◎趙仲峰
在復(fù)合句中,由一個句子充當(dāng)賓語,這個句子叫作賓語從句。賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種,在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。在學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句時要遵循它的要領(lǐng),不能盲目的死記硬背。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句我們必須注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.由that引導(dǎo),that引導(dǎo)的是一個表示陳述意義的句子,在句子中無詞匯意義,在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分,在口語中往往省略。例如:
He says(that)he won′t come home on time this evening
他說他今晚不能按時回家
2.由if或whether引導(dǎo),表示一般疑問意義,說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在 ask,wonder,can you tellme等后,(意為“是否,已否,對否等)。例如:
Iwant to know if(whether)he will go to the park with me.
I don't know if(whether)weihua likes fish.
Are you from London?"she asked me.
She asked me if iwas from London.
3.由連接代詞,連接副詞(疑問詞 what,how,where.why,when,who等引導(dǎo),表示特殊疑問意義。注意:只用whether不用if的情況如下:
1,在介詞后面
2,在動詞不定式前
3,當(dāng)與or not連用或提出兩種選擇時
4,賓語從句提前時
無論主句是什么句式,賓語從句必須用陳述句語序。(記憶口快;賓從語序陳述句,連詞之后主、謂跟,從句若是有d,去掉以后作調(diào)整。)
主句+疑問詞+從句(主+謂+其他成分)
Do you know where he lives?
He asked me when and where Ioncemet him?
1.一般來說,主句中的謂語動詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,那么賓語從句可根據(jù)需要,選用任何一種時態(tài)。例如:
I don't remember when he arrived.He says(that)he is at home.
she wants to know if Ihave finished my homework
Do you know when he will be back?
2.如主句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時,那么賓語從句應(yīng)使用過去某一時態(tài)(一般過去式,過去進(jìn)行時,過去將來時,過去完成時)。
The children didn't know who Father Christmas
was
He said(that)hewas in his carwhen thet)he was in his carwhen the accident happened Ididn't know that she was sleeping.
Did you know when he would be back?
3.如賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言,科學(xué)原理等時,賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的限制,用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
Jenny asked me if light travels fasterun than sound.(記憶口訣:主句一般現(xiàn)在時,從句何“時”都可用,主句若是過去時,從句推“時”需相應(yīng);客觀規(guī)律或真理,“一般現(xiàn)在”需巧用。)
英語中表示信念的動詞think,believe等后面的賓語從句表示否定時,習(xí)慣上否定主句謂語動詞,而不否定從句謂語動詞,但譯成漢語時,仍否定從句。例如:
我認(rèn)為他不是工人。
I think that he isn't a worker.(x)
I don't think that he is a worker.(v)
(記憶口訣:1/We think從句要否定,否定主動從不動。
由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句??梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。如:
I don't know what Ishould say=Idon't know what to say.我不知道說什么。
賓語從句的學(xué)習(xí)中我們要學(xué)會總結(jié),理解要領(lǐng),俗話說:劈柴不照紋,累死劈柴人,在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中我們要學(xué)會歸納總結(jié),只要掌握了以上幾點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句就不難了。