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      全腦缺血再灌注誘導大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)GluR6巰基亞硝基化的機制

      2019-10-21 05:44楊紅寧呂蘭欣顏曉慶
      醫(yī)學信息 2019年18期

      楊紅寧 呂蘭欣 顏曉慶

      摘要:目的 ?用大鼠全腦缺血模型探討全腦缺血再灌注誘導大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)GluR6巰基亞硝基化的機制。方法 ?將78只雄性SD大鼠隨機分為假手術組(Sham組)、全腦缺血再灌注組(I/R組)、給藥組(7-NI組、GSNO組、SNP組、NS102組)及溶劑對照組[生理鹽水(Saline)組、DMSO組],每組6只。采用四動脈結扎去結扎法構建大鼠全腦缺血再灌注模型。運用生物素轉(zhuǎn)化法檢測蛋白質(zhì)的巰基亞硝基化,聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳、免疫印跡方法對GluR6巰基亞硝基化水平進行分析研究。結果 ?全腦缺血再灌注后,I/R組GluR6巰基亞硝基化水平高于Sham組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),7-NI組GluR6巰基亞硝基化水平相比I/R組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),溶劑DMSO組與I/R組相比差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);GSNO組和SNP組GluR6巰基亞硝基化水平比I/R組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),溶劑Saline組與I/R組相比差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);NS102預處理組GluR6巰基亞硝基化水平比I/R組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),溶劑DMSO組與I/R組相比差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論 ?7-NI、GSNO、SNP 和NS102都能抑制腦缺血再灌注誘導的GluR6巰基亞硝基化。nNOS介導產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源性NO介導全腦缺血再灌注誘導的大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)GluR6巰基亞硝基化,并受外源性NO影響;全腦缺血再灌注通過激活KA受體誘導大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)GluR6發(fā)生巰基亞硝基化。

      關鍵詞:谷氨酸受體6亞基;巰基亞硝基化;全腦缺血再灌注

      中圖分類號:R364.1+2;Q71 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.18.017

      文章編號:1006-1959(2019)18-0051-04

      Abstract:Objective ?To investigate the mechanism of GluR6 thiol nitrosylation in rat hippocampal CA1 region induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia.Methods ?78 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), and drug-administered group (7-NI group, GSNO group, SNP group, NS102 group). And the solvent control group [saline group, DMSO group], 6 in each group. A rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established by four-arterial ligation and ligation. The biotin-transformation method was used to detect the sulfhydryl nitrosylation of proteins, and the phosphination level of GluR6 thiol was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting.Results ?After global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the level of GluR6 thiol nitrosylation in the I/R group was higher than that in the Sham group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The level of GluR6 thiol nitrosylation in 7-NI group was significantly lower than that in I/R group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Solvent DMSO group and I/R group There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The nitrosation level of GluR6 in the GSNO group and the SNP group was significantly lower than that in the I/R group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the Saline group and the I/R group (P>0.05). The GluR6 sulfhydryl nitrosylation level in the NS102 pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the I/R group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the solvent DMSO group and the I/R group (P>0.05).Conclusion ?7-NI, GSNO, SNP and NS102 can inhibit GluR6 sulfhydryl nitrosylation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. nNOS-mediated endogenous NO mediates GluR6 sulfhydryl nitrosylation in rat hippocampal CA1 region induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and is affected by exogenous NO; global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion activates KA receptor Induction of thiol nitrosylation of GluR6 in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats.

      Key words:Glutamate receptor 6 subunit;Sulfhydryl nitrosylation;Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion

      腦缺血/復灌的早期神經(jīng)元損傷研究中,神經(jīng)細胞內(nèi)的神經(jīng)性一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)活性增強,產(chǎn)生大量內(nèi)源性NO,能夠?qū)ι窠?jīng)細胞產(chǎn)生損傷作用[1],給予外源性NO能發(fā)揮對損傷機體的保護作用[2]。有文獻報道在癲癇模型中,KA注射通過激活KA受體誘導蛋白質(zhì)的亞硝基化[3,4]。本實驗假設腦缺血再灌注誘導GluR6巰基亞硝基化是由nNOS產(chǎn)生的NO參與作用,GluR6巰基亞硝基化與KA受體通道的活化密切相關。本實驗采用注射KA受體抑制劑NS102、nNOS抑制劑7-NI,外源性NO供體GSNO和SNP來探討GluR6巰基亞硝基化受體機制以及外源性NO和內(nèi)源性NO在全腦缺血再灌注誘導GluR6巰基亞硝基化機制中的作用。

      1材料和方法

      1.1試劑與器材 ?7-NI、GSNO、NS102購自Sigma公司;SNP購自徐州市中心醫(yī)院;GluR6抗體購自Millipore公司,其它試劑為國產(chǎn)分析純。電動勻漿器購自美國Glas-Col公司;全波長酶標儀購自美國Molecular Device公司;蛋白電泳及電轉(zhuǎn)移裝置購自美國Bio-Rad公司;圖象處理儀購自美國Gene公司;大鼠腦立體定位儀購自美國STOLTING公司。

      1.2實驗動物 ?雄性成年SPF級SD大鼠78只,體重250~300 g,由徐州醫(yī)科大學實驗動物中心提供SCXK(蘇)2015-0009,通過了徐州醫(yī)科大學動物實驗倫理審查,遵照動物福利進行實驗,飼養(yǎng)溫度 20~25℃,濕度40%~70%。實驗中動物自由攝食、飲水,1周換1~2次墊料。SD大鼠按照隨機數(shù)字表法分為Sham組、I/R組、給藥組(7-NI組,GSNO組,SNP組,NS102組)和溶劑對照組(DMSO組,Saline組),每組6只。

      1.3實驗方法

      1.3.1動物模型及樣品制備 ?采用四動脈結扎法制備大鼠全腦缺血再灌注模型,使用20%水合氯醛(300~350 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后,分離雙側(cè)頸總動脈,電凝椎動脈。手術第2天動物于清醒狀態(tài)下結扎雙側(cè)頸總動脈,全腦缺血15 min。Sham組只行顱部手術的皮膚切口,然后縫合。NS102組(20 mmol/10 μl溶于DMSO,于缺血前20 min側(cè)腦室注射),GSNO組(GSNO溶于生理鹽水,0.1 mg/kg于缺血前20 min側(cè)腦室注射),SNP組(SNP溶解于生理鹽水,5 mg/kg分別于缺血前30 min、缺血后40 min和130 min腹腔注射,即每兩次給藥之間相隔90 min),7-NI組(7-NI溶解于1%DMSO,25 mg/kg于缺血前20 min腹腔注射)。溶劑對照組注射等量溶劑Saline或DMSO。全腦缺血復灌注后,斷頭取腦,分離雙側(cè)海馬CA1區(qū),加勻漿緩沖液后勻漿離心取上清液,用BCA微量法測定蛋白濃度。

      1.3.2蛋白質(zhì)巰基亞硝基化測定 ?生物素轉(zhuǎn)化法(Biotin-Swich method)測定蛋白亞硝基化[5]:用HEN液(250 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH,pH 7.7,1 mmol/L EDTA,0.1 mmol/L新亞銅試劑)勻漿,1000 g 4℃離心10 min,取上清;測蛋白并計算濃度,轉(zhuǎn)為統(tǒng)一濃度0.8 mg/ml,每次取0.8 mg分裝蛋白,用HEN液補充至1 ml;向分裝的蛋白中加10% CHAPS至終濃度為0.4%,再加4倍體積封閉液(9體積HEN液和1體積25% SDS的混合液將MMTS稀釋10倍),置于50℃ 20 min,不斷搖勻;加2倍體積冰丙酮放入-20℃,20 min到30 min后2000 g 4℃離心10 min,棄上清;加HENS液(HEPES:250 mmol/L,pH 7.7,EDTA:1 mmol/L,0.1 mmol/L新亞銅試劑,1% SDS)0.1 ml/mg重懸,轉(zhuǎn)入EP管中,加生物素(Biotin-HPTP)4 mmol/L,即labeling solution,體積為重懸液的1/3,再加Vc溶液(Ascorbate solution),體積為重懸液的1/5,25℃水浴1 h;加2倍體積冰丙酮放入-20℃ 20 min,2000 g 4℃離心10 min,棄上清;加HENS液,0.1 ml/mg,重懸,加2倍體積中和液(20 mM HEPES-NaOH,pH 7.7,100 mmol/L NaCl,1 mmol/L EDTA,0.5% TritonX-100),再加15 μl/mg 亞硝基化瓊脂糖凝珠(Steptavidin-Agarose),冷庫旋轉(zhuǎn)混勻1 h;每管加0.5~0.6 ml(600 mM NaCl)中和液洗5次,800 g×1 min,4℃離心;用洗脫液(20 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH,pH 7.7,100 mmol/LNaCl,1 mmol/L EDTA和100 mmol/L 2-巰基乙醇)加4倍蛋白上樣緩沖液(sample buffer),混勻煮沸5 min,冷卻待用。

      1.3.3免疫印跡 ?等量蛋白樣品經(jīng)10%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)分離后,以濕轉(zhuǎn)法電轉(zhuǎn)移至NC膜上。轉(zhuǎn)移后的NC膜經(jīng)3%BSA封閉后加入稀釋好的一抗,4℃過夜,洗膜后加入相應的二抗,37℃反應2 h,洗膜,曝光法顯色,結果以圖像處理儀(Gene Company)分析處理,并以LabWorks軟件分析處理,各條帶的吸光值(OD值)以同一張膜上假手術組的倍數(shù)表示。

      1.4統(tǒng)計學方法 ?用于分析統(tǒng)計的軟件有Excel,Sigma STAT 32,計量資料以(x±s)表示。分析采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),多個實驗組與一個對照組比較采用最小顯著差法(LSD),實驗組間比較采用q檢驗(Newman-keuls test),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

      參考文獻:

      [1]Almeida J,Oliveira LA,Benini R,et al.Differential roles of hippocampal nNOS and iNOS in the control of baroreflex function in conscious rats[J].Brain Res,2019(1710):109-116.

      [2]Rychter M,Gaucher C,Boudier A,et al.S-Nitrosothiols-NO donors regulating cardiovascular cell proliferation:Insight into intracellular pathway alterations[J].Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2016(78):156-161.

      [3]Yang H,Zhao N,Lv L,et al.Functional research and molecular mechanism of Kainic acid-induced denitrosylation of thioredoxin-1 in rat hippocampus[J].Neurochem Int,2017(108):448-456.

      [4]Zhang D,Zhao N,Ma B,et al.Procaspase-9 induces its cleavage by transnitrosylating XIAP via the Thioredoxin system during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats[J].Sci Rep,2016(6):24203.

      [5]Forrester MT,F(xiàn)oster MW,Benhar M,et al.Detection of protein S-nitrosylation with the biotin-switch technique[J].Free Radic Biol Med,2009,46(2):119-126.

      [6]Cardenas AJ,Abelman R,Warren TH.Conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide at zinc via S-nitrosothiols[J].Chem Commun(Camb),2014,50(2):168-170.

      [7]Diers AR,Keszler A,Hogg N.Detection of S-nitrosothiols[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2014,1840(2):892-900.

      [8]Zhou Y,Tan J,Dai Y,et al.Synthesis and nitric oxide releasing properties of novel fluoro S-nitrosothiols[J].Chem Commun(Camb),2019,55(3):401-404.

      [9]Wobst J,Schunkert H,Kessler T.Genetic alterations in the NO-cGMP pathway and cardiovascular risk[J].Nitric Oxide,2018(76):105-112.

      [10]Wu X,Li L,Zhang L,et al.Inhibition of thioredoxin-1 with siRNA exacerbates apoptosis by activating the ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway in brain of a stroke model rats[J].Brain Res,2015(1599): 20-31.

      [11]Lewis S,Little R,Baudoin F,et al.Acute inhibition of PMCA4,but not global ablation,reduces blood pressure and arterial contractility via a nNOS-dependent mechanism[J].J Cell Mol Med,2018,22(2):861-872.

      收稿日期:2019-7-29;修回日期:2019-8-10

      編輯/肖婷婷

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