山東 董明義

◇詞語用法

it，one

it與one都可用作代詞，代替前面提到過的事物。it指的是與前面提到的事物為同一物，此時it相當(dāng)于“the/this/that/my...+名詞”；one指的是與前面提到過的事物屬于同一類事物，此時的one相當(dāng)于“a/an+名詞”。例如：

I don't have a dictionary.I want to buy one.我沒有詞典，我想買一本。

I like the bike，but I don't have enough money to buy it.我喜歡這輛自行車，但是我沒有足夠的錢買它。

enough

enough可用作形容詞，意為“足夠的；充分的”，可作表語，也可作定語。作定語時，通常放在名詞前面，也可以放在名詞后面。例如：

Ten men is enough.十個人就足夠了。

I have enough time（time enough）to finish the work.我有足夠的時間來完成這項工作。

enough也可用作副詞，意為“足夠地；充分地”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：

Is it warm enough in the room？房間里夠暖和了嗎？

He knows the situation well enough.他對情況了解得非常清楚。

enough還可用作代詞，意為“足夠；充分”，在句中作主語或賓語。例如：

—Would you like another cup of tea？你想再來一杯茶嗎？

—I have had enough.Thank you very much.我喝夠了，非常感謝。

give

give意為“提供；交給”，作及物動詞，后面可接名詞或代詞作賓語。也可接雙賓語，接雙賓語時的語序通常為“give+某人+某物”，但當(dāng)直接賓語為代詞時，要用“give+代詞（指物）+to+某人”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

She gave a correct answer.她給了一個正確的答案。

I gave him a watch on his birthday.在他生日那天我送了他一塊表。

This book is Jim's.Please give it to him.這本書是吉姆的，請把它給他吧。

patient

patient用作形容詞時，意為“有耐心的”，在句中可作表語或定語，表示“對某人有耐心”時，常與介詞with連用。例如：

Please be patient.請忍耐些。

I think I am quite a patient person.我認(rèn)為我是一個相當(dāng)有耐心的人。

He is just a small child，so you must be patient with him.他只不過是個小孩子，你應(yīng)該對他耐心點。

patient還可用作名詞，意為“病人”，是可數(shù)名詞。例如：

The patient is much better today.那個病人今天好多了。

worth

worth用作形容詞時，意為“值……錢；有……價值”。例如：

The picture is worth at least twenty pounds.這張畫至少值20英鎊。

be worth doing意為“……值得做”，注意這個句型是主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義，若表示“……很值得做”，通常用well來修飾，即be well worth doing。例如：

The documentaryA Bite of ChinaⅡis not perfect，but it is worth watching.紀(jì)錄片《舌尖上的中國2》并不完美，但是值得一看。

This book is well worth reading.這本書很值得讀。

besides，except

except意為“除……之外”，通常指“從整體中除去”，所排除的人或物不在所列的范圍之內(nèi)。而besides意為“除……之外（還）”，通常指所排除的人或物與所列的為同一類人或物。例如：

They all went to sleep except me.除我之外，他們都去睡覺了。

She can speak French and Japanese besidesEnglish.除英語外，她還會講法語和日語。

◇中考考例

1.—The fridgesare on sale in the supermarket today.

—Really？ Let's go and buy_______for our new kitchen.

【2018·安徽中考題】

A.one B.it

C.that D.them

【答案與解析】A 答句后句句意為“咱們?nèi)ソo我們的新廚房買一個冰箱吧”，這個“冰箱”是指“促銷中的任意一個冰箱”。故選A項。

2.Cathy checked her paper______ _so that she could get good grades this time.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.careful enough

B.enough careful

C.enough carefully

D.carefully enough

【答案與解析】D 首先要明確修飾動詞要用副詞，所以本句中要用副詞carefully；enough修飾副詞時要放在所修飾的副詞之后。故選D項。

3.Iwillgive a T-shirt_______my brother as a birthday present.

【2018·福建中考題】

A.by B.to C.from

【答案與解析】B give sb.sth.或give sth.to sb.表示“給某人某物”。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)選B項。

4.—The piano lessons are too hard for me.I nearly give up.

—You should be more _______.I believe you'll make it.

【2018·深圳中考題】

A.careful

B.helpful

C.patient

【答案與解析】C careful意為“細(xì)心的”；helpful意為“有幫助的”；patient意為“有耐心的”。根據(jù)句意判斷，應(yīng)選C項。

5.Amazing China（《厲害了，我的國》）wins high praise from the public.I think the documentary is well worth _______.

【2018·泰州中考題】

A.watch B.to watch

C.watching D.watched

【答案與解析】C 表示“……值得做”時，要用“be worth doing sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C項。

6.—Alice，would you like to go hiking with us？

—What a pity！ I am free every day_______today.

【2016·蘭州中考題】

A.for B.except

C.besides D.among

【答案與解析】B 根據(jù)答句后句句意“除了今天我每天都有空”判斷，所排除的事物不在所述范圍內(nèi)。故選B項。

◇鞏固練習(xí)

根據(jù)句意，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案。

1.Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth_______.I think you should go there.

A.to visit B.visiting

C.visit D.visited

2.—Look！ It's raining heavily.Why not take a raincoat with you？

—Well，I'll take _______right now.

A.it B.that

C.one D.this

3.The dining hall is _______to hold 300 people.

A.enough big B.enough small

C.small enough D.big enough

4.David is ill，so you must be_______him.

A.angry with B.patient with

C.worried about D.similar to

5.I borrowed Li Lei's dictionary.Please_______this afternoon.

A.give him it B.give him to it

C.give it to him D.give him it

6._______playing basketball，we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.

A.By B.On

C.Besides D.Except