白鋼 李佳 于秋影 沈航先
摘要:為使出租汽車擁有量保持合理的發(fā)展規(guī)模,采用供需平衡法對出租汽車的發(fā)展規(guī)模進(jìn)行測算,以此達(dá)到城市客運(yùn)資源的合理分配,滿足城市居民的出行需求。現(xiàn)對供需平衡理論的基本原理以及運(yùn)算步驟進(jìn)行梳理,然后對出租汽車發(fā)展規(guī)模進(jìn)行測算,計(jì)算出租汽車的總有效行駛里程以及空駛率,得出城市出租汽車總量。最后以黑龍江省某縣客運(yùn)出租汽車的運(yùn)營為例,根據(jù)其客運(yùn)出租汽車運(yùn)營數(shù)據(jù),依照供需平衡模型進(jìn)行運(yùn)算,最終預(yù)測出規(guī)劃期十三年的出租汽車最佳保有量。
關(guān)鍵詞:城市交通;出租汽車;供需平衡法
中圖分類號(hào):U491.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1005-913X(2019)02-0146-02
Calculation of the development scale of taxis based on the balance of supply and demand
Bai Gang1, Li Jia2, Yu Qiuying3, Shen Hangxian3
(1.Harbin Highway Administration Office, Harbin, 150000;
2. Heilongjiang provincial road transport administration, Harbin, 150000;3.North East Forestry University, Traffic College, Harbin 150040)
Abstract: In order to maintain a reasonable scale of development of taxi ownership, the scale of development of taxis is measured by the balance of supply and demand method, so as to achieve a reasonable distribution of urban passenger transportation resources and meet the travel needs of urban residents. Firstly, the basic principles and calculation steps of the theory of supply and demand balance are sorted out. The final state of supply and demand balance is to achieve the two-way optimal economic and social benefits, calculate the travel demand of passenger taxis, and calculate the total effective mileage of taxis. As well as the vacancy rate, the total number of urban taxis is finally obtained. Finally, the operation of the passenger taxi in Huanan County is taken as an example. According to the passenger taxi operation data, the calculation is based on the supply and demand balance model. The final calculations indicate that the optimal number of taxis in 2020, 2025 and 2030 is expected to be 516, 684 and 896 respectively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the development of taxi development scale.
Key words: urban transportation; taxi ownership; supply and demand balance method; travel demand
一、引言
城市交通是城市生活的重要紐帶,是保證城市居民日常工作和生活出行的重要載體,也是城市化發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志。出租汽車作為大容量公共交通方式的重要補(bǔ)充,可以彌補(bǔ)公交車通達(dá)性的不足,并以其方便、快捷、舒適、靈活的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)特點(diǎn)在運(yùn)輸市場中展現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的競爭力。出租汽車客運(yùn)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r也在一定程度上反映了城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、現(xiàn)代化水平和文明程度。
與此同時(shí),我國的機(jī)動(dòng)車擁有量也急劇增長,而城市道路交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)發(fā)展相對滯后,導(dǎo)致許多城市出現(xiàn)了明顯的交通擁堵現(xiàn)象,在這種情形下,全國各地都開始提倡“公交優(yōu)先,大力發(fā)展公共交通”。出租汽車作為城市公共交通的重要組成部分,在居民出行中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,但由于城市道路面積利用緊張、道路容量限制、交通壓力的不斷加重,對道路占用率較高的出租汽車行業(yè)造成了一些不利的影響。因此,合理的出租汽車擁有量不僅能使出租汽車行業(yè)始終保持一種良好的競爭和盈利狀態(tài),而且對緩解交通擁堵,促進(jìn)城市公共交通健康有序發(fā)展和優(yōu)化道路資源配置都有著極為重要的作用。另外,作為分配城市客運(yùn)交通資源的重要手段,出租汽車運(yùn)價(jià)的調(diào)整一直是人們討論的熱點(diǎn)話題,運(yùn)價(jià)的調(diào)整關(guān)系到政府、出租汽車公司、駕駛員和居民三方的利益,如何能夠通過運(yùn)價(jià)來改變居民的出行特征和出行需求,使得出行需求在各種交通方式的分配上能夠達(dá)到平衡。