劉玉霞 于振海
【摘? 要】目的:探討胎盤植入的超聲圖像特征及診斷價值,分析漏診原因,以提高胎盤植入的產(chǎn)前超聲診斷率。方法:對 30例產(chǎn)后確診為胎盤植入的聲像圖進行回顧性分析。結(jié)果:1、產(chǎn)前彩色多普勒超聲對前壁肌層胎盤植入的診斷率及檢出率明顯高于非前壁肌層胎盤植入。2、胎盤與子宮肌層界限欠清晰在胎盤植入的表現(xiàn)(胎盤增厚、胎盤與子宮肌層界限不清晰以及胎盤實質(zhì)內(nèi)腔隙性血流情況)中占主要部分。3、中央型前置胎盤的胎盤植入在前置胎盤中的檢出率較高。結(jié)論:胎盤植入的超聲聲像圖特征復雜多樣,仍需進一步提高臨床的診斷率及檢出率; 前壁肌層的胎盤植入以及中央型前置胎盤有利于超聲的診斷及檢出。
【關(guān)鍵詞】胎盤植入;超聲
【中圖分類號】R714.46????? 【文獻標識碼】A????? 【文章編號】1672-3783(2019)03-0021-02
【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the ultrasonographic features and diagnostic value of placenta implantation, and to analyze the causes of missed diagnosis, so as to improve the prenatal ultrasonographic diagnostic rate of placenta implantation..Methods: the sonographic findings of 30 cases of postpartum placenta accreta were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The diagnosis rate and detection rate of placenta implantation in anterior muscle layer by prenatal color Doppler ultrasound were significantly higher than that of non-anterior muscle layer placenta implantation. 2, the placenta and uterine muscle layer boundary is not clear in the placenta implantation performance(placenta thickening, placenta and uterine muscle layer boundary is not clear, and placenta parenchymal lacunal blood flow situation) is the main part. The rate of placenta implantation in the central placenta is higher than that in the placenta.Conclusion:The ultrasonic imaging features of placental implantation are complex and varied, and the diagnostic and detection rates still need to be further improved. The placenta implantation of the anterior muscle layer and the central anterior placenta are conducive to the diagnosis and detection of ultrasound.
【Keyword】placenta accreta; ultrasonic
引言
近年來,隨著二胎政策的放開,剖宮產(chǎn)率呈現(xiàn)逐年上升的趨勢,胎盤植入的發(fā)生率也大幅上升。胎盤植入對孕產(chǎn)婦的生命安全及健康情況產(chǎn)生嚴重威脅。超聲應(yīng)該注重對胎盤植入孕產(chǎn)婦的早期診斷,然而胎盤植入通常缺少典型的超聲聲像圖特征診斷表現(xiàn),為最大可能的提高胎盤植入的醫(yī)學影像學診斷率及檢出率,本研究采用三維超聲和二維超聲對妊娠期胎盤植入孕產(chǎn)婦進行檢查,統(tǒng)計以及分析二維超聲與病理結(jié)果的診斷符合率,分析以及總結(jié)胎盤植入的聲像圖特征?,F(xiàn)將臨床資料報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
產(chǎn)后經(jīng)手術(shù)證實為胎盤植入患者30例,年齡22~41歲,孕周14~41周,孕次1~4次,初產(chǎn)婦6例,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦24例;合并瘢痕子宮21例,前置胎盤11例,重度子癇1例。產(chǎn)前曾在我院進行B超檢查1次14例,2次8例,3次以上8例。
1.2檢查方法
使用VOLUSONGE8、VOLUSONGE10、VOLUSON730、IU22彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,探頭頻率為 5 ~ 1M H z(腹部), 8~ 4MHz(經(jīng)陰道)。孕產(chǎn)婦保持平臥位,通過進行二維常規(guī)腹部超聲掃描,必要時進行陰道超聲,并輔以彩色多普勒和(或)三維超聲作進一步檢查。通過定量以及定性分析胎盤的位置、厚度以及成熟度,仔細觀察胎盤與子宮肌層的邊界以及有無異常回聲的存在(包括后間隙低回聲區(qū))、子宮漿膜層和膀胱壁高回聲區(qū)以及完整性,子宮肌層中液體暗區(qū),仔細觀察子宮肌層和實質(zhì)內(nèi)血流改變和血流量。