江蘇南京市浦口區(qū)城東小學(xué) 李 玲
牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)譯林版六年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 6 An Interesting Country的單元主題是介紹國(guó)家。教材在Story time板塊和Fun time板塊分別對(duì)澳大利亞和英國(guó)兩個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行了有趣的介紹,而在本單元的綜合復(fù)習(xí)板塊中沒有安排寫作訓(xùn)練。上課之前筆者就想,筆者何不利用教材作為范本,開展寫作訓(xùn)練,也讓學(xué)生寫出中國(guó)的魅力所在。
T:Boys and girls,do you think China is an interesting country like Australia and The UK?
S1:Yes,of course.(小胡同學(xué)回答得鏗鏘有力、充滿自豪之情)
T:So do you want to write a passage about China like the book?
S1:Yes(聲音洪亮),but it is difficult for me,I don't know what to write.(面露出想寫又不會(huì)寫的糾結(jié))
Ss:Me too.
T:Oh,I'm sorry to hear that.But please don't worry.Let's read the passages about Australia and The UK again,what aspects do the writers write about,can you find?
S2:The interesting animals.
S3:The interesting sports.
S4:The interesting cities or places.
…
在筆者的引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生們快速總結(jié)出文章是從動(dòng)物、運(yùn)動(dòng)、城市三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行介紹的。把他們總結(jié)的三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)寫在“China”的周圍,構(gòu)建以“China”為核心詞的思維導(dǎo)圖。忽然就聽小胡同學(xué)興奮地說:“哦,我知道了,我們也可以從動(dòng)物、運(yùn)動(dòng)、城市三個(gè)方面去寫中國(guó),是不是,李老師?”
T:Yes.You are a clever boy.Big hands for you!We can also write China about the animals,the sports and the cities or places.
T:If you want to write about the interesting animals,what adjectives can we use to describe them?What sentences can we use?(頭腦風(fēng)暴,思考運(yùn)用不同的形容詞、句子描述話題)
S5:We can use interesting to describe the animals.
S6:We can use nice to describe the animals.
S7:We can use funny to describe the animals.
S8:We can use cute to describe the animals.
S9:We can use the sentence like“It has....”
S10:We can also use the sentence like “It likes....”
T:Yes. We can use interesting, nice, funny,cute to describe the animals.We can use the sentences like“It has...or It likes...”What about the sports and the cities?
S1:We can use interesting,exciting,funny to describe the sports.We can use the sentences like“People will be...;...is popular in...”(小胡同學(xué)一口氣說出很多關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)話題的詞匯與句子,信心十足)
T:Look,I have a passage about China here,can you complete it now?
這是一個(gè)基于Fun time板塊的填空仿寫寫作練習(xí)。就聽小胡同學(xué)又嚷道:“It is easy for me!”他一邊說一邊快速地完成了填寫,緊跟著其他學(xué)生也都輕松地完成了仿寫填空。
T:Look at the passage.There are some words in it. What are the functions of “and, but, for example and like”?Can you give me more words?
S11:And表示并列連詞,還有too,also,either。
S12:But表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
S13:Like,for example是插入語(yǔ)。
S14:還有表示因果的because,so。
T:When we use them in our passage,we can make our passage clearer and more continuity.
Ss:Oh,I see.(學(xué)生們聽了連連點(diǎn)頭)
機(jī)械的仿寫十分適合作文的基礎(chǔ)教學(xué),教師可以利用仿寫為學(xué)生打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的寫作基礎(chǔ)。但是如果作文教學(xué)只有“仿”而沒有“放”,長(zhǎng)此以往就會(huì)禁錮學(xué)生的思維,無法激發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí),提升學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言能力。因此在經(jīng)歷了“仿”之后,筆者試著學(xué)會(huì)放手,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自己積極創(chuàng)造寫作。
T:I have an e-friend in the UK,she wants to know more about China,can you help me? So what else can we tell her about China?
S15:The interesting food.
S16:The interesting weather.
S17:The interesting festivals.
…
T:I have some different pictures about China for you.Please try to say something about your pic ture to each other in your groups.
S18:There are many interesting animals in China.Pandas are black and white.They are fat and cute.Monkeys are usually brown.They have long tails.They are very funny.
S19:You can visit Beijing in China.It is a big and beautiful city.There are many interesting places,like the Palace Museum,the Summer Palace,the Great Wall and so on.
S20:Table tennis is the national sport in China.It is very popular.Students usually play table tennis at school.
S21:Chinese food is very nice.You can taste a lot of delicious food in China, such as roast duck,rice cakes,dumplings.
…
學(xué)生討論得出文章不僅可以從動(dòng)物、運(yùn)動(dòng)、城市三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行介紹,還可以從食品、天氣、節(jié)日等話題入手。之后筆者給學(xué)生提供不同信息的圖片,在小組內(nèi)進(jìn)行信息差交流。
T:Look at the mind-map on the blackboard.We can use these sentences to write about China.We can write about the interesting animals,sport,food,cites and weather.Can you work in groups to use your own words to write the passage about China now?
Ss:Yes!
學(xué)生們迫不及待地要在小組內(nèi)開始寫作了。一篇以Welcome to China為題的文章在各個(gè)小組中合作寫起來。課后,筆者閱讀到很多優(yōu)秀精彩的習(xí)作,小胡同學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)作文在同伴批改中得到5顆星,光榮地登上了班級(jí)“好作文展示”墻欄上。
Today,I'll tell you about an interesting country—China.
The weather in Hainan is hot, but at the same time it is very cold in Hei Longjiang.So the people in Hainan often eat the watermelons,but the people in Hei Longjiang often eat the hot pot.And the people here love table tennis.It is the national sport in China.It is very popular.Students usually play table tennis at school.
You can visit Beijing in China.It is a big and beautiful city.There are many interesting places,like the Palace Museum,the Summer Palace,the Great Wall and so on.There are many interesting animals in China like the pandas and the monkeys.Pandas are black and white.They are fat and cute.Monkeys are usually brown.They have long tails.They are very funny.
When you are in the street,you will find many bikes.You can ride a bike to enjoy the view.It is very fun in China.
Come and visit China today!
在小學(xué)高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)注重對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程的指導(dǎo),遵循循序漸進(jìn)、小步遞進(jìn)的原則,體現(xiàn)螺旋式上升的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律,有效落實(shí)英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的要求。例如,在本節(jié)課中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生細(xì)讀教材中的范文,在明白了文章的構(gòu)思與布局后,他們會(huì)更加清晰地明白自己每段需要寫些什么,框架作文的訓(xùn)練為學(xué)生后續(xù)寫作做好了準(zhǔn)備。按照小學(xué)生語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律,小學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作的次序應(yīng)是詞、句和段,接下來指導(dǎo)學(xué)生立足單元話題,歸納總結(jié)可以用哪些形容詞和句子描述介紹國(guó)家,拓展詞匯、句型訓(xùn)練。圍繞話題積累詞匯有助于學(xué)生增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的豐富性和生動(dòng)性,充足的話題詞匯是豐富寫作內(nèi)容的捷徑。最后讓學(xué)生模仿范文進(jìn)行段落仿寫,從而使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)話題遷移,這樣的活動(dòng)更有趣味性和挑戰(zhàn)性。在教學(xué)中,先“扶”后“放”,注重對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程的指導(dǎo),遵循循序漸進(jìn)、小步遞進(jìn)的原則,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生由淺入深、由易到難、由少到多地展開寫作,學(xué)生一直在體驗(yàn)、學(xué)寫、學(xué)評(píng),并開展小組合作學(xué)習(xí),進(jìn)行“低起點(diǎn)、小步子”的訓(xùn)練,最后達(dá)成寫作目標(biāo)。
《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》在語(yǔ)言技能“寫”的二級(jí)目標(biāo)中明確要求:能寫出簡(jiǎn)單的問候語(yǔ)和祝福語(yǔ);能根據(jù)圖片、詞語(yǔ)或例句的提示,寫出簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句;能正確地使用大小寫字母和常用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。在明確寫作教學(xué)應(yīng)關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)過程,采用小步遞進(jìn)的原則后,我們需要分析寫作主題,并以此來確定恰當(dāng)?shù)膶懽魅蝿?wù),任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)遵循“低起點(diǎn),多層次”的原則,同時(shí)要考慮學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平。針對(duì)五、六年級(jí)教材的教學(xué),教師應(yīng)從學(xué)生的實(shí)際出發(fā), 充分發(fā)掘教材中的Story time,Grammar time,F(xiàn)un time,Cartoon time以及Checkout Time板塊,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫作指導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生開展改寫、仿寫、擴(kuò)寫、續(xù)寫和創(chuàng)編等多方面的寫作訓(xùn)練,從而切實(shí)提高小學(xué)高年級(jí)學(xué)生的寫作能力。本節(jié)課中,筆者結(jié)合教材中Story time和Fun time板塊對(duì)國(guó)家的介紹,在Checkout time板塊也讓學(xué)生嘗試寫作,不僅鞏固了本單元的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),也切實(shí)提高了學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作能力和綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。
教師以學(xué)生的學(xué)為中心,注重發(fā)揮學(xué)生集體的智慧,讓學(xué)生采用小組合作的方式完成作文,這種依托團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的寫作活動(dòng)降低了學(xué)生寫作時(shí)的焦慮感,拓寬了學(xué)生寫作的思路,使枯燥的寫作活動(dòng)變得豐富而有趣。學(xué)生在自主探究和合作交流的過程中真正理解和掌握了知識(shí),并在合作過程中形成了團(tuán)隊(duì)文化,強(qiáng)化了合作精神。此外,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)所描述的內(nèi)容不同,增加了團(tuán)隊(duì)之間互相閱讀作文的動(dòng)力。信息差的交流豐富了學(xué)生的寫作內(nèi)容,拓展了學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),豐富了話題寫作素材,教師利用學(xué)生的信息差形成的課堂資源,把知識(shí)的單向傳授變成學(xué)生之間的知識(shí)交流。?