劉慶延
高考英語高分檔次的作文要求考生根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容要點,能夠應用較多詞匯和一些高級詞匯,使用較多的語法結構和一定的句型,有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使全文結構緊湊,具備較強的語言運用能力。 因此,高中生要想在高考得高分作文, 除了確定時態(tài)及人稱,有效使用連詞、使段與段、句與句明晰、做到文意與結構上層次分明、條理清楚外,詞匯的選擇和句式的變化是高分作文的關鍵。
一、選詞要靈活多變,多使用高級詞匯
1.多使用升級詞匯
英語詞匯豐富,一詞多義、同義詞數(shù)量巨大,在寫作過程中,遇到的最大困難就是詞匯匱乏,造成表達思想時,找不到合適的單詞,轉(zhuǎn)向使用簡單的詞匯,沒有將自己以前所學的單詞“升級”,導致思想表達不準確、不高級。
例如,一想到“好”,就是“good”;一想到“壞”,就是“bad”,一想到“美麗”就是“beautiful”。這樣的低能詞匯,會讓老師感到疲倦。
①very可替換為 exremely, surprisingly
②finally可替換為last but not least
③many 可替換為a sea of, an ocean of, countless, an army of, a host of,a variety number of, numerous, a great deal of
④like sth可替換為be fond of,be crazy about sth,fall in love with sth
⑤should 可替換為 be supposed to
⑥think可替換為take the attitude that/harbor the idea that
⑦immediately可替換為in no time, in a flash
⑧difficult 可替換為 challenging
2.多使用最新所學的詞匯
①beautiful 可替換為 attractive, appealing
②important 可替換為vital 至關重要的, essential 必不可少的, significant 有重要意義的;
③美麗的beautiful可替換為 appealing動人的, attractive吸引人的charming迷人的 fascinating 迷人的
④in my opinion 可替換為 from my perspective,from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, personally,… 在我看來,…
3.多使用短語,替代單詞
把某些常見單詞轉(zhuǎn)化為短語,體現(xiàn)活用短語能力。
①參加 join 可替換為take part in
②使用use可替換為→make good use of
③拜訪visit 可替換為pay a visit to
④重要的important 可替換為of great importance
⑤有害的harmful 可替換為of great harm
⑥有價值的valuable 可替換為 of great value
⑦看見 see可替換為 at the sight of
4.多使用“具體化”單詞
使用具體化單詞是指換掉某些表意不明確的單詞,換上表意更加明確具體的單詞,或者在句中適當增加細節(jié)成分,讓句子的含義更加豐富,讓讀者更容易由句子展開豐富的聯(lián)想。
Mr Wang is a a good teacher. 可替換為:Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
A kind, patient and knowledgeable就比 good 具體說清楚,說出老師好在哪些方面,將原本毫無生氣的句子頓時變得生動形象了。
二、句型要豐富多彩
高考英語作文重在設計,設計出讓閱卷老師眼前一亮的句子,應用語法知識,寫出感嘆句、倒裝句、復合句、強調(diào)句、非謂語動詞、獨立主格結構等,頻變句型結構,使整篇文章句型豐富,不單一,能讓你的作文在高考中拿到高分。
1.運用雙重否定句替代肯定句
(1)我們每學期都要去敬老院看望老人。
可翻譯為:We never fails to go to the nursing-house to visit the seniors each term.
(2)這個小孩一直哭到媽媽回來。
可翻譯為:The baby didn't stop crying until his mum came.
(3)出入圖書館每個學生必須出示學生證
可翻譯為: Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card.
2.使用倒裝句替代陳述句
(1)以否定詞開頭,使用部分倒裝
I will never give up.可替換為:Never will I give up.
其他的否定詞,如not, seldom,hardly,never,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumstance等開頭后面的句子,采用倒裝都屬于更好的表達。
(2)以地點狀語開頭,使用完全倒裝The library is in the center of our school.
可替換為:In the center of our school lies the library.
(3)“only+狀語”位于句首,使用部分倒裝Onlyin this way can I make progress.
3.使用被動句替代主動句
英語經(jīng)常用物稱或形式主語開頭,強調(diào)一件事發(fā)生在什么人身上,而漢語經(jīng)常用人稱開頭強調(diào)一個人發(fā)生了什么事, 所以漢語幾乎整篇文章都使用主動語態(tài)。在英文中,使用被動語態(tài)可以引出主題、突出主題,讓寫作更符合英語的表達習慣。再者文章大多都是主動句,偶爾出現(xiàn)一個被動句,會讓文章增色不少。
例如:我們每次可以借三本書,借閱時間為15天。 We can borrow three books at a time,and we can keep them for fifteen days.
就不如翻譯At most three books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for fifteen days.
再如:隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展,人們在各個領域都使用計算機。With the development of the science and techology, We use the computers in various fields
就不如翻譯為: With the development of the science and techology, computers are used in various fields.
4.使用分詞等非謂語動詞結構
使用非謂語結構(分詞短語、動名詞或不定式短語),適當運用各種從句(定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句)是有效途徑。在寫作時能使 行文簡潔形象且避免語句錯誤, 使英語表達簡練,地道。
(1)when he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
可替換為:On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
或者Having arrived in Beijing. he gave me an e-mail.
(2)I won't believe what he says.
可替換為:No matter what he says, I won't believe.
(3)The question is being discussed, it is of great importance.
可替換為:The question being discussed is of great importance.
(4)生活沒有目標就像航海沒有指南針。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
(5)由于暴風雨,所有的飛機都被取消,旅客只有乘火車了。
All flights had been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
就不如翻譯為:All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
(6)After supper was finished, we started to discuss the match.
可替換為: Supper finished ,we started to discuss the match.
高分作文練習:(新課標全國卷)假定你是李華,從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上得知一個國際中學生組織將在新加坡舉辦夏令營,歡迎各國學生參加。請寫一封電子郵件申請參加。
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a middle school student from China. Ive learned on the Internet that your summer camp, which is going to be held in Singapore (復雜句型,that 引導賓語從句,從句又包含一個which引導的非限制性定語從句) is round the corner(亮點短語). I am really interested in it.
I am active and enjoy various activities(亮點詞匯), and hope to take part in it very much.I know the ability of communication is of importance(名詞短語替代形容詞) and I can speak English quite fluently(亮點詞匯). In addition(遞進關系), in your camp, there are so many students from different countries. Therefore, I can communicate with the students from different parts of the world. Not only(倒裝句)can I introduce China to them, but I can know more about their countries as well.
此外, 完美的段落分配,清晰的結構、長短句的搭配順暢的連詞和干凈認真的書寫也是高分作文的亮點。同學們只要做到抓住這些亮點,評卷老師一定不會吝惜給你高分。