allP<0.01).ConclusionAmong the adults undergoing physical examination in Tangshan, male adults have a significantly higher prevalence rate of fatty liver disease than female adults. Overweight or obesity, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism are major causes of fatty liver disease.

      fatty liver; prevalence; data interpretation statistical

      R575.5

      A

      1001-5256(2017)12-2376-05

      10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2017.12.024

      2017-08-15;修回日期:2017-09-05。 基金項(xiàng)目:唐山市科技局資助課題(14130217a);唐山市科技局資助課題(13130265Z) 作者簡介:孟昱林(1979-),男,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事中西醫(yī)結(jié)合臨床及研究工作。

      引證本文:MENG YL, ZHANG HY, SONG BG, et al. An investigation of the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease among people undergoing physical examination in Tangshan, China[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2017, 33(12): 2376-2380. (in Chinese)

      孟昱林, 張海艷, 宋寶國, 等. 唐山市體檢人群脂肪肝患病率調(diào)查分析[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2017, 33(12): 2376-2380.

      (本文編輯:林 姣)

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