王祥蕓 黃大海 胡蓉 楊楊 張曉渝 彭蓓 溫紅萍 劉佳 錢慧芬
[摘要]目的:探究鈷鉻合金、銀鈀合金、二氧化鋯和玻璃陶瓷四種不同修復(fù)體對(duì)前牙缺損患者的近遠(yuǎn)期治療效果影響。方法:選取2017年2月-2019年4月來(lái)筆者醫(yī)院就診的前牙牙體缺損患者152例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)表法分為四組,分別為鈷鉻合金組、銀鈀合金組、二氧化鋯組和玻璃陶瓷組,每組38例。各組患者入院完善相關(guān)檢查后,分別采用鈷鉻合金、銀鈀合金、二氧化鋯或玻璃陶瓷材料修復(fù)缺損牙體,分別對(duì)比各組患者修復(fù)前、修復(fù)后6個(gè)月及修復(fù)后12個(gè)月牙齦指數(shù)變化情況;比較各組患者治療效果并對(duì)各組患者進(jìn)行為期2年隨訪,評(píng)價(jià)患者遠(yuǎn)期療效;比較各組患者修復(fù)前、修復(fù)后6個(gè)月及修復(fù)后12個(gè)月齦溝液內(nèi)天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、堿性磷酸酶(ALP)表達(dá)水平變化情況。結(jié)果:各組患者治療前牙齦指數(shù)比較無(wú)明顯差別,玻璃陶瓷組和二氧化鋯組修復(fù)后6個(gè)月牙齦指數(shù)明顯下降,修復(fù)后12個(gè)月玻璃陶瓷組較其余各組明顯降低,結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);各組患者治療后療效顯示:玻璃陶瓷組患者遠(yuǎn)期療效較好,二氧化鋯組較鈀銀合金、鈷鉻合金組遠(yuǎn)期療效好,結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);修復(fù)前各組患者齦溝液內(nèi)AST、ALP表達(dá)水平無(wú)明顯差異,修復(fù)后6個(gè)月及12個(gè)月玻璃陶瓷及二氧化鋯組患者下降明顯,其余組無(wú)明顯差異,結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:牙體缺損修復(fù)時(shí)應(yīng)用玻璃陶瓷、二氧化鋯較鈷鉻合金、銀鈀合金材料的治療效果更佳,可以顯著改善AST、ALP表達(dá)水平以降低牙周炎癥反應(yīng),緩解前牙缺損臨床癥狀。
[關(guān)鍵詞]鈷鉻合金;銀鈀合金;二氧化鋯;玻璃陶瓷;前牙體修復(fù)
[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.3? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2020)12-0150-04
Effects of Different Restorations on Periodontal Health of Anterior Teeth
WANG Xiang-yun,HUANG Da-hai,HU Rong,YANG Yang, ZHANG Xiao-yu,PENG Bei,WEN Hong-ping,LIU Jia,QIAN Hui-fen
(Department of Prosthodontics,Yunnan Second People's Hospital,Kunming 650021,Yunnan,China)
Abstract: Objective? To explore the effect of different kinds of gingival restorations, such as cobalt chromium alloy, silver palladium alloy, zirconia and glass ceramics, on the short-term and long-term treatment of patients with anterior teeth defects. Methods? From February 2017 to April 2019, 152 patients with anterior teeth defect were randomly divided into four groups: cobalt chromium alloy group, silver palladium alloy group, zirconium dioxide group and glass ceramic group, 38 in each group. After the patients in each group were admitted to the hospital to complete the relevant examination, they were repaired with cobalt chromium alloy, silver palladium alloy, zirconium dioxide or glass ceramic materials respectively. The gingival index changes of each group before, 6 months after and 12 months after the restoration were compared. The treatment effect of each group was compared and the patients in each group were followed up for 2 years to evaluate the long-term treatment effect of the patients The expression of AST and ALP in gingival crevicular fluid were compared before, 6 months and 12 months after restoration. Results There was no significant difference in gingival index before treatment in each group. The gingival index of glass ceramic group and zirconia group decreased significantly in 6 months after repair, and that of glass ceramic group decreased significantly in 12 months after repair compared with the rest groups, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the therapeutic effect of each group showed that the long-term effect of glass ceramic group was better than that of palladium silver alloy group There was no significant difference in AST and ALP expression level in gingival crevicular fluid between the groups before and after the repair, but there was a significant decrease in glass ceramics and zirconia group at 6 and 12 months after the repair, while there was no significant difference in the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion? The application of glass ceramic and zirconium dioxide in the restoration of tooth defects is better than cobalt-chromium alloy and silver-palladium alloy materials. It can significantly improve the expression of AST and ALP to reduce periodontal inflammation and relieve the clinical symptoms of anterior tooth defects.
2.3 各組患者修復(fù)前,修復(fù)后6、12個(gè)月齦溝液炎癥因子表達(dá)水平:修復(fù)前各組患者齦溝液內(nèi)AST、ALP表達(dá)水平無(wú)差異,修復(fù)后6、12個(gè)月玻璃陶瓷和二氧化鋯組患者齦溝液內(nèi)AST、ALP表達(dá)量均有下降,其余組無(wú)明顯差異,結(jié)果具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
3? 討論
不同原因引起的前牙牙體缺損廣泛發(fā)生于各年齡階層,其造成患者外貌不美觀,嚴(yán)重患者出現(xiàn)咀嚼、發(fā)聲困難,甚至頜面部畸形,嚴(yán)重影響患者身心健康,選擇合適的修復(fù)體是該類患者首選治療方式[11]。隨著材料技術(shù)發(fā)展,已有多種材料被應(yīng)用于牙冠修復(fù)體制作,不同的材料具有不同的臨床使用優(yōu)點(diǎn),玻璃陶瓷材料和二氧化鋯材料是現(xiàn)使用最廣的修復(fù)體材料,由于組織相容性好等特點(diǎn),且其表面更為光滑,菌斑不易附著,可以明顯減少牙體上細(xì)菌聚集,從而減少牙體及周圍牙齦組織刺激,另外其顏色穩(wěn)定性亦高,對(duì)患者修復(fù)后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后有一定幫助,患者認(rèn)可度逐漸提高[12]。王玉杰等[13]研究認(rèn)為玻璃陶瓷全瓷修復(fù)體相較于鉻鈷合金修復(fù)體具有更好的遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥防范作用,而二氧化鋯及玻璃陶瓷修復(fù)體強(qiáng)度高,組織相容性好,對(duì)牙體周圍牙齦炎癥發(fā)生有一定抑制作用。馬玉龍等[14]研究則指出鈷鉻合金前牙冠修復(fù)體遠(yuǎn)期不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高,且其易引發(fā)周圍牙齦組織炎癥。
AST是一種可溶性細(xì)胞胞漿酶,健康狀態(tài)下,絕大部分AST存在于細(xì)胞胞漿內(nèi),當(dāng)組織破壞細(xì)胞壞死時(shí),則有大量AST出現(xiàn)于細(xì)胞外環(huán)境。牙周炎患者齦溝液中AST水平明顯高于健康者,牙周活動(dòng)性位點(diǎn)與非活動(dòng)性位點(diǎn)相比,AST水平有顯著差異,并與牙周臨床指數(shù)高度正相關(guān)。AST可作為早期牙周病變的標(biāo)志和牙周炎病變活動(dòng)期的輔助診斷指標(biāo),還可以對(duì)健康和患病位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)分。近年的一些研究提示,齦溝液中的AST指標(biāo)可能與牙周疾病的臨床和病理指標(biāo)有明顯的關(guān)聯(lián)。牙齒處于炎癥狀態(tài)下的齦溝液中AST水平比處于牙齦炎和健康牙狀態(tài)下的水平要高出很多[15]。ALP是一種非特異性的水解酶,是較早用于臨床診斷的酶類,牙周膜細(xì)胞中含有豐富的ALP,ALP來(lái)源通常認(rèn)為是牙周膜細(xì)胞破裂或通透性增高ALP外溢,其次是齦下革蘭陰性細(xì)菌代謝產(chǎn)生。ALP是成骨細(xì)胞成熟的標(biāo)志,與骨組織鈣化密切相關(guān),可以作為骨吸收破壞的標(biāo)志[16]。牙周炎時(shí)牙周組織破壞,牙周膜細(xì)胞破裂或通透性增強(qiáng),釋放出ALP,使牙周袋內(nèi)ALP水平升高。有研究證明,炎癥牙位GCF中ALP水平是血清中的20倍。因此,ALP作為反映牙周破壞程度比較敏感的指標(biāo)被廣泛應(yīng)用[17]。
本文探究不同材料修復(fù)體對(duì)前牙體缺損患者近遠(yuǎn)期療效影響,以及炎癥反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果顯示玻璃陶瓷、二氧化鋯治療效果顯著好于其他材料,且遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,組織炎癥因子表達(dá)水平低。說(shuō)明玻璃陶瓷等全瓷類修復(fù)體相較于合金類修復(fù)體具有更好的生物相容性,強(qiáng)度高,顏色穩(wěn)定性也更好,黑線、牙體顏色退色可能性明顯降低;文中所討論的玻璃陶瓷等全瓷類修復(fù)體均不含金屬離子,相較于合金修復(fù)體其不會(huì)出現(xiàn)金屬離子進(jìn)入牙體周圍組織情況,組織相容性好,且玻璃陶瓷類少發(fā)生過(guò)敏及中毒反應(yīng),其安全性高,局部刺激小,故局部炎癥發(fā)生率明顯降低;玻璃陶瓷全瓷類使用療效優(yōu)于合金類修復(fù)體。其原因可能是因?yàn)槠湮锢斫Y(jié)構(gòu)致密,邊緣貼合更好,不利于菌斑與色素附著,具有較好穩(wěn)定性質(zhì),遠(yuǎn)期療效更好。
綜上所述,研究認(rèn)為玻璃陶瓷等全瓷類修復(fù)體相較于鉻鈷合金類修復(fù)體具有更好的遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥防范作用,而二氧化鋯及玻璃陶瓷修復(fù)體組織相容性好,對(duì)牙體周圍牙齦周圍炎癥發(fā)生有一定抑制作用。牙體缺損修復(fù)時(shí)應(yīng)用玻璃陶瓷、二氧化鋯較鈷鉻合金及銀鈀合金材料的療效好。.鈷鉻合金修復(fù)體遠(yuǎn)期不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高,且其易引發(fā)周圍牙齦組織炎癥。
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[收稿日期]2020-02-12
本文引用格式:王祥蕓,黃大海,胡蓉,等.不同材料冠修復(fù)體對(duì)前牙牙周健康的影響[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(12):150-153.