王英 蔣鵬飛 潘坤 彭俊 徐劍 彭清華
[摘要] 目的 觀察滋陰明目丸對(duì)RCS大鼠視網(wǎng)膜Fas/FasL表達(dá)的影響。 方法 選擇RCS大鼠,(1.51±0.27)月齡,共24只,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為三組:空白組、模型組、滋陰明目丸組(雌雄各4只,n = 8)??瞻捉M:RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠,灌胃生理鹽水;模型組:RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,灌胃生理鹽水;滋陰明目丸組:RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,灌胃滋陰明目丸。灌胃30 d后,免疫組化染色觀察標(biāo)本視網(wǎng)膜各層結(jié)構(gòu)的形態(tài)學(xué)變化,Western blot法測定RCS大鼠視網(wǎng)膜Fas/FasL表達(dá)水平。 結(jié)果 免疫組化染色結(jié)果顯示:空白組大鼠視網(wǎng)膜各層結(jié)構(gòu)清晰;模型組大鼠視網(wǎng)膜的厚度低于空白組,且各層結(jié)構(gòu)不清晰;滋陰明目丸組大鼠視網(wǎng)膜厚度低于空白組但高于模型組,視網(wǎng)膜各層結(jié)構(gòu)較清晰。Western blot法檢測結(jié)果顯示:滋陰明目丸組大鼠視網(wǎng)膜Fas、FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量明顯低于模型組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 滋陰明目丸對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜的超微結(jié)構(gòu)具有保護(hù)作用,能抑制視網(wǎng)膜上Fas/FasL的表達(dá),從而減輕視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞的凋亡,達(dá)到保護(hù)視細(xì)胞的目的。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 滋陰明目丸;RCS大鼠;Fas/FasL;細(xì)胞凋亡
[中圖分類號(hào)] R774.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)06(a)-0025-04
Effects of Ziyin Mingmu Pills on the expression of Fas/FasL in the retina of RCS rats
WANG Ying1,2? ?JIANG Pengfei1,2? ?PAN Kun1,2? ?PENG Jun2,3? ?XU Jian1,2? ?PENG Qinghua1,2,3
1.College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan University of Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan Province, Changsha? ?410208, China; 2.Hu′nan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Hu′nan Province, Changsha? ?410208, China; 3.Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hu′nan University of Chinese Medicine, Hu′nan Province, Changsha? ?410007, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of Ziyin Mingmu Pills on the expression of Fas/FasL in the retina of RCS rats. Methods The RCS rats were selected, aged (1.51±0.27) months, total 24 rats, they were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank group, model group, Ziyin Mingmu Pills group (4 male and 4 female, n = 8). Blank group: RCS (rdy+/+, p+/+) rats were given normal saline by intragastric administration; model group: RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats were given normal saline by intragastric administration; Ziyin Mingmu Pills group: RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats were given Ziyin Mingmu Pills by intragastric administration. After intragastric administration for 30 d, the morphological changes of each layer of the retina sample were observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of Fas/FasL in the retina of rats were determined by Western blot. Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that each layer of retinal structure of the rats in the blank group was clear; the thickness of retina in the model group was lower than that in the blank group and the structure of each layer of retina was not clear; the retinal thickness of Ziyin Mingmu Pills group was lower than that of blank group but higher than that of blank group, the structure of each layer of retina was clear. The results of Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of Fas, FasL protein in the retina of Ziyin Mingmu Pills group was lower than that in the model group, the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Ziyin Mingmu Pills has a protective effect on the ultrastructure of retina, which can inhibit the expression of Fas/FasL of the retina and reduce the apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells, thus achieving the purpose of protecting visual cells.
[Key words] Ziyin Mingmu Pills; RCS rats; Fas/FasL; Cell apoptosis
視網(wǎng)膜色素變性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)又稱為色素性視網(wǎng)膜營養(yǎng)不良,是一種遺傳性視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞的退行性變,其遺傳方式有常染色體顯性遺傳[1]、隱性遺傳[2]及性連鎖隱性遺傳[3]等,性連鎖隱性遺傳較為少見,但視力損害最為嚴(yán)重。多數(shù)患者在青少年時(shí)期發(fā)病,發(fā)病隱匿,常有視網(wǎng)膜電圖(electroretinogram,ERG)異常[4],初始癥狀僅有夜盲,繼而視野縮小,晚期僅殘留中央管狀視野,對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量影響較大[5]。RP的視力損傷主要與視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞的凋亡有關(guān)[6],故本文以RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠為研究對(duì)象,通過觀察滋陰明目丸對(duì)RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)及凋亡相關(guān)因子的影響,探討其治療RP的生物分子學(xué)機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物? RCS大鼠,SPF級(jí),16只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠,8只RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠,均雌雄各半,體重75~130 g,鼠齡(1.51±0.27)月齡,質(zhì)量合格證號(hào):2016 14068。RCS大鼠為遺傳性RP大鼠,廣泛用于RP的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[8],RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠為已有RP大鼠,無需再次造模;RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠為未有RP病變大鼠。
1.1.2 主要儀器? 電泳儀(北京六一儀器廠);輪轉(zhuǎn)石蠟切片機(jī)(徠卡);臺(tái)式高速冷凍離心機(jī)(Thermo);數(shù)碼醫(yī)學(xué)圖像分析系統(tǒng)(深圳市沅恒科技有限公司);掃描儀(日本Canon)等。
1.1.3 主要試藥? 滋陰明目丸(湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院藥劑科);Fas(武漢默沙克生物科技有限公司,批號(hào):kt54223,稀釋度1∶100);FasL(武漢默沙克生物科技有限公司,批號(hào):kt21599,稀釋度1∶100)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分組
將8只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)公鼠通過隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為模型組(4只)和滋陰明目丸組(4只);8只RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)母鼠同樣方法分為模型組(4只)和滋陰明目丸(4)只。空白組:RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠(8只)。
1.3 給藥方法
大鼠購回1周后進(jìn)行灌胃,灌胃時(shí)間為30 d,每日灌胃1次。模型組和空白組灌胃蒸餾水(劑量:12 mL/kg);滋陰明目丸組灌胃滋陰明目丸懸濁溶液(由滋陰明目丸溶于蒸餾水而成,劑量:7.8 g/kg)。實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中動(dòng)物的處理符合中華人民共和國科學(xué)技術(shù)部2006年頒布的實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物治療指導(dǎo)意見的規(guī)定。
1.4 取材方法
灌胃第30天結(jié)束后取材,麻醉RCS大鼠后,迅速摘取兩只眼球,處死大鼠,在顯微鏡下去除多余組織,分離視網(wǎng)膜備行HE染色和Western blot檢測。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo)
1.5.1 免疫組化法觀察各組大鼠視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)改變? 經(jīng)浸蠟、脫蠟、洗蠟、復(fù)水組織切片、滴加Fas/FasL一抗、DAB溶液顯色、復(fù)染、脫水、封片等步驟,在光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察并拍照。
1.5.2 Western blot法檢測Fas/FasL蛋白表達(dá)情況? 經(jīng)蛋白樣品制備、取上清液、測定蛋白質(zhì)含量、凝膠電泳、顯色等步驟,凝膠圖像分析。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 23.0軟件分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行正態(tài)性和方差齊性檢驗(yàn),多組比較采用單因素方差分析(One way-ANOVA),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 RCS大鼠視網(wǎng)膜組織結(jié)構(gòu)
空白組:視網(wǎng)膜色素各層結(jié)構(gòu)清晰(圖1A,封四)。模型組:視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)不清,厚度低于空白組(圖1B,封四)。滋陰明目丸組:視網(wǎng)膜厚度低于空白組,高于模型組,視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)較模型組清晰(圖1C,封四)。
2.2 各組RCS大鼠視網(wǎng)膜Fas/FasL蛋白表達(dá)情況
Fas蛋白表達(dá)情況:模型組蛋白表達(dá)最高,滋陰明目丸組次之,空白組蛋白表達(dá)最低。FasL蛋白表達(dá)情況:模型組蛋白表達(dá)最高,滋陰明目丸組次之,空白組蛋白表達(dá)最低。見圖2。經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),各組Fas、FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)均符合正態(tài)分布,且方差齊性,行單因素方差分析結(jié)果顯示,各組Fas、FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),兩兩比較結(jié)果顯示,模型組Fas及FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)均明顯高于空白組(P < 0.01),滋陰明目丸組FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)亦明顯高于空白組(P < 0.01);滋陰明目丸組Fas及FasL蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)均明顯低于模型組(P < 0.01)。見表1。
3 討論
視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞是視覺形成的重要細(xì)胞[6],而感光細(xì)胞的凋亡是RP視力下降的主要原因,感光細(xì)胞的凋亡受到相關(guān)基因的調(diào)控[7]。視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞很脆弱,一旦受損,便無法再生[8]。Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)介導(dǎo)的受體途徑是細(xì)胞凋亡的經(jīng)典途徑之一[9]。FasL是Fas的天然配體,F(xiàn)as與配體FasL結(jié)合后,通過一系列反應(yīng)過程,引起細(xì)胞凋亡[10-13]。Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)在各類細(xì)胞凋亡中發(fā)揮重要作用,如腫瘤細(xì)胞[14-16]、組織缺血/再灌注損傷后的細(xì)胞凋亡[17]等。在視網(wǎng)膜各類細(xì)胞凋亡中,也有Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)的大量表達(dá)[18],本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)滋陰明目丸組經(jīng)過30 d灌胃治療后,視網(wǎng)膜Fas、FasL的蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)明顯低于模型組,這提示在RP的感光細(xì)胞凋亡中,存在Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控,而滋陰明目丸可以抑制Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)的表達(dá),從而抑制視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞的凋亡。
RP屬于中醫(yī)“高風(fēng)內(nèi)障”范疇,其主要病機(jī)為本虛標(biāo)實(shí),虛中夾瘀,且血瘀貫穿RP的始終[19-24]。已有研究證實(shí),存在RP的RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有“虛中夾瘀”證候[5,25-27],這與RP的中醫(yī)病機(jī)一致,故在臨床上治療RP可取得較好的療效。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)滋陰明目丸可以抑制RP大鼠感光細(xì)胞的凋亡,其機(jī)制可能是抑制了Fas/FasL系統(tǒng)調(diào)控的凋亡途徑,從而改善視網(wǎng)膜組織結(jié)構(gòu)和視功能。
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(收稿日期:2018-10-12? 本文編輯:張瑜杰)