現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)易混點(diǎn)聚焦

曲梁

一、have been to / have gone to / have been in的用法比較

1. have been to意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。

I have been to Guilin. I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。

2. have gone to意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。

She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。

3. have been in意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”。

You have never been there， have you？ 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

二、巧學(xué)妙記：同一個(gè)意思有四種不同的表達(dá)方式

我買這塊手表20年了。

I have had this watch for 20 years. （這個(gè)句型叫代替法：用一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替終止性動(dòng)詞，然后用“for+一段時(shí)間”句型結(jié)構(gòu)）

I bought this watch 20 years ago. （這個(gè)句型叫ago法：是用“終止性動(dòng)詞的一般過去式+一段時(shí)間+ago”）

It is 20 years since I bought this watch. （這個(gè)句型叫強(qiáng)調(diào)法：It is+一段時(shí)間+since+從句）

Twenty years has passed since I bought this watch. （這個(gè)句型叫 passed法：一段時(shí)間+ has passed+since+從句）

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較

1. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday）

I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）

2. 一般過去時(shí)和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：...ago， in 2018， in the past， yesterday，then， that day， one day， once （從前）， last week / month / year / night / Monday 等。

3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和recently （近來）， ever， never， twice， so far （到目前為止）， since， for， in the past / last few years， already （肯定句）， yet （否定、疑問句）， just （剛剛）， before （以前）等連用。

【牛刀小試】

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. —Do you know him well？

—Sure. We ___ friends since ten years ago.

A. were ? ? B. have been

C. have become ? D. have made

2. He has ___ been to Shanghai， has he？

A. already B. never C. ever ? ?D. still

3. Hurry up！ The play ___ for ten minutes.

A. has begun ? ? B. had begun

C. has been on ? ? D. began

4. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is ? ? B. has ? ? C. will ? ?D. was

5. Miss Brown isn't in the office. She ___ to the library.

A. has gone ? ? B. went

C. will go ? ? D. has been

6. We ___ Xiao Qu since she was a little girl.

A. know ? ? ? B. had known

C. have known ? D. knew

7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ___ twice.

A. will see ? ? B have seen

C. saw ? ? D. see

8. —These farmers have been to the United States.

—Really？ When ___ there？

A. will they go ? B. did they go

C. do they go ? ? D. have they gone

9. Kate ___ already ___ in this school for two years.

A. was; studying ? B. will; study

C. has; studied ? ? D. are; studying

10. His father ___ the Party since 1998.

A. joined ? ? B. has joined

C. was in ? ? D. has been in

11. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is ? ? B. has

C. will ? ? D. was

12. My parents ___ Dandong for ten years.

A. have been in ? B. have been to

C. have gone to ? D. have been

13. The students have cleaned the classroom，___？

A. so they ? ? ? B. don't they

C. have they ? ? D. haven't they

14. ___ has Mr. Green been a member of Greener China since he ___ to China？

A. How soon; comes

B. How often; got

C. How long; came

D. How far; arrived

15. —Look！ Someone ___ the classroom.

—Well， it wasn't me. I didn't do it.

A. is cleaning ? ? B. was cleaning

C. has cleaned ? D. will clean

二、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞。

1. 戴安娜已經(jīng)離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了，她希望盡快回來。

Diana ___ ___ ___ ___ her hometown for ten years and she hopes to come back ___ ___ ___ possible.

2. 自從來到無錫，我們學(xué)校的外教已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這里的生活。

The foreign teacher in our school ___?___ ___ ___ ___ ___ here since he came to Wuxi.

3. 自我開始學(xué)英語以來，我結(jié)識(shí)了很多外國(guó)朋友。

I have made many foreign friends ___ I ___ learning English.

4. 他們已經(jīng)采取行動(dòng)挽救野生動(dòng)物了嗎？

Have they ___ ___ to save wild animals yet？

5. 《復(fù)仇者聯(lián)盟4》已經(jīng)上映兩個(gè)月了。

Avengers： Endgame ___ ___ ___ for two months.

三、將下列句子翻譯成英語。

1. 這位法國(guó)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)在中國(guó)工作十多年了。

_________________

2. 我們?cè)?jīng)去過上海。

_________________

3. 我還沒學(xué)會(huì)怎樣使用這部手機(jī)。

_________________

4. 你從北京回來多久了？

_________________

5. 這部手機(jī)他已經(jīng)買兩年了。

_________________