依托中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目“陸海新通道”同瀾湄合作深度結(jié)合發(fā)展

楊艷

2020年2月20日，瀾滄江-湄公河合作第五次外長(zhǎng)會(huì)在老撾萬象舉行，中國(guó)、柬埔寨、老撾、緬甸、泰國(guó)、越南六國(guó)發(fā)布聯(lián)合新聞公報(bào)，鼓勵(lì)“陸海新通道建設(shè)與瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶對(duì)接”，連接中國(guó)中西部大市場(chǎng)與充滿生機(jī)的東盟市場(chǎng)，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)融合，確保供應(yīng)鏈效率，推動(dòng)瀾湄地區(qū)高質(zhì)量和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

這是瀾湄合作機(jī)制建立以來，首次將“陸海新通道”納入會(huì)議重要內(nèi)容。“陸海新通道”將成為助推“一帶一路”走深走實(shí)、加力打造瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶、共建瀾湄國(guó)家命運(yùn)共同體的重要載體和平臺(tái)。

“陸海新通道”是中國(guó)西部省區(qū)市與新加坡等東盟國(guó)家通過區(qū)域聯(lián)動(dòng)、國(guó)際合作共同打造，具有多重經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)的戰(zhàn)略性通道。它西承中歐國(guó)際鐵路大通道，東連長(zhǎng)江黃金水道，南經(jīng)中國(guó)-中南半島經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)西部與緬甸、老撾、泰國(guó)、柬埔寨、越南湄公河國(guó)家及其他東盟國(guó)家的互聯(lián)互通。

中國(guó)西部地區(qū)市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，與湄公河五國(guó)在貿(mào)易與產(chǎn)業(yè)方面的合作空間廣闊。依托中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目，西部各省區(qū)市共同推動(dòng)瀾湄合作同“陸海新通道”深度結(jié)合，將有力促進(jìn)瀾湄國(guó)家間實(shí)現(xiàn)更高水平的設(shè)施聯(lián)通和貿(mào)易暢通，進(jìn)而帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)能、跨境經(jīng)濟(jì)、工業(yè)園區(qū)合作，加快瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶建設(shè)，推動(dòng)全流域經(jīng)濟(jì)提質(zhì)增效升級(jí)，為沿線人民帶來更大福祉。

發(fā)揮輻射帶動(dòng)效應(yīng)，推動(dòng)“陸海新通道”建設(shè)與瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶對(duì)接

中新（重慶）多式聯(lián)運(yùn)示范基地：將整合水運(yùn)、鐵運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、公運(yùn)等運(yùn)輸方式，打造多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流示范作業(yè)區(qū)及配套園區(qū)等功能區(qū)。

中新國(guó)際冷鏈產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易平臺(tái)：可打通西部地區(qū)經(jīng)銷商境外海產(chǎn)品直采通道，還可依托新加坡優(yōu)勢(shì)資源，助力冷鏈物流產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，提升跨境多式聯(lián)運(yùn)冷鏈物流效率。與此同時(shí)，還能助力“陸海新通道”建設(shè)，平衡回程貨源，降低通道成本，讓更多西部地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口到東南亞地區(qū)。

“中國(guó)西部—東盟”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易服務(wù)平臺(tái)：探索打造以中新西部農(nóng)特產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易服務(wù)平臺(tái)、中新農(nóng)業(yè)科技標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)平臺(tái)為支撐，整合西部及東盟資源，打通貿(mào)易渠道，促進(jìn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易便利化。

中國(guó)國(guó)際智能產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽會(huì)、中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目金融峰會(huì)：新加坡連續(xù)兩年積極與會(huì)，舉辦共建“陸海新通道”主題對(duì)話會(huì)，中新兩國(guó)有關(guān)部委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、中國(guó)西部12省區(qū)市政府有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、雙方大型企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人及越南、泰國(guó)等國(guó)駐華使節(jié)出席，有效提升“陸海新通道”知名度和影響力。

2019年舉辦兩次項(xiàng)目咨詢專家座談會(huì)，邀請(qǐng)我國(guó)駐東盟國(guó)家前大使、中國(guó)-東盟中心負(fù)責(zé)人、新加坡及重慶知名學(xué)者等建言獻(xiàn)策，并與中國(guó)-東盟中心簽署合作備忘錄，助力重慶市開拓東盟市場(chǎng)。

強(qiáng)化與湄公河五國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接，共促共繪共享美好藍(lán)圖

“陸海新通道”包含國(guó)際鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)、跨境公路運(yùn)輸、國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)3種物流組織形式。隨著瀾湄合作機(jī)制的日益成熟和相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的務(wù)實(shí)推進(jìn)，重慶市中新示范項(xiàng)目管理局開展專項(xiàng)研究，結(jié)合“陸海新通道”建設(shè)實(shí)際，充分發(fā)揮通道運(yùn)營(yíng)中心優(yōu)勢(shì)，與湄公河國(guó)家務(wù)實(shí)推進(jìn)經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域各項(xiàng)合作。

強(qiáng)化與湄公河五國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)“陸海新通道”與緬甸“東西走廊和南向走廊”、老撾“變陸鎖國(guó)為陸聯(lián)國(guó)”、泰國(guó)“東部經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊”、柬埔寨“四角戰(zhàn)略”、越南“兩廊一圈”等國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接的實(shí)施細(xì)則和路徑。

積極探索開展第三方市場(chǎng)合作。以“陸海新通道”為載體，聯(lián)合新加坡共同拓展第三方市場(chǎng)合作，支持重慶及西部地區(qū)在物流、貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)業(yè)等方面加強(qiáng)與東盟的合作，推動(dòng)西部地區(qū)具有較好優(yōu)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)業(yè)到東盟地區(qū)開展戰(zhàn)略性和前瞻性布局。探索“國(guó)際通道+物流樞紐+產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)”建設(shè)模式，加強(qiáng)資源整合，創(chuàng)新國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分工協(xié)同，鼓勵(lì)支持重慶及西部其他地區(qū)與湄公河五國(guó)企業(yè)在通道沿線開展合作。

與此同時(shí)，推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通，協(xié)調(diào)緬甸、老撾、越南等國(guó)共同推動(dòng)廣西憑祥至越南河內(nèi)，云南河口至越南河內(nèi)、海防鐵路，越南河內(nèi)至胡志明市南北鐵路提速改造;參與物流樞紐建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)具有國(guó)際物流運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資源的平臺(tái)企業(yè)以特許經(jīng)營(yíng)、合資合作等模式參與港口集裝箱碼頭、重要物流園區(qū)等開發(fā)建設(shè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理;持續(xù)提升通關(guān)和物流效能，推進(jìn)中越“兩國(guó)一檢”，建立健全跨國(guó)、跨區(qū)域通關(guān)協(xié)作，國(guó)際通關(guān)“三互”合作及海關(guān)執(zhí)法聯(lián)動(dòng)等機(jī)制，推動(dòng)進(jìn)出口貨物快速通關(guān)、快速提轉(zhuǎn)。

The Fifth Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers' Meeting was held in Vientiane， Laos on February 20， 2020. China， Cambodia， Laos， Myanmar， Thailand and Vietnam issued a Joint Press Communiqué to encourage synergy between development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor and the Lancang-Mekong Economic Development Belt to closely link the vast mid-western region of China with the vibrant ASEAN market， boost economic and industrial integration， ensure supply chain efficiency， and promote high-quality and sustainable development in the Lancang-Mekong region.

This is the first time since the establishment of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation mechanism that the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has been identified as an important content of the meeting. The Corridor will become an important carrier and platform to push for deeper and more practical implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative， develop Lancang-Mekong Economic Development Belt with greater efforts， and build a community of shared future for Lancang-Mekong countries.

The New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor is a strategic corridor with multiple economic effects that is jointly built by western provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） of China and ASEAN countries such as Singapore through regional coordination and international cooperation. It connects China and Europe's major international railway corridor to the west， the Yangtze River's golden waterway to the east， and the China-Indo-China Peninsula Economic Corridor to the south. It has built connectivity between China's western region and the five Mekong countries of Myanmar， Laos， Thailand， Cambodia， Vietnam and other ASEAN countries.

The western region of China has huge market potential and broad scope for cooperation in trade and industry with the five Mekong countries. Relying on the China-Singapore （Chongqing） Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity， the western provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities， by jointly promoting synergy between development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor and the Lancang-Mekong Economic Development Belt， will effectively achieve higher-level facility connectivity and unimpeded trade among the six countries， thus driving the cooperation in production capacity， cross-border economy and industrial parks， accelerating the construction of the Lancang-Mekong Economic Development Belt， upgrading of the quality and efficiency of the economy along the river， and bringing greater benefits to the people ?along the belt.

Driving and pushing forward the synergy between development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor and the Lancang-Mekong Economic Development Belt

China-Singapore （Chongqing） multimodal/intermodal transport demonstration base： It integrates modes of water， rail， air and road transportation to build a multimodal/intermodal transport demonstration area， supporting parks and areas with other functions.

China-Singapore international cold chain products trading platform： The platform can help open direct channels for distributors in the western region of China to import seafood. It can also harness Singapore's advantageous resources to help develop the cold chain logistics industry and improve the efficiency of cross-border multimodal/intermodal transport cold chain logistics. At the same time， it can also play a part in facilitating the construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor， balancing the two-way cargo， reducing shipping cost， and allow more agricultural products from western China to be exported to Southeast Asia.

Western China-ASEAN agricultural products trading service platform： This platform aims to explore and build a service platform for trading agricultural products between China and Singapore， and a China-Singapore agricultural science and technology standardization platform， and take them as vehicles to integrate the resources in western China and ASEAN， facilitate unimpeded trade channels， and facilitate agricultural products trade.

Smart China Expo and China – Singapore （Chongqing） Connectivity Initiative Financial Summit： Singapore has participated in the two events for two consecutive years and held dialogue sessions on jointly building the New Land-sea Corridor. Leaders of relevant ministries and commissions of China and Singapore， relevant leaders of 12 provinces and cities in western China， heads of large enterprises of both sides， and foreign envoys from Vietnam， Thailand and other countries attended the meeting， which has greatly enhanced the visibility and influence of the Corridor.

In 2019， two expert symposiums on project consultation were held， inviting former ambassador of China to ASEAN countries， leaders of ASEAN-China Center， well-known scholars from Singapore and Chongqing， to offer suggestions. And a memorandum of cooperation between Chongqing and ASEAN-China Center was signed ?to help Chongqing tap the ASEAN market.

Strengthening strategic cooperation with the five Mekong countries and jointly working for a shared beautiful blueprint

The New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor uses three forms of logistics organization： international rail-sea multimodal/intermodal transportation， cross-border road transportation and cross-border rail transportation. With the growing maturity of the Lancang-Mekong cooperation mechanism and the practical advancement of related projects， the Management Bureau of China-Singapore （Chongqing） Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Chongqing has carried out special research and， in combination with the progress and reality of the new land-sea corridor， to give full play to the advantages of the corridor operation center and practically promote various economic and trade cooperation with the Mekong countries.

Strengthen strategic cooperation with the five Mekong countries is high on the agenda. For example， to innovate and design the implementation details and paths for the new land-sea corridor to match up with Myanmar's "East-West Corridor and southward corridor"， Laos's "transformation of land-locked country into land-linked country"， Thailand's "Eastern Economic Corridor"， Cambodia's “Rectangular Strategy”， Vietnams "Two Corridors and One Economic Circle" and other national development strategies.

Third-party market cooperation has been actively explored. The new land-sea corridor should be the carrier to jointly expand the third-party market cooperation with Singapore， to support Chongqing and the western region to strengthen cooperation with ASEAN in logistics， trade， industry and other areas， and to carry out strategic and forward-looking deployment of industries with better advantages in the western region to be promoted in the ASEAN region. We will explore the construction mode of "international channel + logistics hub + industrial park"， strengthen the integration of resources， innovate on the division of labor and coordination of international industrial chains， as well as encourage and support Chongqing and the western region to cooperate with enterprises from the five Mekong countries along the Corridor.

Meanwhile， all related sides will promote infrastructure connectivity and coordinate Myanmar， Laos， Vietnam and other countries to jointly promote the speed-up transformation of the railway from Pingxiang in Guangxi to Hanoi in Vietnam， the railway from Hekou in Yunnan to Hanoi and to Haiphong in Vietnam， and the south-north railway from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam; all related sides will participate in the construction and operation of logistics hubs， encourage and guide platform enterprises with international logistics operation experience and resources to participate in the development， construction and management of port container terminals， important logistics parks， etc. through franchising， joint venture and other ways of cooperation; all related sides will continue to improve the efficiency of customs clearance and logistics， promote the "one inspection between China and Vietnam"， establish and improve mechanisms such as cross-border and cross-regional customs clearance cooperation， international customs clearance "three mutual" cooperation and customs enforcement linkage， and promote faster customs clearance and transfer of import and export goods.