多個維度用教材 一輪復(fù)習(xí)更出彩

湖北

目前，2021 屆考生基本都進(jìn)入了一輪復(fù)習(xí)階段。而筆者注意到在一輪復(fù)習(xí)的過程中，或多或少地存在著下面這些問題：教材的利用率較低、教師較多地依賴復(fù)習(xí)資料、教師講得多、教師與學(xué)生互動較少。由于2021 年是湖北省新高考的第一年，題型有很大的變化，因此，教師需要合理調(diào)整目前的備考現(xiàn)狀以期更好地應(yīng)對高考。在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，教材是抓手，是一切基礎(chǔ)知識的來源和依托。雖然我們現(xiàn)在使用的這套2005 年初審?fù)ㄟ^的高中英語人教版教材有一定的局限性，如某些單元知識有些陳舊、實(shí)用性不高、話題不能引起學(xué)生的共鳴等，但是教材是通過許多專家、學(xué)者和優(yōu)秀一線教師的共同努力打造出來的，其含金量不可小覷。因此如果我們在一輪復(fù)習(xí)的過程中調(diào)整部分課文的復(fù)習(xí)方式，或許會事半功倍。下面筆者以高中英語人教版教材選修七Unit 5 Travelling abroad 為例來談?wù)勅绾螐亩鄠€維度利用好教材進(jìn)行一輪復(fù)習(xí)?！皌ravelling”是學(xué)生比較熟悉的話題之一，本單元包含出國學(xué)習(xí)和旅游兩方面?，F(xiàn)在出國留學(xué)的人越來越多，隨著國際間交流的日益頻繁，學(xué)生出國的機(jī)會也隨之增多，所以這一單元可以以詞匯為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以實(shí)際使用為目標(biāo)來設(shè)計，以體現(xiàn)話題的實(shí)用性。

一、聽一聽，回顧課文很重要

教師可先將單元的重點(diǎn)單詞和易錯點(diǎn)設(shè)空，然后把設(shè)好空的文章發(fā)給學(xué)生，先讓學(xué)生對照含空文章聽一遍課文錄音，不動筆，再聽第二遍，選取幾個段落讓學(xué)生填空。本課文之所以在第一、二和五段設(shè)空，是因為這里面涵蓋的重點(diǎn)句型和詞匯較多。另外，課文中其他段落的劃線詞也是這一課的重點(diǎn)詞匯。一般情況下，每一單元的大部分重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)都集中在第一篇課文中，因此，教師特意讓學(xué)生聽一遍課文錄音，既鍛煉了學(xué)生的聽力，也幫助學(xué)生回顧了課文，為后面的復(fù)習(xí)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這一環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)置有一定難度，對學(xué)生的要求比較高，因為課文錄音語速很快，雖然每一段教師都會暫停下來讓學(xué)生填空，但學(xué)生稍不留神或?qū)φn文不夠熟悉就會造成很多空不會填的現(xiàn)象。

KEEP IT UP，XIE LEI

Chinese student fitting in well

Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and b____（一 詞 多 義）a plane for London.It was the first time she ____（句 型）(leave) her motherland.“After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long.But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what ____（句 型）(expect),”Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a q____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）at the student c____（學(xué)生常用詞）between l____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）.

Xie Lei,who is 21 years old,has come to our university to study for a business q____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）.She is halfway through the preparation year,which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.Xie Lei highly r____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）it.“The preparation course is most____（學(xué)生易錯詞）(benefit),” she said.“Studying here is quite different from studying in China,so you need some preparation first.”

“It’s not just study that’s difficult.You have to get used to a whole new way of life,which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,”explained Xie Lei,who had lived all her life in the same city in China.She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again.“Sometimes I felt like a child,”she said.“I had to learn how to use the phone,how to pay bus fare,and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn’t know the English for.When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions,I didn’t always understand.They don’t talk like they do in our listening tapes,”she said,laughing.

Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice.Although some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments,some choose to board with English families.Living with host families,in which there may be other college students,gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.“When I hear an idiom that I don’t understand,I can ask my host family for help,”explains Xie Lei.“Also,when I miss my family,it’s a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.”

Xie Lei’s preparation course is helping her to get used to the a____ r____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）of a Western university.“I remember the first essay I did for my t_____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞）,” she told me.“I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed.So I made a summary of the article,revised the draft and handed the essay in.I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E.I was n____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞） with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision.First of all,he told me,I couldn’t write what other people had said without a____（本單元重點(diǎn)詞） them.Besides,as far as he was c_____ （本單元重點(diǎn)詞）,what other people thought was not the most important thing.He wanted to know what I thought,which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read.Then,in my essay,I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors.Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I’d read! At first I lacked confidence,but now I’m beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved.More importantly,I am now a more a____（本單元難點(diǎn)詞）learner.”

Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in English now,and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal.“ I’ve just got one more thing to achieve.I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life,so I’m going to join a few clubs.Hopefully I’ll make some new friends.”

We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now,we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise.She deserves to succeed.

二、說一說，總結(jié)大意有必要

除聽課文錄音外，讓學(xué)生說出文章大意也很有必要。《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2017 年版2020 年修訂）》指出,“高中英語教材著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，注重提高學(xué)生的思維能力和用英語表達(dá)的水平”。同時，在歷年的高考英語中，總有幾道文章大意歸納題難住了一部分學(xué)生。在這一環(huán)節(jié)，教師應(yīng)讓學(xué)生用英語來表達(dá)文章大意，一方面培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的英語思維習(xí)慣，另一方面也訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的歸納總結(jié)能力。在課堂上筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然在上新課的時候已經(jīng)做過歸納文章大意的練習(xí)，但還是有很多學(xué)生并不能準(zhǔn)確地把大意表述出來。這更說明在復(fù)習(xí)階段抓住文本、解讀文本大意是非常有必要的。

三、品一品，單元重點(diǎn)要抓牢

了解了文章大意之后，教師可讓學(xué)生找一找這篇文章中最讓人印象深刻的詞和句子。建議每位同學(xué)最多找出三個詞、三個句子，并說明選擇的理由，如：可用于寫作、閱讀常見詞匯或用法特殊等，此環(huán)節(jié)可以加深學(xué)生對所選擇詞句的印象。因為在新課階段，學(xué)生已經(jīng)梳理了一遍文章的重點(diǎn)詞句，所以這個任務(wù)的難度不是很大，只是要求學(xué)生給出理由具有一點(diǎn)挑戰(zhàn)性。在課堂上，如果學(xué)生找到了本單元重點(diǎn)，教師應(yīng)請學(xué)生詳細(xì)講解為什么該詞匯是重點(diǎn)。如果學(xué)生找到的不是本單元重點(diǎn)，教師應(yīng)指出本單元重點(diǎn)是什么，并說明選擇的理由，以期讓學(xué)生掌握本單元重點(diǎn)，如words：highly recommend（可用于建議信，從句是虛擬語氣），academic requirement（作文詞匯，requirement 翻譯靈活），be numb with shock （numb 的本義與在該詞組中的含義不同）；sentences：①But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect.（疑問詞+to do）②When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions,I didn’t always understand.（注意“問路”的翻譯）③I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities./So occupied with work have I been that...（so...that 句型）

四、仿一仿，及時活用求提高

為檢驗學(xué)生是否已經(jīng)掌握第三個復(fù)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)中的重點(diǎn)詞句，鞏固所講知識，為下一個寫作環(huán)節(jié)奠定基礎(chǔ)，教師可結(jié)合平時學(xué)生在句子翻譯和寫作中遇到的難點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生翻譯以下幾個句子：

1.由于這是我第一次向外國人介紹中國漢字，我覺得有些緊張。

2.我很榮幸在這里和大家交流在高中要學(xué)習(xí)什么的看法。（疑問詞+不定式）

3.按照要求，參賽者們要在比賽前幾分鐘入座。(require/requirement/qualify)

以上三句是三個小情景，可以用在不同的應(yīng)用文寫作中。課堂結(jié)果顯示有一部分學(xué)生沒有把握好第三個環(huán)節(jié)中的重點(diǎn)詞句。第一句學(xué)生會把從句的時態(tài)寫錯；第二句學(xué)生沒有看清提示，用的是賓語從句；第三句學(xué)生注意到了虛擬語氣，但是有學(xué)生用了as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句同時又加了it。通過點(diǎn)撥和討論，學(xué)生形成了以下答案：①As this is the first time that I have introduced Chinese characters to foreigners,I feel a little nervous.②I feel privileged to（第四單元句型）share with you my opinion on what to learn in senior high school.③It is required that participants (should)take（虛擬語氣用法）their seats a few minutes earlier before the competition starts.

學(xué)生在反饋中談到，這一環(huán)節(jié)的翻譯對抓住本單元重點(diǎn)知識很有幫助。會翻譯單個句子，就會降低寫作時犯錯誤的幾率。

五、寫一寫，實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練達(dá)目標(biāo)

語言學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的是將其運(yùn)用到日常交流中。課堂學(xué)外語的最大弊端就是沒有合適的情景去鞏固所學(xué)知識，因此教師需要創(chuàng)設(shè)一定的情景幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會如何使用語言。在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，更多的強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與高考內(nèi)容相銜接的知識。雖然一堂復(fù)習(xí)課不能面面俱到，但是重難點(diǎn)一定要突出。為了回顧整篇文章的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)，教師可設(shè)計兩個寫作練習(xí)供學(xué)生選擇——一篇讀后續(xù)寫、一篇應(yīng)用文，并要求學(xué)生盡可能多地用到教師提供的本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯和句型，在用到的詞匯句型下畫線。

【讀后續(xù)寫】We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now,we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise.She deserves to succeed.

Another six months passed,and we met Xie Lei again. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【應(yīng)用文】Suppose you are Li Hua.You intend to study molecular biology（分子生物學(xué)）in the University of Warwick.Please write a letter to your pen friend Tony and ask him for some information about studying abroad.

讀后續(xù)寫是浙江省新高考的題型，對于湖北考生來說較陌生。通過深入挖掘教材，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)教材中也有一些篇章可以當(dāng)作讀后續(xù)寫的閱讀材料。而且在深入學(xué)習(xí)了文章內(nèi)容和語言表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)后，學(xué)生更容易下筆。本篇課文里面謝蕾談到了她在生活、學(xué)習(xí)中的困難和她要去平衡學(xué)習(xí)、生活的打算，這也為續(xù)寫埋下了伏筆。只要關(guān)注了前文，讀后續(xù)寫并不難。以下是一位同學(xué)的習(xí)作。

Another six months passed,and we met Xie Lei again.She has already finished her first year here and has no problem adjusting to the life here.She has made great progress in the past six months and is able to contradict others’ opinions,which is acknowledged as a kind of good quality.Besides,she is drafting for another essay and in preparation for the next exam.However,it will take one more year to get a business qualification for her.But she doesn’t worry about it at all because she fits in well with her host family,feeling comfortable to live and study here.To our surprise,she has acquired a balance between study and social life.She joined a reading club and also made some friends there.She says,“It is recommended to expand my scope.”We will still follow her progress in later editions.Keep it up.

范文幾乎沒有什么語法錯誤，而且和前文銜接得很好，此外，范文最后還模仿了前文的寫作風(fēng)格，是一篇較成功的續(xù)寫短文。

應(yīng)用文設(shè)計的是一封咨詢信：假設(shè)你是李華，打算去華威大學(xué)（the University of Warwick）學(xué)習(xí)生物分子學(xué)，請給筆友Tony 寫一封信，咨詢國外留學(xué)事宜。鑒于文章中提到謝蕾在很多方面逐漸適應(yīng)了學(xué)習(xí)，題干就沒有提供咨詢哪些事情了。結(jié)合實(shí)際生活，學(xué)生在出國留學(xué)時肯定希望能有一個熟人提供相關(guān)幫助，筆者希望學(xué)生能用到文章中的信息，合理地寫出自己想咨詢的事情。以下是一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作。

Dear Xie Lei,

I’m writing to ask you for some recommendations about studying abroad.

Recently,I’ll go to the University of Warwick to study molecular biology.Could you tell me what manners and habits I should pay attention to in a western school? Is it better to live on campus or live outside? Besides,can you recommend some useful books about my major?

I hope you can spare some time to read my letter and reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours,

Li Hua

這位同學(xué)在寫作的時候顧及了文章內(nèi)容，但是忽視了對文章重難點(diǎn)詞句的應(yīng)用。整體而言，達(dá)到了交際的功能，雖然沒有考慮到“盡可能多地使用本單元詞匯”的要求，但也算是比較成功的一篇文章。

本次課設(shè)計的初衷是更多地挖掘教材的價值、增強(qiáng)師生間的互動，將其穿插到一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，可以在一定程度上提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中有些環(huán)節(jié)還需要改進(jìn)，如聽力耗時較多、本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯沒有重點(diǎn)突出。以后在進(jìn)行課堂設(shè)計時可以只讓學(xué)生聽課文錄音不填空，然后說大意。筆者希望通過這種上課方式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在聽說讀寫方面的能力，并意識到教材的重要性，從而在以后的復(fù)習(xí)中加大對教材的關(guān)注和利用。