陳慶華,曾娟,楊玲,賈勇,李慶,封傳紅,陳曉娟,胡容平
性信息素誘捕斜紋夜蛾雄蛾發(fā)育日齡結(jié)構(gòu)的研究
陳慶華1,曾娟2,楊玲3,賈勇4,李慶5,封傳紅6,陳曉娟1,胡容平1
(1四川省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)研究所/農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部西南作物有害生物綜合治理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,成都 610066;2全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心,北京 100125;3農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全中心,北京 100120;4資陽(yáng)市植保植檢站,四川資陽(yáng) 641300;5四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,成都 611134;6四川省農(nóng)業(yè)廳植物保護(hù)站,成都 610041)
【】判斷性信息素誘捕雄蛾發(fā)育狀況對(duì)于客觀評(píng)價(jià)群集誘殺技術(shù)的效果具有重要意義。本文通過(guò)斜紋夜蛾()內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)形態(tài)與發(fā)育日齡的研究,判斷田間誘捕雄蛾的發(fā)育情況和蟲(chóng)源性質(zhì),為應(yīng)用性信息素誘殺技術(shù)防控斜紋夜蛾提供理論依據(jù)。2014—2015年,利用昆蟲(chóng)解剖鏡對(duì)室內(nèi)羽化1—10日齡斜紋夜蛾雄蛾進(jìn)行解剖測(cè)量,形成依據(jù)精巢長(zhǎng)半軸判斷雄蛾日齡的發(fā)育標(biāo)準(zhǔn);2015—2017年,對(duì)四川省眉山市東坡區(qū)、四川省成都市金堂縣田間利用性信息素誘捕到的斜紋夜蛾進(jìn)行逐日收集并解剖測(cè)定,進(jìn)而依據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分田間逐日性誘的雄蛾日齡結(jié)構(gòu),分析誘捕雄蛾對(duì)自然交配的影響。斜紋夜蛾雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)由精巢、輸精管、貯精囊、射精管、附腺組成,精巢結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,具有一定彈性,易測(cè)量。隨著日齡增長(zhǎng),精巢長(zhǎng)半軸數(shù)值呈減小趨勢(shì),1日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值為1 103.54 μm,10日齡雄蛾精巢長(zhǎng)半軸比1日齡長(zhǎng)半軸減少44.71%,精巢長(zhǎng)半軸()與日齡()關(guān)系式為:=-48.52+1084(2=0.9472,RMSE=36.8)。1—5日齡組、6—8日齡組、9—10日齡組之間精巢長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)度差異顯著。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室飼養(yǎng)羽化斜紋夜蛾1—10日齡的精巢長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)度與羽化日齡間的數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系,制定出精巢長(zhǎng)半軸判別雄蛾日齡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表,用于檢測(cè)田間信息素誘捕雄蛾日齡組成。2015—2017年金堂縣和2017年?yáng)|坡區(qū)田間誘捕的雄蛾日齡結(jié)構(gòu)趨勢(shì)一致,日齡越大,該日齡雄蛾占總誘捕數(shù)的百分?jǐn)?shù)越低。金堂縣田間誘捕斜紋夜蛾雄蛾1日齡平均百分比為39.89%,2日齡為21.42%,3日齡為15.75%,1—3日齡雄蛾共計(jì)占總誘捕數(shù)72.22%—79.02%,5—10日齡占比均在10%以下;2017年?yáng)|坡區(qū)田間誘捕斜紋夜蛾雄蛾中1日齡百分比為39.93%,2日齡為20.79%,3日齡為19.54%,1—3日齡雄蛾共計(jì)占總誘捕雄蛾數(shù)的80.26%,5日齡以后占比較小。各日齡雄蛾平均百分?jǐn)?shù)與日齡數(shù)呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系下降。根據(jù)逐日誘捕雄蛾數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài),4月末至8月末,金堂縣和東坡區(qū)斜紋夜蛾均發(fā)生3代,第1代、第2代誘捕的雄蛾數(shù)以1—3日齡青年蛾為主,金堂青年蛾與老年蛾比為3.32、1.54,東坡區(qū)青年蛾與老年蛾比為3.34、1.58;隨著蟲(chóng)量增加,第3代東坡區(qū)以老齡蛾數(shù)量占優(yōu)勢(shì),兩者比為0.76,低于金堂的2.34。斜紋夜蛾雄蛾精巢大小能夠反映雄蛾日齡,通過(guò)檢測(cè)田間性誘雄蛾日齡的結(jié)果表明,利用性信息素捕獲的雄蛾以1—3日齡青年雄蛾為主,有利于降低田間成蟲(chóng)交配率。
斜紋夜蛾;雄蛾;內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng);日齡;性信息素誘捕
【研究意義】斜紋夜蛾()屬鱗翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae),是一種世界性分布的農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng),該蟲(chóng)食性雜、發(fā)生范圍廣、世代重疊,在我國(guó)暴發(fā)危害嚴(yán)重[1-2]。斜紋夜蛾成蟲(chóng)趨光性較弱,上燈數(shù)量少,加之由于殺蟲(chóng)燈容易受周圍光源干擾,傳統(tǒng)燈光誘殺效果不明顯[3]。斜紋夜蛾性信息素由于具有專一性強(qiáng)、高效、無(wú)污染等特點(diǎn)而受到廣泛關(guān)注,諸多研究明確了其性信息素活性成分組成[4-5]、作用機(jī)理[6]、使用方法和田間效果[7-10]、誘捕器設(shè)計(jì)[11]等,為使用性信息素控制斜紋夜蛾發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)提供了支撐。利用性信息素誘捕雄蛾(下文簡(jiǎn)稱“性誘”),減少雄、雌交配次數(shù),以達(dá)到降低雌蛾產(chǎn)卵量和有效卵量的目的。但如果誘捕的雄蛾為交配后的雄蛾或者是老弱雄蛾,利用性信息素控制害蟲(chóng)就失去了意義。通過(guò)觀察雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)形態(tài)變化來(lái)分析發(fā)育日齡,判斷誘捕斜紋夜蛾雄蛾發(fā)育狀況[12],可為科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)利用性信息素控制害蟲(chóng)的防治效果提供依據(jù)?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】根據(jù)對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)特征的解剖觀察可以判別昆蟲(chóng)的發(fā)育階段。鱗翅目成蟲(chóng)的發(fā)育級(jí)別可以通過(guò)解剖雌成蟲(chóng)卵巢來(lái)判斷,通常根據(jù)雌蟲(chóng)卵粒的成熟情況、顏色及脂肪的多寡等內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征,判斷其不同的發(fā)育級(jí)別[13-14]。在科研工作者大量的研究中,形成了卵巢發(fā)育的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一般鱗翅目害蟲(chóng)卵巢分為5級(jí),如黏蟲(chóng)()[15]、甜菜夜蛾()[16]、稻縱卷葉螟()[17]、棉鈴蟲(chóng)()[18]、斜紋夜蛾[19]等,1、2級(jí)為未交配狀態(tài),3—5級(jí)為老熟蛾[19]。對(duì)鱗翅目雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)的研究多是以觀察形態(tài)學(xué)和組織學(xué)特征為主,如茶尺蠖()[20]、墨西哥水稻螟()[21]、沙棘木蠹蛾()[22]、二化螟()[23]、斜紋夜蛾[24]、黏蟲(chóng)[15]等。通過(guò)對(duì)二化螟雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)的比較研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)生殖器內(nèi)含物特征可以區(qū)別二化螟雄蛾交配與否[25]。斜紋夜蛾成蟲(chóng)日齡對(duì)交配行為影響較大,雌雄交配主要發(fā)生在羽化后的1、2 d[26]。棉褐環(huán)野螟()成蟲(chóng)不同日齡與交配狀態(tài)組合對(duì)繁殖力具有一定的影響[27];稻縱卷葉螟雄蛾發(fā)育日齡與精巢大小密切相關(guān)[12]?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】不同于幼蟲(chóng)隨著發(fā)育而脫皮,昆蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)的體形基本保持穩(wěn)定,很難從雄蛾外部形態(tài)的變化得出發(fā)育日齡。本文從內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)解剖角度出發(fā),利用斜紋夜蛾雄蛾個(gè)體精巢長(zhǎng)半軸變化,推測(cè)雄蛾日齡,再根據(jù)斜紋夜蛾日齡與交配節(jié)律的研究評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)群體交配的影響?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】對(duì)斜紋夜蛾雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行解剖,得到精巢與日齡的發(fā)育標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)而依據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分田間逐日性誘的雄蛾日齡,獲得青年雄蛾在誘捕中的比例,評(píng)價(jià)性誘控害作用。
實(shí)驗(yàn)室飼養(yǎng)蟲(chóng)源:2014—2015年由四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)提供斜紋夜蛾蛹,用于研究精巢大小與日齡關(guān)系;2016年由四川省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院提供斜紋夜蛾蛹,用于研究精巢大小與體長(zhǎng)關(guān)系。將供試蛹放入鋪有棉花和紗布的飼養(yǎng)盒內(nèi)待羽化,羽化后即轉(zhuǎn)移至飼養(yǎng)籠內(nèi),用消毒的脫脂棉浸10%蜂蜜水懸掛于籠中,為成蟲(chóng)提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)。
田間昆蟲(chóng):2015—2017年在四川省成都市金堂縣蔬菜基地利用性誘采集,2017年在四川省眉山市東坡區(qū)蔬菜基地采集。每日觀察并記錄收集蟲(chóng)量。斜紋夜蛾性誘劑誘芯和誘捕器均由寧波紐康生物技術(shù)有限公司生產(chǎn)。
用游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)量斜紋夜蛾體長(zhǎng),用昆蟲(chóng)解剖鏡(Motic:Digital Microscope SMZ171)解剖并測(cè)量精巢長(zhǎng)/短半軸,方法參照陳慶華等[12]。田間日誘捕雄蛾數(shù)量超過(guò)50頭,選擇50頭進(jìn)行解剖,再按照誘捕數(shù)折算各日齡比例。
日齡劃分方法:某日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸下限=本齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸的均值-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;某日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸上限=上一齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸下限。如1日齡下限=1日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;2日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸下限=2日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;2日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸上限=1日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸下限。以此類推,直到第10日齡,10日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸上限=9日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸下限。
試驗(yàn)中各日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值、方差分析、多重比較、體長(zhǎng)與精巢的相關(guān)系數(shù)計(jì)算、田間不同日齡雄蛾占比與日齡數(shù)擬合均采用MathWorks公司Matlab R2014a軟件進(jìn)行。
斜紋夜蛾雄蛾內(nèi)生殖系統(tǒng)由精巢、輸精管、貯精囊、射精管、附腺組成(圖1)。其形態(tài)特征為精巢1個(gè),球形或橢圓形,顏色橘色,精巢下端有2根輸精管,連接貯精囊。精巢結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,具有一定彈性,易測(cè)量。貯精囊,1對(duì),自輸精管中間膨大,交叉形成x形,囊內(nèi)呈乳白色。輸精管1對(duì),分別連接于貯精囊的上下兩端。射精管1條,折疊于腹腔內(nèi)的極長(zhǎng)的透明管道,上端與輸精管連接,末端接于陽(yáng)莖。附腺1對(duì),兩管緊貼并折疊在一起,一端與輸精管連接,另一端角質(zhì)化并封閉,管壁為乳白色。
A:精巢Testis;B:輸精管Vas deferens;C:貯精囊Vesicles;D、F:射精管Ejaculatory duct;E:附腺Accessory gland
解剖羽化1—10日齡斜紋夜蛾雄蛾共180頭,測(cè)量分析各日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸數(shù)值表明,隨著日齡增長(zhǎng),精巢長(zhǎng)半軸數(shù)值呈減小趨勢(shì)(圖2),1日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值為1 103.54 μm,2日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸為均值987.35 μm,直至10日齡精巢長(zhǎng)半軸均值為610.29 μm,比1日齡減小44.71%。1—5日齡組、6—8日齡組、9—10日齡組之間精巢長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)度差異顯著。精巢長(zhǎng)半軸()與日齡()關(guān)系式為:=-48.52+1084(2=0.9472,RMSE=36.8)。斜紋夜蛾1—10日齡雄蛾精巢長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)度區(qū)間劃分見(jiàn)表1。
圖中條形柱上短線為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,條形柱上不同小寫字母表示各日齡組之間差異顯著(P<0.01,One-way ANOVA)
表1 斜紋夜蛾1—10日齡雄蛾精巢長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)度劃分指標(biāo)
2015—2017年金堂縣和東坡區(qū)田間誘捕的雄蛾日齡組成趨勢(shì)一致,日齡越大,占比越低。2015年在金堂縣用性信息素誘捕斜紋夜蛾為180頭,1日齡占整個(gè)誘蟲(chóng)量的40.00%,1—3日齡蟲(chóng)量占總蟲(chóng)量的72.22%,5日齡以后蟲(chóng)量占總蟲(chóng)量的14.44%。2016年在金堂縣用性信息素誘捕斜紋夜蛾為205頭,1日齡占總蟲(chóng)量的40.49%,1—3日齡蟲(chóng)量占總蟲(chóng)量的79.02%,5日齡以后蟲(chóng)量占總蟲(chóng)量的8.78%。2017年分別在東坡區(qū)和金堂縣逐日誘捕斜紋夜蛾,東坡區(qū)共誘捕1 520頭雄蛾,1日齡占39.93%,1—3日齡占80.26%。金堂縣共誘捕963頭雄蛾,1日齡占39.15%,1—3日齡占76.74%,與2015、2016年趨勢(shì)吻合。利用非線性最小二乘法,算法為trust-region,對(duì)各日齡雄蛾所占平均百分?jǐn)?shù)()與日齡()進(jìn)行指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系擬合:=63.64×e-0.488x(2=0.9838,RMSE=1.718)(圖3)。
圖4為1—3日齡與4—10日齡雄蛾數(shù)與總雄蛾數(shù)的逐日動(dòng)態(tài)圖,兩地均有3個(gè)發(fā)蛾期,金堂縣第1代(5月8日至7月4日)1—3日齡青年蛾與4—10日齡老年蛾之比為3.32,第2代(7月5日至8月5日)比為1.54,第3代(8月6日至8月31日)比為2.34。東坡區(qū)3個(gè)發(fā)蛾期的青年蛾與老年蛾之比分別為3.34、1.58、0.76。
圖3 2015—2017金堂縣、2017年?yáng)|坡區(qū)田間性誘斜紋夜蛾不同日齡雄蛾比例
圖4 2017年金堂縣(上)、東坡區(qū)(下)田間逐日性誘斜紋夜蛾1—3日齡和4—10日齡動(dòng)態(tài)
成蟲(chóng)日齡、體長(zhǎng)、精巢大小、進(jìn)攻器官與雌蟲(chóng)的交配選擇有一定關(guān)系[28-30],然而成蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)與精巢大小之間并沒(méi)有明顯關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)測(cè)試1日齡雄蛾精巢長(zhǎng)半軸(,μm)與體長(zhǎng)(,mm)的關(guān)系式為:=18.825+990.8(2=0.0373,=0.0464),兩者呈弱相關(guān)。試驗(yàn)用蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為1.15 mm,折算成精巢長(zhǎng)半軸為21.80 μm,而精巢長(zhǎng)半軸從1日齡到2日齡減少116.19 μm,遠(yuǎn)高于體長(zhǎng)的影響值。從日齡分別與體長(zhǎng)和精巢大小變化來(lái)看,斜紋夜蛾1日齡雄蛾體長(zhǎng)為18.08 mm,雄蛾1日齡體長(zhǎng)比10日齡長(zhǎng)0.92 mm,10 d縮短5.1%,而精巢長(zhǎng)半軸隨日齡的變化44.71%,因此體長(zhǎng)不能判斷雄蛾發(fā)育日齡。
昆蟲(chóng)的交配行為受到多種外部因素的影響,如環(huán)境溫度和相對(duì)濕度、光強(qiáng)度、光周期等[31-34],但自然條件下,斜紋夜蛾雄蛾日齡是主要影響因素。斜紋夜蛾成蟲(chóng)生命只有10 d左右[35],老年雄蛾精子數(shù)量和活力會(huì)下降,產(chǎn)生有害突變[36],交配日齡越早,種群成功繁衍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越小。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室配對(duì)的情況下,斜紋夜蛾交配行為主要發(fā)生在1—2日齡,3齡之后極少發(fā)生[26]。本文通過(guò)對(duì)3年兩地的田間誘捕的雄蛾發(fā)育日齡進(jìn)行檢測(cè)表明,1—2日齡共占總蟲(chóng)量的61.31%,1—4日齡的雄蛾占總蟲(chóng)量的90%左右。更多的富有活力的年青雄蛾被誘捕,可以直接減少斜紋夜蛾雌蛾的交配率,加之沒(méi)有被誘捕的雄蛾也會(huì)受到干擾,造成了一定程度的交配阻隔,實(shí)現(xiàn)了控制田間斜紋夜蛾子代種群數(shù)量的目的。田間試驗(yàn)表明,性信息素誘殺可明顯地降低大豆田斜紋夜蛾交配率,連續(xù)2個(gè)月內(nèi)雌蛾交配率僅為40%左右,而對(duì)照為80%以上[37]。
當(dāng)存在精子競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí),精巢的大小與物種進(jìn)化關(guān)系密切。如果持續(xù)地誘殺具有大精巢個(gè)體,田間具有小精巢個(gè)體將占優(yōu)勢(shì)。對(duì)棘突動(dòng)物、索伊羊的觀察表明,更大的精巢能夠增加產(chǎn)生精子的受精成功率[38-39]。本試驗(yàn)中具有較大精巢的低日齡雄蛾被誘捕,田間剩余的是具有較小精巢雄蛾,雌蛾的受精成功率也相應(yīng)降低,下一代種群數(shù)量和質(zhì)量均下降。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中發(fā)現(xiàn),連續(xù)幾年應(yīng)用性誘控害后,一些害蟲(chóng)自然發(fā)生程度有下降的趨勢(shì)[10],除了避免殺傷了天敵的因素外,上述因素也可能是原因之一。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)田間斜紋夜蛾1代、2代發(fā)生時(shí),田間密度較低,金堂縣、東坡區(qū)青年蛾與老年蛾比例接近,1代分別為3.32和3.34,2代分別為1.54和1.58;3代發(fā)生時(shí),東坡區(qū)田間斜紋夜蛾蟲(chóng)量明顯高于1、2代及金堂蟲(chóng)量,誘捕器中老年蛾占優(yōu)勢(shì)。這種現(xiàn)象與二化螟類似,利用性信息素誘殺二化螟越冬代的效果要好于其他代次[40],隨著雌蟲(chóng)密度的增加,田間雌蛾會(huì)與性信息素相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng),從而導(dǎo)致防治效果下降[41]。因此,利用性信息素誘殺技術(shù)適合于低密度時(shí)的害蟲(chóng)防控。
雄蛾精巢大小與發(fā)育日齡顯著相關(guān),根據(jù)精巢大小與雄蛾日齡關(guān)系檢測(cè)性誘雄蛾日齡的結(jié)果表明,利用田間性信息素捕獲的雄蛾以青年雄蛾為主,1—3日齡雄蛾占70%以上,有利于降低田間成蟲(chóng)交配次數(shù)。
致謝:本項(xiàng)研究得到國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)“昆蟲(chóng)性誘劑合成與緩釋技術(shù)研究”的大力資助。參加項(xiàng)目的研究人員還有鄭仕軍、唐裕智、胡遠(yuǎn)華、陳霞等。在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中,有關(guān)市縣植保技術(shù)推廣部門給予了積極配合和大力協(xié)助,在此一并致謝!
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The Structure of Day-Age of MaleMoths by Sex Pheromone Trapping in the Field
CHEN QingHua1, ZENG Juan2, YANG Ling3, JIA Yong4, LI Qing5, Feng ChuanHong6, CHEN XiaoJuan1, HU RongPing1
(1Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066;2National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100125;3Center for Agro-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100120;4Plant Protectionand Plant Quarantine Station of Ziyang City, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan;5College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134;6Plant Protection Station of Sichuan province, chengdu 610041)
【】It is of great significance to determine the developmental status of male moths trapped by sex pheromone for objective evaluation of the effect of mass trapping. This study aims to research the internal reproductive system and developmental age of, determine the development situation of male moths captured in the field and the nature of insect source, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of sex pheromone trapping of【】In 2014 and 2015, after eclosion from the laboratory-reared pupae, 1-10 day-old male moths were dissected under the microscope. The criterion of the developmental age of malemoths was determined by the long semi-axis of testis. Using this criterion, the day-old of male moths captured daily with sex pheromone trapping in the fields of Dongpo and Jintang counties of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2017 was identified. The effect of trapping male moths on mating behaviors and patterns was then analyzed.【】The internal reproductive system of malemoths was composed of testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and accessory gland. The structure of testis was stable, elastic and easily-measured. With the increase of age, the length of long semi-axis of testis gradually decreased. The mean value of long semi-axis of testis of 10-day-old males decreased by 44.71%, compared with that of 1-day-old male testis (1 103.54 μm). The relationship equation between the long semi-axis () and day-old () was=-48.52+1084 (2=0.9472, RMSE=36.8).There were significant differences in the length of long semi-axis of testis among the age groups of 1-5, 6-8 and 9-10 day-old. The criterion table displaying the relationship between the day-old of male moths and the length of long semi-axis of testis was built to identify the age of male moths captured by pheromone trapping in the field.Similar day-age structures of male moths were found in Jintang from 2015 to 2017 and in Dongpo in 2017, with lower percentages of older male moths. Specifically, the mean percentage of 1-day-old male moths captured by sex pheromone trapping in Jintang was 39.89%, and that of 2- and 3 day-old was 21.42% and 15.75%, respectively. In other words, 1-3 day-old male moths accounted for 72.22%-79.02% in total, and the percentage from 5- to 10-day-old male moths was below 10%.In Dongpo, the percentage of 1-, 2- and 3-day-old male moths was 39.93%, 20.79% and 19.54%, respectively, as a total of 80.26%, after 5-day-old of age, the percentage was relatively small. The mean percentage of male moths of each day-old decreased exponentially with age. The daily trapping dynamic showed the 3 generations of adults in the fields of Jintang and Dongpo from the end of April to the end of August. The male moths of the 1st and 2nd generations were mainly between ages of 1-3 day-old, and the ratio of younger moths (1-3 day-old) of Jintang to older moths (4-10 day-old) was 3.32 and 1.54, and that of younger moth to older moths in Dongpo was 3.34 and 1.58, respectively. With increased numbers of adults in Dongpo, the majority of 3rd generation was older moths, with the ratio of younger moths to older moths of 0.76, which was lower than that of Jintang (2.34).【】The size of the testis of malemoth can reflect its day-age. Male moths captured through sex pheromone trapping are mainly composed of 1-3 day-old, which is beneficial to reduce mating rate in the current generation and the whole population in the next ones.
; male moth; internal reproductive system; day-old; sex pheromone trapping
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.010
2019-05-20;
2019-06-25
國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201203036)、中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展專項(xiàng)(2019ZYD099)
陳慶華,E-mail:710478145@qq.com。曾娟,E-mail:zengjuan@agri.gov.cn。陳慶華和曾娟為同等貢獻(xiàn)作者。通信作者胡容平,E-mail:44573780@qq.com
(責(zé)任編輯 岳梅)