原作節(jié)選
John Smith stayed with Pocahontas for some days. She learnt some English, and he learnt more of her language. Soon they were good friends.
B u t P o w h a t a ns m e n w a t c h e d Smith carefully, and he could not leave the village. Then one day Powhatan said,“You can go home to Jamestown, John Smith. But you must give me two of your big guns.”
John Smith did not like this, but he could not say no. So he went back to Jamestown, and Pocahontas, Opekankanu, and some Indians went with him.
But the guns were very big, and of course, the Indians could not move them.
“Look,” said Smith. “You cant carry these guns through the forest. But I can give you some gunpowder1 for Powhatan. Here, take it. Be very careful with it.”
“Thank you,” Opekankanu said. “But one day, we want these big guns too. They are very important for us.”
“Perhaps2,” said Smith. “But we want to be your friends, and friends are better than guns.”
That winter, Pocahontas came to Jamestown every week with food for the Englishmen. She learnt many interesting things in Jamestown.
“Look at this, Pocahontas,” John Smith said one day. He had a compass3 in his hand.
“What is it?” Pocahontas asked. She tried to put her finger on the arrow4 in the compass, but she couldnt.
“Its a compass. The arrow always points5 to the north,” Smith said. “Where is the north? Do you know?”
“Of course I know. All my people know that.”
“Well, look — the arrow in the compass knows it too!”
“Why cant I put my finger6 on it?”
Smith smiled. “Because of the glass. You can see through glass, but you cant put your finger through it.”
“Yes,” she said slowly. “But — what is a compass for?”
“It helps us in our ships when we cant see the sky,” he said. “Which way do we go? Where is the North? The compass tells us all that.”
Pocahontas was interested in everything.She loved to talk to John Smith, and she learnt many things about England and the English.
In March and April 1608, two more ships came to Jamestown. Powhatan asked Pocahontas about them.
“How many Englishmen are there now?”he asked.
“There were thirty-eight before the ships came, father. But now there are about a hundred and fifty.”
“Its spring now. They must sow7 corn and vegetables in their fields. Are they doing that?”
“Yes, father. But they arent very good at it. This is a new country for them. They dont understand it.”
“But they must have corn!” Powhatan was angry. “They need food for the winter. We cant give them our corn every year! And we kill animals, birds, and fish for our food— the English must learn to do that too!”
“They are learning, father,” Pocahontas said. “But most of these men come from towns in England. They dont know about these things.”
“Well, they live here now, so they must learn.” said Powhatan. “Or they must give me guns. We have a lot of food in our village, but we need guns. I can give the Englishmen food, but they must give me guns first. Tell that to your English friends, Pocahontas!”
約翰·史密斯與波卡洪塔斯在一起待了一些日子。她學(xué)會(huì)了一些英語,而他也學(xué)會(huì)了更多的印第安語。他們很快就成了好朋友。
但波瓦坦的手下把史密斯看得很緊,他無法離開村子。一天,波瓦坦說:“約翰·史密斯,你可以回到詹姆斯敦。但你必須送給我兩門你們的大炮?!?/p>
約翰·史密斯并不愿意這樣做,但他別無選擇。于是波卡洪塔斯、奧皮坎卡努和一些印第安人跟他一同回到了詹姆斯敦。
但大炮太大了,印第安人當(dāng)然沒辦法挪動(dòng)它們。
“看,”史密斯說,“你們沒法帶著這些大炮穿越森林。但我可以讓你們帶給波瓦坦一些火藥。在這兒,拿去吧。千萬要小心這個(gè)東西?!?/p>
“謝謝,”奧皮坎卡努說,“總有一天,我們也會(huì)需要這些大炮。它們對(duì)我們來說,非常重要?!?/p>
“或許吧,”史密斯說,“但我們希望成為你們的朋友,朋友要比槍炮好多了?!?/p>
那年冬天,波卡洪塔斯每星期都來詹姆斯敦,給英國人帶來食物。她在詹姆斯敦了解到很多有趣的事物。
一天,約翰·史密斯說:“瞧瞧這個(gè),波卡洪塔斯?!彼掷锬弥粋€(gè)指南針。
“這是什么?”波卡洪塔斯問道。她想把手指放到指南針的箭頭上,卻放不上去。
“這是指南針。它的箭頭總是指向北方,”史密斯說,“哪里是北方?你認(rèn)得出嗎?”
“我當(dāng)然認(rèn)得出。我們這兒所有的人都認(rèn)得出?!?/p>
“好吧,看——指南針里的箭頭也認(rèn)得出北方!”
“為什么我不能把手指放到箭頭上面?”
史密斯笑了。“因?yàn)橛胁A?。你可以透過玻璃看到里面,但你的手指不能透過玻璃摸到里面。”
“的確是這樣,”她慢慢地說道,“不過——指南針是用來做什么的?”
“當(dāng)我們在船上看不清天空的時(shí)候,它就起作用了,”他說,“我們應(yīng)該走哪條路?哪兒是北方?指南針會(huì)告訴我們這一切。”
波卡洪塔斯對(duì)一切都充滿了興趣。她很喜歡與約翰·史密斯交談,還了解到很多跟英國和英國人有關(guān)的事情。
1608年的3月和4月,又有兩艘船來到了詹姆斯敦。波瓦坦向波卡洪塔斯問起此事。
“現(xiàn)在有多少個(gè)英國人了?”他問道。
“在這些船到來之前有38個(gè)人,父親。但目前大約已經(jīng)有150人了。”
“現(xiàn)在是春天,他們一定得在地里種上谷物和蔬菜。他們在種地嗎?”
“是的,父親。但他們不太會(huì)種。對(duì)他們來說,這是一個(gè)新的地區(qū)。他們還不太了解這里怎么種地。”
“可他們必須得有谷物?。 辈ㄍ咛购苌鷼?,“他們需要過冬的食物。我們總不能每年都把自己的谷物送給他們吧!我們還靠打獵、射鳥、捕魚來獲取食物——英國人也必須學(xué)會(huì)這些才行!”
“他們是在學(xué)習(xí),父親,”波卡洪塔斯說,“但他們中的大多數(shù)人都來自英國的城鎮(zhèn),對(duì)這些事還一竅不通呢?!?/p>
“可是,現(xiàn)在他們生活在這里,因此他們必須要學(xué)會(huì),”波瓦坦說,“否則他們就得送給我槍炮。我們村子里有很多食物,但我們需要槍炮。我可以送給英國人食物,但他們必須先給我槍炮才行。去把這些都告訴你的英國朋友,波卡洪塔斯!”
相信許多同學(xué)都看過迪士尼經(jīng)典動(dòng)畫《風(fēng)中奇緣》(Pocahontas)。影片中色彩瑰麗的北美自然景象、淳樸善良的印第安民族、優(yōu)美的主題曲旋律,以及印第安公主波卡洪塔斯(Pocahontas)與英國船長約翰·史密斯(John Smith)沖破種族藩籬的愛情故事,無不令人印象深刻。但大家可能不知道,這個(gè)故事改編自一個(gè)400多年前美國殖民時(shí)期的真實(shí)故事。故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)在維吉尼亞州(Virginia)的詹姆斯敦(Jamestown)。同時(shí),這也是迪士尼第一部讓“非白人”的公主當(dāng)主角,不以圓滿結(jié)局(Happy Ending)作為故事結(jié)尾的動(dòng)畫片,有著深刻的主題與沉重的歷史背景。
影片中美麗天真的波卡洪塔斯在歷史上確有其人,到現(xiàn)在詹姆斯敦還保留著她的雕像。她生于1595年,死于1617年,是波瓦坦(Powhatan)最愛的一位女兒。波瓦坦是生活于維吉尼亞州的阿爾岡昆印第安人(Algonquin Indians)的一位酋長。男主角約翰·史密斯的原型更是一位充滿傳奇色彩的人。作為北美早期的開拓者之一和詹姆斯敦的主要建立者,他極富領(lǐng)袖氣質(zhì),且根據(jù)自身經(jīng)歷出版了一系列有關(guān)新世界冒險(xiǎn)故事的作品。其中有關(guān)波卡洪塔斯的故事就記錄在他的《維吉尼亞簡史》中。
根據(jù)史密斯的描述,印第安人對(duì)他們這群外來人充滿了不信任感。在一次對(duì)臨近地區(qū)的探索中,他和伙伴們被波瓦坦族人俘虜。正當(dāng)他被壓在地上,無數(shù)印第安勇士舉起的木棒準(zhǔn)備一舉敲碎他的頭時(shí),年僅12歲的波卡洪塔斯撲在他的身上,用身體保全了他的性命。這段故事一直被美國人津津樂道,也成為了《風(fēng)中奇緣》的靈感來源。
本期節(jié)選的段落正是波卡洪塔斯與史密斯在此事件之后的互動(dòng)。聰明智慧、好奇心極強(qiáng)的波卡洪塔斯向史密斯學(xué)習(xí)語言,了解西方文明,同時(shí)把自己民族的信仰、文化和傳統(tǒng)傳達(dá)出去。在與酋長父親的對(duì)話中,我們又能清晰地看到她身上體現(xiàn)出的對(duì)和平的向往。
(Cici/賞析)
Tip
Jamestown: 詹姆斯敦,位于美國維吉尼亞(Virginia)州,是英國在北美建立的第一個(gè)永久定居點(diǎn)(settlement)。1492年哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸之后,美洲便成為歐洲大陸各航海大國的覬覦之地。在十五、十六世紀(jì),法國、西班牙、荷蘭和英國陸續(xù)抵達(dá)美洲,試圖建立自己的殖民地。1606年底,三艘輪船駛離英國,在歷經(jīng)4個(gè)月的艱苦航行后,最終抵達(dá)維吉尼亞,建立了第一個(gè)聚落并稱之為Jamestown,用以榮耀當(dāng)時(shí)的英國國王詹姆士(King James)。在這一群殖民者中,最有名的莫過于船長約翰·史密斯(John Smith),他也是這篇故事的重要男主角。