山西 安琳娜
由“元音字母+r”所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)一共有五個(gè),即ar、er、ir、or和ur。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.ar的讀音
① ar一般讀作/ɑ?/。例如:
hard/hɑ?d/,garden/'gɑ?dn/,market/'mɑ?k?t/,park/pɑ?k/,farm/fɑ?m/,smart/smɑ?t/,scarf/skɑ?f/
②在音素/w/之后,ar讀作/??/。例如:
war/w??(r)/,warm/w??m/,warmth/w??mθ/,warn/w??n/
③在非重讀音節(jié)中,ar讀作/?/。例如:
dollar/'d?l?(r)/,popular/'p?pj?l?(r)/,sugar/'??g?(r)/,similar/'s?m?l?(r)/
2.er的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,er讀作長元音/з?/。例如:
her/hз(?)?/,dessert/d?'zз?t/,prefer/pr?'fз?(r)/,person/'pз?sn/,service/'sз?v?s/
【特例】在單詞clerk中,er讀作 /ɑ?/。
②在非重讀音節(jié)中,er讀作短元音/?/。例如:
answer/'ɑ?ns?(r)/,computer/k?m'pju?t?(r)/,daughter/'d??t?(r)/,concert/'k?ns?t/,shower/'?a??(r)/,exercise/'eks?sa?z/,never/'nev?(r)/,percent/p?'sent/,proper/'pr?p?(r)/,sister/'s?st?(r)/
3.ir的讀音
一般情況下,ir都讀作長元音的/з:/。例如:
bird/bз?d/,dirty/'dз?ti/,first/fз?st/,shirt/?з?t/,thirty/'θз?ti/,birthday/'bз?θde?/,girl/gз?l/,sir/sз?(r)/
4.or的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,or常讀作/??/。例如:
sport/sp??t/,morning/'m??n??/,born/b??n/,important/?m'p??tnt/,north/n??θ/
【特例】airport中的or在非重讀音節(jié)里,但也發(fā)/??/。
②在音素/w/之后,or讀作長元音/з?/。例如:
word/wз?d/,worse/wз?s/,worker/'wз?k?(r)/,world/wз?ld/,worth/wз?θ/
③在非重讀音節(jié)中,or發(fā)短元音的/?/。例如:
color/'k?l?(r)/,actor/'?kt?(r)/,neighborhood/'ne?b?h?d/,forget/f?'get/
5.ur的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,ur讀作長元音/з?/。例如:
Thursday/'θз?zde?/,survey/'sз?ve?/,turkey/'tз?ki/,nurse/nз?s/,purple/'pз?pl/,
②在非重讀音節(jié)中,ur讀作短元音/?/。例如:
Saturday/'s?t?de?/,surpised/s?'pra?zd/,yogurt/'j?g?t/
【注意】當(dāng)元音字母后面有兩個(gè)r時(shí),我們不能把其中的“元音字母+r”看作-r音節(jié),而只能當(dāng)作元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的發(fā)音,因此hurry中的u讀/?/、carrot中的a讀/?/、sorry中的o讀 /?/、worry中的o讀/?/。
由“元音字母組合+r”所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)常見的有七個(gè),即air、ear、eer、eir、oar、oor和our。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.air常讀作/e?/。例如:
airport/'e?p??t/,chair/t?e?(r)/,pair/pe?(r)/,repair/r?'pe?(r)/,fair/fe?(r)/,stair(樓梯)/ste?(r)/
2.ear常讀作/??/,有時(shí)也讀作/з?/或者/e?/。例如:
dear/d??(r)/,near/n??/,early/'з?li/,learn/lз?n/,research/r?'sз?t?/,bear/be?(r)/,wear/we?(r)/
【特例】在單詞heart中,ear讀作/ɑ?/。
3.eer常讀作/??/。例如:
beer/b??(r)/,deer/d??(r)/,volunteer/,v?l?n't??(r)/,engineer/,end??'n??(r)/,cheer/t???(r)/,peer/p??(r)/
4.eir常讀作/e?/,偶爾讀作/??/。例如:
their/ee?(r)/,heirship(繼承權(quán))/'e???p/,weir(攔河壩)/w??(r)/,keir(染缸)/k??/
5.oar常讀作/??/。例如:
board/b??d/,aboard(在船上;在飛機(jī)上)/?'b??d/,coarse(粗糙的;粗俗的)/k??s/
6.oor常讀作/??/。例如:
floor/fl??(r)/,door/d??/,moor(荒野)/m??(r)/
7.our通常讀作/??/,有時(shí)也讀作/a??/或/??/。例如:
four/f??(r)/,fourteen/,f??ti?n/,pour/p??(r)/,your/j??(r)/,yours/j??z/,yourself/j??'self/,our/'a??(r)/,hour/'a??(r)/,tour/t??(r)/
由“元音字母+re”所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)一共有五個(gè),即are、ere、ire、ore和ure。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.are通常讀作/e?/,有時(shí)也讀作/e?r/。例如:
care/ke? (r)/,share/?e? (r)/,spare/spe?(r)/,dare/de?(r)/,parent/'pe?r?nt/
【特例】單詞are讀作/ɑ?/或者/?/。
2.ere通常發(fā)/e?/,有時(shí)也讀作/??/。例如:
there/ee?(r)/,where/we?(r)/,here/h??/,fere(伴侶)/f??/
3.ire常讀作/a??/。例如:
tired/'ta??d/,fire/fa??(r)/,admire(欽佩;贊美)/?d'ma??(r)/,ceasefire(?;?;停戰(zhàn))/'si:sfa??(r)/
4.ore一般只讀作/??/。例如:
before/b?'f??(r)/,store/st??(r)/,more/m??(r)/,bore/b??(r)/,chore/t???(r)/,sore/s??(r)/
5.ure在重讀音節(jié)中常讀作雙元音/??/,在非重讀音節(jié)中卻發(fā)短音/?/。例如:
sure/???(r)/,ensure/?n'???(r)/,picture/'p?kt??(r)/,lecture/'lekt??(r)/,temperature/'tempr?t??(r)/
根據(jù)r音節(jié)的一般讀音規(guī)律,給出下列單詞中畫線部分的讀音。
1.pork 2.hard 3.short
4.term 5.later 6.forward
7.chair 8.daughter 9.dear
10.earth 11.pioneer 12.course
13.party 14.towards 15.hair
16.dare 17.more 18.pleasure
19.work 20.doctor 21.thirsty
22.where 23.culture 24.fear
25.grammar 26.keyboard 27.score
28.skirt
(答案見第64頁)