杜典 劉芬
摘要:測定比較了以二年生蘋果砧木山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗正常供水和中度干旱脅迫下的葉片丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游離脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性。結(jié)果表明,隨著干旱脅迫時間延長,2種植物的丙二醛、可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸和過氧化物酶活性持續(xù)上升,且在整個脅迫過程中2種植物間差異顯著;可溶性蛋白含量則不斷降低,且于第7 d后差異顯著。中度干旱脅迫下,超氧化物歧化酶和過氧化氫酶活性于脅迫第7 d達到最大值,隨后不斷下降,表明2種植物前期對活性氧的清除能力較強,隨脅迫時間加長其抗氧化能力減弱。綜合分析,山定子的抗旱能力強于隴東海棠。
關(guān)鍵詞:蘋果砧木;中度干旱脅迫;滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì);抗氧化酶
中圖分類號:S661.1? ? ? 文獻標志碼:A? ? ? 文章編號:1001-1463(2020)08-0064-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.08.016
Abstract:The effects of normal water supply and moderate drought stress on malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity of two-year apple rootstocks Malus baccata and Malus kansuensis were studied. The results showed that the activities of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, free proline and peroxidase of the two rootstocks increased continuously with the prolongation of drought stress, and the differences between the two varieties were significant during the whole stress process, while the content of soluble protein decreased continuously, and the differences between the two varieties were significant after the 7th day. Under moderate drought stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase reached the maximum value on the 7th day of stress, and then decreased continuously, indicating that the scavenging ability of active oxygen in the early stage of two rootstocks was higher, and its antioxidant ability decreased with the increase of stress time. According to the comprehensive analysis, the drought resistance of apple rootstock Malus baccata is stronger than Malus kansuensis.
Key words:Apple rootstock;Moderate drought stress;Osmoregulation substance;Antioxidant enzymes
水資源的匱乏是導致植物遭受干旱脅迫的主要原因。當干旱脅迫發(fā)生,植物正常的生理代謝活動發(fā)生紊亂,可通過調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)生理生化物質(zhì)含量來減輕環(huán)境脅迫帶來的傷害[1 - 2 ]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),干旱脅迫加速了蘋果葉片中活性氧的產(chǎn)生速率,使得丙二醛和抗氧化酶活性顯著增加[3 ]。同時,干旱脅迫抑制了植物葉片細胞膜系統(tǒng)的正常生理活動,導致葉片失水,細胞內(nèi)有機與無機物質(zhì)濃度升高,從而維持細胞膨壓以減緩失水。
蘋果是甘肅隴東地區(qū)的重要經(jīng)濟樹種之一,其栽培區(qū)所處位置均為干旱、半干旱地區(qū),灌溉條件差,對蘋果的生長發(fā)育產(chǎn)生極大影響。砧木是蘋果樹體生長的根基,其抗旱能力的強弱直接決定蘋果樹體的生長,在干旱、半干旱地區(qū)蘋果生產(chǎn)中具有重要的實踐意義。我們以2年生蘋果砧木山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗為材料,研究了中度干旱脅迫對其滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量與抗氧化酶活性的影響,以期為蘋果砧木幼苗的規(guī)范化管理提供理論依據(jù)。
1? ?材料與方法
1.1? ?供試材料與試驗設計
2018年3 — 9月,選取二年生山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗進行試驗。每盆栽植1株,盆栽基質(zhì)采用草炭、蛭石與腐熟羊糞按體積比為1∶1∶1混合而成,均放置于簡易溫室中,自然光照,生長期溫度5~30 ℃。試驗開始前正常澆水管理。于2018年7月中旬,選擇山定子(SD)與隴東海棠(LD)生長趨勢一致的幼苗各40株進行試驗處理。采用稱重法控制基質(zhì)含水量,每隔1 d于18:00時稱重補水。共設置2個水分處理:處理1為正常澆水處理(CK),即保持基質(zhì)含水量至最大持水量的75%~85%;處理2為中度干旱脅迫處理(M),即保持基質(zhì)含水量至最大持水量的45%~55%。分別于處理后0、3、7、14、21 d采取葉片測定指標。3次重復。