加拿大駐華大使館：對大麻實(shí)行法治化并嚴(yán)格規(guī)管是為了阻止大麻接近青少年

李育

我是Marion St-Cyr Lachance，加拿大駐華大使館二等秘書，在中國工作了兩年多，擔(dān)任公共外交官，負(fù)責(zé)媒體關(guān)系、社交媒體和學(xué)術(shù)關(guān)系。在加入大使館之前，我在渥太華加拿大全球事務(wù)部的中國分部和國際教育部工作。

Im Marion St-Cyr Lachance， Second Secretary at the Embassy of Canada in Beijing. I have been working in China for over two years， as a Public Diplomacy Officer responsible for media relations， social media and academic relations. Prior to joining the Embassy， I was working in Ottawa at Global Affairs Canada in the China Division and International Education Division.

采訪摘要

Q：《留學(xué)》記者

A：Marion St-Cyr Lachance

Q：有人預(yù)測，加拿大全國大麻合法，會帶來一定的不安定因素，降低加拿大的安全系數(shù)，影響中國家庭的留學(xué)選擇。您怎么看待這一說法？

A：幾十年來，大麻在加拿大是一種非法物質(zhì)。大麻及其衍生物的非法貿(mào)易由犯罪組織控制，他們不關(guān)心他們出售的東西是否可以被安全消費(fèi)。在這次合法化之前，任何人使用大麻產(chǎn)品都存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

《大麻法》旨在更好地保護(hù)加拿大人的健康和安全。通過嚴(yán)格規(guī)管大麻的生產(chǎn)、供應(yīng)、銷售和擁有，并對違法者實(shí)施嚴(yán)厲懲罰，政府致力于阻止大麻落入青少年之手，并斬?cái)喾缸锓肿雍陀薪M織犯罪從中獲利，目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)加拿大人的健康和安全。

加拿大政府致力于避免兒童和青少年接觸大麻，立法禁止吸引青少年的產(chǎn)品、促銷、包裝和標(biāo)簽，對那些向青少年提供大麻的人實(shí)施新的刑事處罰。

《大麻法》禁止任何人向任何未滿18歲的人出售或提供大麻，部分省和地區(qū)有權(quán)設(shè)定更高的最低年齡限制，例如19歲。

對那些選擇繼續(xù)在法律體系之外運(yùn)作的人，加拿大政府將采取執(zhí)法行動(dòng)，這是消除非法市場的關(guān)鍵因素?；始因T警將繼續(xù)與主要執(zhí)法伙伴合作，打擊有組織犯罪，減少非法大麻市場的犯罪參與。此外，皇家騎警還將提高其收集、評估有組織犯罪參與非法大麻市場和其他相關(guān)犯罪市場的情報(bào)的能力。

Q：中國的家長是不希望孩子吸食大麻的，加拿大部分大學(xué)不允許在學(xué)校內(nèi)吸食大麻，您認(rèn)為這會有效阻止中國學(xué)生接觸大麻嗎？

A：《大麻法》規(guī)定，向未成年人出售大麻是一項(xiàng)具體的刑事犯罪，并對那些將年輕的加拿大人卷入與大麻有關(guān)的犯罪行為進(jìn)行嚴(yán)重的懲罰。

《大麻法》規(guī)定了兩項(xiàng)新的刑事犯罪，最高刑罰為14年監(jiān)禁：

·向青少年提供或出售大麻;和

·利用青少年犯下與大麻有關(guān)的罪行。

為防止青少年使用大麻，《大麻法》還禁止：

·吸引年輕人的產(chǎn)品、促銷、包裝和標(biāo)簽;

·通過自助顯示器或自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)銷售大麻;

·促銷大麻，除非是在年輕人無法看到的有限范圍內(nèi); 和

·虛假、誤導(dǎo)或欺騙性的廣告、贊助、推薦和背書或其他形式可能誘使年輕人使用大麻的促銷活動(dòng)。

違反這些禁令的處罰包括罰款高達(dá)500萬加元，3年監(jiān)禁，或兩者兼施。

加拿大政府承諾在未來5年內(nèi)投資近4600萬加元，用于大麻公共教育和宣傳活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)覆蓋加拿大公民、永久居民和臨時(shí)居民，特別是包括國際學(xué)生在內(nèi)的青少年，幫助他們了解大麻消費(fèi)的健康和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

加拿大大麻合法化并未改變加拿大的邊境規(guī)則。攜帶大麻或任何含有大麻的產(chǎn)品跨越加拿大邊境屬違法行為，無論是離開還是進(jìn)入加拿大，這種行為可能導(dǎo)致國內(nèi)外嚴(yán)重的刑事處罰。即使將大麻用于醫(yī)療目的，此法律也適用。

大麻在大多數(shù)國家都是非法的，以前使用過大麻或當(dāng)?shù)胤山沟娜魏挝镔|(zhì)，可能導(dǎo)致旅行者被拒絕入境目的地國。訪問Travel.gc.ca/cannabis了解更多信息。

Q：您對即將前往加拿大留學(xué)的中國學(xué)生有什么建議？

A：保護(hù)加拿大人的健康和安全是加拿大政府的首要任務(wù)。加拿大是世界上最安全的國家之一，犯罪率非常低，學(xué)校和大學(xué)的校園也為學(xué)生的成長和發(fā)展提供了安全的環(huán)境。

《大麻法》嚴(yán)格規(guī)管大麻的生產(chǎn)、供應(yīng)、銷售和擁有。其目標(biāo)是讓青少年遠(yuǎn)離大麻，并使得犯罪分子和有組織犯罪無利可圖。《大麻法》有幾項(xiàng)措施有助于防止年輕人接觸大麻，包括年齡限制和限制推銷大麻。

加拿大為來自世界各地的學(xué)生提供多元化、包容性和激勵(lì)性的環(huán)境。成千上萬的年輕人前往加拿大，他們的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷變得極為豐富。那些同樣前來加拿大學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，在未來也將同樣獲得豐富的經(jīng)歷。

Q： Some people predict that Canada may be more dangerous in the future because the cannabis becomes legalized， and this change may influence the choice of Chinese families to study in Canada. What do you think of this statement？

A：?For decades， cannabis was an illegal substance in Canada. Illegal trade of cannabis and its derivatives was controlled by criminal organizations which did not care whether the product they sold was safe for consumption. Anybody who consumed cannabis was at risk.

The Cannabis Act is designed to better protect the health and safety of Canadians. Through strict regulation of the production， distribution， sale and possession of cannabis and by imposing strong penalties to those who break the law， the Government aims to keep cannabis out of the hands of youth while keeping profits out of the hands of criminals and organized crime. The objective is to promote the health and safety of Canadians.

The Government of Canada is committed to keeping cannabis out of the hands of children and youth. That is why the legislation prohibits products， promotions， packaging and labelling that are appealing to youth， and imposing a new criminal penalty for those who provide cannabis to youth.

The Cannabis Act prohibits anyone from selling or providing cannabis to any person under the age of 18 years. Provinces and territories have the ability to set a higher minimum age， such as 19 years of age.

Law enforcement action against those who choose to continue to operate outside of the legal system is also a critical element towards eliminating the illegal market. The RCMP will continue to work with key law enforcement partners to combat organized crime and reduce criminal involvement in the illegal cannabis market. Additionally， the RCMP will increase its capacity to collect and assess intelligence on the evolution of organized crime's involvement in the illegal cannabis market and other related criminal markets.

Q：Chinese parents dont want their children to smoke cannabis. Some universities do not allow smoking cannabis in schoolyards. Do you think it can help Chinese students to stay away from cannabis？

A： The Cannabis Act makes it a specific criminal offence to sell cannabis to a minor and create significant penalties for those who engage young Canadians in cannabis-related offences.

The Cannabis Act creates two new criminal offences， with maximum penalties of 14 years in jail for：

·giving or selling cannabis to youth; and

·using a youth to commit a cannabis-related offence.

To prevent youth from using cannabis， the Cannabis Act also prohibits：

·products， promotions， packaging and labelling that are appealing to youth;

·the sale of cannabis through self-service displays or vending machines;

·promotion of cannabis， except in narrow circumstances where the promotion could not be seen by a young person; and

·false， misleading or deceptive advertising， sponsorships， testimonials and endorsements or other forms of promotion that could entice young people to use cannabis.

Penalties for violating these prohibitions include a fine of up to $5 million Canadian dollars， 3 years in jail， or both.

The Government of Canada has committed close to $46 million Canadian dollars over the next five years for cannabis public education and awareness activities. These are to inform Canadians， permanent residents and temporary residents， especially youth including internationals students， of the health and safety risks of cannabis consumption.

The legalization of cannabis in Canada does not change Canadas border rules. Taking cannabis or any product containing cannabis across Canadas international borders either exiting or entering remains illegal and can result in serious criminal penalties at home and abroad. Transporting cannabis used for medical purposes will also remain illegal.

Cannabis is illegal in most countries. Previous use of cannabis， or any substance prohibited by local law， could result in a traveller being denied entry to their destination country. Visit Travel.gc.ca/cannabis to find out more.

Q：What advices do you have for Chinese students who are going to study in Canada？

A： Protecting the health and safety of Canadians is a top priority for the Government of Canada. Canada is one of the safest countries in the world. It has a very low crime rate. The campuses of its schools and universities also provide a safe environment for students to grow and develop.

The Cannabis Act strictly regulates the production， distribution， sale and possession of cannabis. Its objective is to keep cannabis out of the hands of youth and profits out of the hands of criminals and organized crime. The Cannabis Act has several measures that help prevent youth from accessing cannabis. These include both age restrictions and restricting the promotion of cannabis.

Canada offers a diverse， inclusive and stimulating environment to students from all over the world. Hundreds of thousands of youth have travelled to Canada and found their experience extremely enriching. Students who follow in their footsteps in the future to further their education will have the same rewarding experience.