常春藤盟校是指美國東北部八所院校組成的體育賽事聯(lián)盟。這八所院校包括:布朗大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)、康奈爾大學(xué)、達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院、哈佛大學(xué)、賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)及耶魯大學(xué)。它們都是私立大學(xué),美國一流名校,其中七所是在英國殖民時期建立的。各校之間早在19世紀(jì)末期就有體育競賽。1956年,各校訂立體育競賽規(guī)則,同時訂立了常春藤盟校的規(guī)章。早期的常春藤盟校只有哈佛、耶魯、哥倫比亞和普林斯頓4所大學(xué)。4的羅馬數(shù)字為Ⅳ,加上一個詞尾Y,就成了IVY,常春藤盟校的名稱由此而來。后來這個聯(lián)盟增加到8所學(xué)校。
情景對話
Jennifer:Have you heard back anything on your college APS?
Ollie:No,not yet...I’ve been sitting on the edge of my seat about it since February when I got the last paperwork in.If I don’t get into one of the Ivies,I just don’t know what I’ll do!
Jennifer:One of the Ivies?Really?Which one did you apply for?
Ollie:All eight of them!Brown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,Harvard,Princeton,Yale,and University of Pennsylvania.My first choice is Yale,but I’d go for any of the eight.I didn’t apply to any other schools.
Jennifer:Seriously?I don’t know what’s so special about those schools.Why do they call them Ivy League anyway?
Ollie:The ivy refers to the plant that grows on the buildings of course.In the 1800s,students would start the year with a tradition of planting ivy.The eight Ivies were the eight old schools that had this tradition.The Ivy League designation(名稱)originally meant the collegiate(學(xué)院的)athletic conference of sports teams from those eight private schools,but now the term Ivy League means academic excellence,selec-tivity in admissions,and...
Jennifer:...elitism(精英統(tǒng)治).
Ollie:Well,maybe it is a bit elite,but they are the oldest schools in the nation.Seven of the eight schools were started before the United States was even a country!Cornell was founded in 1865,but all the others were chartered(授權(quán))before the American Revolution and are seven out of nine colonial colleges.Ivy League schools are the most prestigious(聲譽(yù)很高的)and are always in the top in worldwide rankings.
Jennifer:So they really are better schools?
Ollie:I guess it depends on what you’re looking for in a school,but they get millions of dollars in research grants and other financial support from federal and state government.Harvard’s financial endowment(捐贈)is over$32 billion dollars,the largest financial endowment of any university in the world.
Jennifer:I don’t know if I’d like to be at such a big school...
Ollie:They aren’t really that big.Enrollment is a little bit larger than a typical liberal arts school,but smaller than a public state university.Anywhere from 4,000 to 14,000 students.There aren’t as many people enrolled as you think.
Jennifer:Guess that means it’s hard to get in!Best of luck to you!
珍妮弗:你申請的大學(xué)給你回音了嗎?
奧利:沒,還沒呢……從2月份我遞交了最后一份書面材料后,我就一直坐著焦急地等消息呢。如果我進(jìn)不了常春藤盟校的學(xué)校,我真不知道自己該怎么辦!
珍妮弗:常春藤盟校的學(xué)校?真的嗎?你申請了哪一所?
奧利:我申請了這個聯(lián)盟里的全部八所高校!布朗大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)、康奈爾大學(xué)、達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院、哈佛大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)。我首選耶魯大學(xué),不過這八所中任意一所我都愿意去。
珍妮弗:真的嗎?我不知道那些學(xué)校有什么特別之處。為什么它們被稱作常春藤盟校呢?
奧利:常春藤當(dāng)然是指生長在建筑物的墻壁上的一種植物。在19世紀(jì),每年年初,學(xué)生們有種常春藤的傳統(tǒng)。而這八所高校都是多年沿襲這一傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)府。起初,常春藤盟校來自這八所高校的體育運(yùn)動學(xué)院聯(lián)盟。不過現(xiàn)在的常春藤盟校是指卓越的學(xué)術(shù)成就、選拔入學(xué)……
珍妮弗:……精英群體。
奧利:嗯,可能是比較精英化。不過它們是美國最古老的高校了,其中七所在美國建國以前就有了!康奈爾大學(xué)建于1865年,其余七所在美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭以前就建立了。殖民時期的高校共九所,其中就包括這七所。常春藤盟校高校是聲譽(yù)最高的,也一直是全世界頂尖的。
珍妮弗:所以它們真的比其他高校要好,對嗎?
奧利:我想,這要看你想在高校里學(xué)什么。不過他們能從聯(lián)邦政府和美國政府那里得到數(shù)百萬美元的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)以及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)贊助。哈佛大學(xué)獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)贊助超過320億美元,位列世界第一位。
珍妮弗:我也不知道自己想不想去這樣大的學(xué)府……
奧利:它們實際上也沒有那么大,招生人數(shù)比一般的文科院校多一點(diǎn),但比公立的州立大學(xué)要少一點(diǎn),4,000到14,000名學(xué)生不等。招生人數(shù)沒有你想的那么多。
珍妮弗:我想,那意味著這些學(xué)校很不容易進(jìn)入!祝你好運(yùn)啦!
Reading check
Please write a composition with 150 words to introduce the Ivy League to your classmates.