劉慧
金石有緣長(zhǎng)相憶,湖山珍重永留馨——2018年2月28日上午,西泠印社饒宗頤社長(zhǎng)追思會(huì)在香港舉行,人們向饒公作最后致敬,冀饒公一路走好。
饒宗頤先生一生為社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)良多,深受社會(huì)各界人士敬重。在300余人的追思會(huì)上,既有政界、文化界及教育界的知名人士,還有多個(gè)以饒宗頤名字命名的研究院、文化館等團(tuán)體。
饒宗頤先生是蜚聲中外的學(xué)界泰斗和藝術(shù)大家,畢生致力于學(xué)術(shù)研究與教育事業(yè),學(xué)域廣博,創(chuàng)辟多方,才情豐茂,著述宏富,為當(dāng)代國(guó)際漢學(xué)界導(dǎo)夫先路的一代宗師,享有崇高的學(xué)術(shù)地位和影響。饒公的學(xué)術(shù)、藝術(shù)人生和杰出成就,代表了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)文化在當(dāng)代可能達(dá)到的最高點(diǎn),其懿言嘉行、學(xué)術(shù)文章,并足儀范后世,垂百代而不滅。
中國(guó)文聯(lián)副主席、西泠印社副社長(zhǎng)兼秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)陳振濂等出席追思會(huì)。并撰聯(lián)追思饒宗頤社長(zhǎng)——
饒宗頤選堂社長(zhǎng)千古
一燈孤接國(guó)稱賢,人瑞百年立港灣。
大匠治規(guī)空世紀(jì),宗師領(lǐng)范示薪傳。
天人互益倡安頓,東學(xué)西行漸儒蓮。
才備九能驚歐亞,播芳六合映山川。
選堂社長(zhǎng)千古
以學(xué)治社,形僧質(zhì)儒,廣開(kāi)風(fēng)氣,萬(wàn)千辭賦隔座遠(yuǎn);
居?xùn)|望西,出藝入道,獨(dú)去世艱,百二壽耄取意全。
——后學(xué)陳振濂敬挽
饒宗頤先生1917年出生于廣東潮州,幼承家學(xué),致力于地方文史與文獻(xiàn)目錄之學(xué),嶄露頭角,弱冠即側(cè)身名儒,專精學(xué)問(wèn)。上世紀(jì)40年代以來(lái),先后任中國(guó)香港大學(xué)、新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)、法國(guó)巴黎高等研究院、美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)、日本京都大學(xué)、香港中文大學(xué)教授與法國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東學(xué)院院士、法蘭西學(xué)院院士等,曾獲法國(guó)法蘭西學(xué)院頒授有“漢學(xué)界諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”之稱的“儒蓮獎(jiǎng)”、法國(guó)文化部頒授高等藝術(shù)文化勛章、中國(guó)香港特區(qū)政府頒授大紫荊勛章等多種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。
饒宗頤先生學(xué)貫中西、著作等身,通曉多種語(yǔ)言,在傳統(tǒng)文史研究和歷史學(xué)、考古學(xué)、人類學(xué)、近東文明以及藝術(shù)、文獻(xiàn)等多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域均有精深研究,出版學(xué)術(shù)專著六十余種。除治學(xué)之外,精通琴、詩(shī)、書(shū)、畫(huà),具有深厚的藝術(shù)修養(yǎng),曾多次舉辦書(shū)畫(huà)藝術(shù)展,出版書(shū)畫(huà)集多種。擅長(zhǎng)山水畫(huà),寫(xiě)生及于域外山川,不拘一法,而有自己面目。人物畫(huà)取法白描,于李龍眠、仇十洲、陳老蓮諸家之外,開(kāi)一新路。書(shū)法植根于金石文字,行草書(shū)融入明末諸家豪縱韻趣,篆隸兼采冬心、完白之長(zhǎng),自成一格。
西泠印社創(chuàng)立于清光緒三十年(1904),是我國(guó)研究金石篆刻歷史悠久、影響深廣的學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體,在國(guó)際印學(xué)界享有極為崇高的學(xué)術(shù)地位。百年西泠,翰墨春秋。作為“天下第一名社”的西泠印社,從清末到民國(guó)至今,一直肩負(fù)著守護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化藝術(shù)的歷史使命。
陳振濂說(shuō),自1913年吳昌碩被公推為首任社長(zhǎng)后,馬衡、張宗祥、沙孟海、趙樸初和啟功先后擔(dān)任社長(zhǎng)。在第六任社長(zhǎng)啟功去世后,社長(zhǎng)之位空缺6年有余。饒公于庚寅歲執(zhí)掌西泠印社,海內(nèi)學(xué)界藝林,共所宗仰。
饒宗頤先生與杭州結(jié)緣已久。除了與西泠印社的交往外,他跟杭州不少文化界人士都有過(guò)接觸和交往。
不會(huì)忘記,那是2012年6月29日,上午10時(shí)不到,坐落于孤山南麓的西泠印社社史廳“柏堂”前已經(jīng)簇?fù)砹藖?lái)自全國(guó)的媒體。這一天,西泠印社第七任掌門(mén)人、國(guó)學(xué)大師饒宗頤前來(lái)履新。在此駐足的游客,除了欣賞湖山美景,增添許多好奇和期待:究竟需要怎樣的氣度,才能掌起百年名社的帥???
正午時(shí)分,一輛中型巴士??吭趫A洞門(mén)前,一位滿頭銀發(fā)、清朗瘦削的老人被家人緩緩抬上輪椅。
時(shí)年95歲的大師,通透喜樂(lè),從容淡定,面對(duì)眾人的致意,做得最多的動(dòng)作是抱拳回禮,從印社門(mén)口到“柏堂”不到20米的石板路,行了足有5分鐘。
這段路,饒公并不陌生。上世紀(jì)80年代,他曾在著名文字學(xué)家曾憲通先生等人的陪同下訪問(wèn)杭州。
再度來(lái)杭,已接任西泠印社社長(zhǎng)的饒公,心中又有了另一番情懷和使命?!拔揖鸵欣腺u(mài)老,為印社題幾個(gè)字,如何?”在眾人期盼的目光中,老人緩緩起立,脫下外套,踱到方桌前,潤(rùn)墨揮毫,寫(xiě)就四個(gè)蒼勁大字:播芳六合。一縷文脈,就以這樣的方式,得以綿延傳承:“天地之間,六合之內(nèi),我們的國(guó)家如今繁榮昌盛、可上天下海,令人感到驕傲?!?/p>
臨別前,饒公還主動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)社員合影留念。老人又對(duì)身邊的人耳語(yǔ)了幾句,希望在西泠印社前單獨(dú)留一張影。少頃,人群自動(dòng)后退,讓出一塊圓形空地,饒宗頤面對(duì)鏡頭,十指微微交叉,頷首微笑。
此刻溫情,剎那永恒。
2012年11月5日,時(shí)年95歲的饒宗頤作品首次亮相杭州,被贊為“驚心動(dòng)魄”。那日,饒宗頤先生為西泠印社壬辰秋季雅集“百年西泠·翰墨春秋”大型系列活動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)了一場(chǎng)“藝聚西泠饒宗頤社長(zhǎng)書(shū)畫(huà)藝術(shù)特展”。這是繼饒公以西泠印社社長(zhǎng)的身份在6月舉辦“海上因緣”饒宗頤教授上海書(shū)畫(huà)展之后的又一舉措。
由于這次展覽特別有意義,所以饒公希望展品必須極具特色。這次展出了饒公歷年創(chuàng)作的38幅巨幅書(shū)畫(huà)作品,多數(shù)作品因尺幅遠(yuǎn)超一般展覽場(chǎng)館層高,此前未公開(kāi)展出,因而首次公開(kāi)亮相在西子湖畔,意義非凡。
展出的饒公作品中,國(guó)畫(huà)包括融入西北地區(qū)實(shí)際觀感體驗(yàn)的西北山水、取法于敦煌線描的白描人物、常作題材巨幅墨荷、以中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)筆墨描摹海外風(fēng)光的景物寫(xiě)生等;書(shū)法有饒公錄前人詩(shī)文之作、書(shū)自作詩(shī)詞、臨摩崖碑刻等內(nèi)容,也包括了當(dāng)年饒公二進(jìn)西泠印社時(shí)在柏堂內(nèi)書(shū)寫(xiě)的“播芳六合”4個(gè)大字,以及這次專門(mén)書(shū)寫(xiě)贈(zèng)送給西泠印社的“蹋天一磨”書(shū)法條幅。
陳振濂表示,西泠印社壬辰秋季雅集有此一展,足可稱是錦上添花、燦爛輝煌。“這次展覽不但展示了饒宗頤先生這位學(xué)界泰斗學(xué)藝雙修的精深境界,也為當(dāng)代書(shū)畫(huà)藝術(shù)的傳古和開(kāi)新提供了極具價(jià)值的范本?!?/p>
2017年4月8日,“西泠印社創(chuàng)社四君子暨歷任社長(zhǎng)書(shū)畫(huà)篆刻作品展”在香港中央圖書(shū)館開(kāi)幕。那天,已逾百歲高齡的饒宗頤先生現(xiàn)場(chǎng)為“西泠學(xué)堂”題字揭牌。
同時(shí),這也是西泠印社文物典藏首次在香港舉行大型展出,由“印學(xué)重鎮(zhèn)志同結(jié)社——?jiǎng)?chuàng)社四君子”、“西泠巨擘一代宗師——?dú)v任社長(zhǎng)”兩大單元構(gòu)成,共展出西泠印社文物館藏和香港集古齋多年珍藏的書(shū)法、繪畫(huà)、篆刻印章及印稿等105件作品,堪稱一部西泠印社百年簡(jiǎn)史。
亦如饒公曾為西泠印社題寫(xiě)了“播芳六合”一樣,“六合”是為天地,他希望西泠印社的聲譽(yù),如花朵芬芳,播撒天地六合之間。這是饒宗頤社長(zhǎng)對(duì)西泠印社發(fā)展的期許,對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化傳承的希望。
“仁者壽,饒公無(wú)疑就是這樣的仁者、壽者。斯人已去,但他的風(fēng)范、德行和藝術(shù)將長(zhǎng)存于世?!蔽縻鲇∩绺鄙玳L(zhǎng)、著名書(shū)法家朱關(guān)田飽蘸濃墨寫(xiě)下:“太息鯨珠隕南海,長(zhǎng)貽印學(xué)重西泠——朱關(guān)田敬挽?!?/p>
不會(huì)忘記,對(duì)社長(zhǎng)已空缺了6年之久的西泠印社來(lái)說(shuō),2011年12月13日,無(wú)疑是一個(gè)重要的日子——這一海內(nèi)外矚目的百年文人藝術(shù)社團(tuán)再次擁有了掌門(mén)人。
自那天起,許多人重新認(rèn)識(shí)了這個(gè)名字。2011年7月獲國(guó)際天文聯(lián)盟批準(zhǔn),南京紫金山天文臺(tái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的、國(guó)際編號(hào)為10017的小行星被命名為“饒宗頤星”。
亦如這顆小行星,饒宗頤文化世界特有的自信、自足、圓融、和諧開(kāi)始浸潤(rùn)西湖孤山,在饒宗頤眼里,東方與西方?jīng)]有鴻溝,古代與現(xiàn)代沒(méi)有裂罅。
西泠在杭州,是杭州人的福氣;饒宗頤之于西泠,是西泠人的驕傲。饒宗頤無(wú)與倫比的博學(xué)與精深,無(wú)疑為百年西泠注入了新活力——一個(gè)大氣開(kāi)放、海納百川、包容兼收、放眼世界的西泠印社。
不會(huì)忘記,2011年12月16日,從杭州到香港,筆者一路追尋,去拜訪一代國(guó)學(xué)大師饒宗頤。
那天,位于香港德輔道西81―85號(hào)的香港潮州會(huì)館高朋滿座,“西泠印社聘任饒宗頤教授為第七任社長(zhǎng)頒證儀式”在這里舉行。杭州與香港同仁濟(jì)濟(jì)一堂,共同見(jiàn)證這一海內(nèi)外文化藝術(shù)界的喜事。
上午11時(shí),在女兒饒清芬等人的陪伴下,饒宗頤出現(xiàn)在我們面前——白發(fā),白眉,清瘦,一路微笑著走來(lái),年逾九旬的饒宗頤分外精神。
饒宗頤是名人,也可算奇人。這位中國(guó)香港中文大學(xué)名譽(yù)教授,身為美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)、法國(guó)高等研究院、日本京都大學(xué)、中國(guó)北京大學(xué)等世界著名學(xué)府客座教授的大學(xué)問(wèn)家,竟是從廣東潮州走出來(lái)的一名初中生!
這位令人敬仰的饒公,研究領(lǐng)域囊括了上古史、甲骨學(xué)、簡(jiǎn)帛學(xué)、經(jīng)學(xué)、禮樂(lè)學(xué)、宗教學(xué)等13個(gè)門(mén)類,他出版著作60余部,著述3000萬(wàn)言,僅《20世紀(jì)饒宗頤學(xué)術(shù)文集》浩浩12卷,就達(dá)1000多萬(wàn)字。在學(xué)界,饒宗頤是第一位講述巴黎、日本所藏甲骨文的學(xué)者,也是第一個(gè)系統(tǒng)研究殷代貞卜的人物。上世紀(jì)70年代,饒宗頤又首次將敦煌寫(xiě)本《文心雕龍》公之于世,成為研究敦煌寫(xiě)卷書(shū)法的第一人。此后,他專研敦煌寫(xiě)卷中白描畫(huà)稿的《敦煌白畫(huà)》,又填補(bǔ)了敦煌學(xué)研究的空白。
在饒宗頤看來(lái),西泠印社從來(lái)不是只關(guān)注篆刻技法的社團(tuán),而是“博雅之社”“名家之社”“天下之社”——亦如他在孤山柏堂書(shū)寫(xiě)的“播芳六合”一樣,那無(wú)所不在、噴薄而出的文人風(fēng)骨與學(xué)者風(fēng)范,在書(shū)畫(huà)的點(diǎn)畫(huà)暈染中被表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。
時(shí)至今日,香江之水,西湖之漪,篆刻成一枚永恒的印章,深深鐫刻在西泠印社115年的歷史瞬間。
在深夜,守望天邊那顆國(guó)際編號(hào)為10017的小行星——百年西泠印社與饒公的緣分也如“饒宗頤星”一般傳諸久遠(yuǎn)……
(本文照片由作者和西泠印社提供)
Rao Zongyi passed away at 101 on the early morning of February 6, 2018 in Hong Kong. Rao was a celebrated scholar with national and international renown. Among all the honors he had, he was also known as director of Xiling Seal Art Society.
On February 28, 2018, a memorial service was held in Hong Kong to pay last respects to the president Rao Zongyi of Xiling Seal Art Society. About 300 people attended the service, including celebrities from various fields in Hong Kong and people from institutions named after him.
Born in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province in 1917, Rao was a talented scholar since early years of his life. In his career, he first engaged in the study of regional history and bibliographies. A versatile and prolific scholar, Rao Zongyi contributed to many fields of humanities, including history, archaeology, epigraphy, folklores, religion, art history, musicology, literature, and Near Eastern Studies. He published more than 100 books and about 1,000 academic articles over a career spanning more than 80 years. He is widely recognized in sinology across the world. In July 2011, an asteroid--numbered 10017-- was named after him, by the International Astronomical Union as a tribute to his contributions. Hailed as the “pride of Hong Kong” by Premier Li Keqiang during a meeting in Beijing in 2015, Rao often was mentioned along with another “master of Chinese culture”, Ji Xianlin, who died in 2009, as “Rao of the South and Ji of the North”.
Moreover, he was a firmly established artist. He held his solo exhibitions of art and calligraphy. His landscape paintings are acclaimed. His unique calligraphic style is highly appreciated among peer calligraphers.
Founded in 1904, the Xiling Seal Art Society is the oldest existing art society in China. In 1913, Wu Changshuo became its first president and another five followed over decades. Before Rao Zongyi presided at “the number one society under the sun” in 2011, the presidency of the society had been vacant for six years. On December 13, 2011, Rao was selected to be the seventh president of the highly esteemed institution.
As a journalist, I attended a ceremony held on December 16, 2011 in Hong Kong to inaugurate Rao as the president of the society. I also remember vividly the day he came to visit Xiling Seal Art Society in Hangzhou. It was June 29, 2012. Before ten oclock in the morning, media people from all over the country were there in front of the Cypress Hall of the society at the southern side of the Solitary Hill on the West Lake. I was there, too. Rao Zongyi arrived around the noon. He was 95 years old. He was silver haired, a little bit gaunt, and yet cool and bright. He sat in a wheelchair. It took him twenty minutes to cover the 20-meter slab road from the gate of the society to the Cypress Hall.
It wasnt Raos first visit to the highly honored society. He first came to visit the society in the 1980s, accompanied by Zeng Xiantong, a prominent scholar. Now he came back to head the most respectful society. He offered to write an inscription in commemoration of the big occasion. He invited his colleagues present that day to pose for a group photo. Then he asked to be photographed alone. The crowd stepped back, creating a circle of space. He stood there smiling.
Back then, most people in Hangzhou knew about the fame of Rao Zongyi through media, but few had ever seen his masterpieces in painting and calligraphy. On November 5, 2012, they witnessed the best of the presidents calligraphy and art. It was the first time that Raos artworks were displayed in Hangzhou. Some visitors described the masterpieces as astonishingly beautiful and said the experience was soul touching. Back in June, Rao had held a solo art exhibition in Shanghai in the capacity of the president of the society, the first of its kind in the largest metropolis in East China. The exhibition in Hangzhou in November was significant. The president himself wanted to make it special. Altogether, there were 38 paintings and calligraphic pieces on display. They were all gigantic in size. Some had never been exhibited, for the sake of lacking proper spaces for them.
On April 8, 2017, an exhibition was held in Hong Kong to feature masterpieces created by the four founding members of the Xiling Seal Art Society and by all the seven presidents. The 100-year-old Rao attended the opening ceremony.