魏軍 李霞
[摘要] 目的 觀察預見性護理及營養(yǎng)干預對糖尿病腎病透析過程中低血糖反應的干預效果。方法 將2016年6月—2019年5月該科行維持性血液透析的糖尿病腎病患者170 例,隨機分為對照組和觀察組,各85例,兩組患者均采用無糖碳酸氫鹽進行透析。對照組采用常規(guī)護理,觀察組針對透析過程中低血糖反應的相關誘因采用預見性護理和營養(yǎng)干預。檢測兩組透析時發(fā)生低血糖的比率,并統(tǒng)計兩組患者針對護理打分滿意度。結果 觀察組低血糖發(fā)生率(1.2%)低于對照組(17.6%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=13.523,P<0.05)。觀察組患者對護理的滿意度(98.8%)高于對照組(85.9%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=10.078,P<0.05)。結論 對糖尿病腎病透析患者采取低血糖反應的預見性護理及營養(yǎng)干預措施,可降低患者低血糖的發(fā)生,提高患者的護理滿意度,有效改善患者的透析質量和生活質量。
[關鍵詞] 糖尿病腎病;透析;低血糖反應;預見性;營養(yǎng)干預
[中圖分類號] R473.5? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1672-4062(2020)10(a)-0179-03
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of predictive nursing and nutritional intervention on hypoglycemia during dialysis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods 170 patients with diabetic nephropathy who underwent maintenance hemodialysis in the department from June 2016 to May 2019 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 85 cases each. Both groups were dialysis with sugar-free bicarbonate. The control group used routine nursing care, and the observation group used predictive nursing and nutritional intervention for the related inducements of hypoglycemia during dialysis. Detect the rate of hypoglycemia during dialysis in the two groups, and count the two groups of patients satisfaction with nursing scores. Results The incidence of hypoglycemia in the observation group(1.2%) was lower than that in the control group (17.6%), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=13.523, P<0.05). Patients in the observation group were more satisfied with nursing care(98.8%) than the control group (85.9%), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.078, P<0.05). Conclusion Adopting predictive care and nutritional intervention measures for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetic nephropathy on dialysis can reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia in patients, increase patient satisfaction with care, and effectively improve the quality of dialysis and quality of life of patients.
[Key words] Diabetic nephropathy; Dialysis; Hypoglycemia; Predictability; Nutritional intervention
糖尿病腎病是糖尿病患者一種常見的嚴重并發(fā)癥,絕大部分需要接受維持性血液透析。糖尿病腎病存在糖代謝紊亂,目前血液透析常采用無糖透析方式以控制感染風險,會在一定程度上增加患者低血糖發(fā)生幾率[1]。低血糖事件的發(fā)生是透析的糖尿病腎病患者壽命比慢性腎炎患者低的因素之一,嚴重影響患者的身心健康。因此預防透析期間發(fā)生低血糖,提高患者生存期,改善糖尿病腎病患者生存質量具有一定作用。2016年6月—2019年5月,針對透析過程中低血糖反應的相關誘因,該科給予維持性血液透析糖尿病腎病患者諸多預見性護理措施、營養(yǎng)干預,取得良好的臨床效果?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
選擇該科行維持性血液透析的糖尿病腎病患者170例,遵循知情同意原則,按照就診先后順序隨機分為對照組和觀察組,每組85例。對照組85例中男49例,女36例;年齡46~72歲,平均(55.4±7.5)歲;病程6~19年,平均(13.6±5.1)年;合并冠心病7例,視網(wǎng)膜病變6例,神經(jīng)病變11例,中重度營養(yǎng)不良13例;透析時長6個月~7年,平均(4.2±3.5)年。觀察組85例中男43例,女42例;年齡47~73歲,平均(54.9±7.8)歲;病程7~18年,平均(12.9±4.8)年;合并冠心病8例,視網(wǎng)膜病變7例,神經(jīng)病變10例,中重度營養(yǎng)不良14例;透析時長7個月~6.8年,平均(3.9±3.6)年。兩組患者年齡、性別、病程、病情等資料差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性?;颊呒捌浼覍倬炇鹬橥鈺山M患者均采用無糖碳酸氫鹽進行透析,透析時長約4 h/次,透析頻率2~3 次/周,透析過程中加用低分子肝素鈣抗凝。