張君杰 徐茜 方天明 張麗 周明生
【摘要】 目的:本文探討了Hippo/YAP通路在血管緊張素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)誘導(dǎo)的高血壓腎損傷中的作用。方法:研究時(shí)間為2018年5月-2019年12月,將18只雄性C57BL/6小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、模型組、治療組(Verteporfin),模型組和治療組通過植入膠囊滲透壓泵連續(xù)灌注AngⅡ持續(xù)21 d,治療組從造模后第1天開始,隔天1次,腹腔注射Verteporfin至實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束。比較各組SBP、尿蛋白/尿肌酐結(jié)果,比較各組YAP、P-LATs、纖維化因子[TGF-β1、CTGF及纖維連接蛋白(FN)]、炎癥因子(TNF-α、MCP1及IL-1β)蛋白表達(dá)量。結(jié)果:三組SBP和尿蛋白/尿肌酐結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。三組腎小球纖維化面積百分比、腎小球硬化面積百分比比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。三組YAP、P-LATs蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。三組各纖維化因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。三組各炎癥因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)的高血壓腎損傷存在有Hippo/YAP通路的激活,該通路可能通過介導(dǎo)腎臟的炎癥及纖維化引起腎損傷和高血壓。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 Hippo/YAP通路 高血壓 腎損傷
The Role of Hippo/YAP Pathway in Angiotensin Ⅱ-Induced Hypertension and Its Associated Renal Injury/ZHANG Junjie, XU Qian, FANG Tianming, ZHANG Li, ZHOU Mingsheng. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(05): 0-024
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the role of the Hippo/YAP pathways in angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) induced hypertension renal injury. Method: From May 2018 to December 2019, 18 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and treatment group (Verteporfin). In the model group and the treatment group, AngⅡ was continuously perfused by implanting capsule osmotic pump for 21 days. In the Verteporfin treatment group, Verteporfin was injected intraperitoneally every other day, starting from the first day after modeling, until the end of the experiment. SBP and urinary protein/urinary creatinine were compared, the expressions of YAP, P-LATs, TGF-β1, CTGF and Fibronectin (FN), TNF-α, MCP1 and IL-1β were compared. Result: There were statistically significant differences in SBP and urinary protein/urinary creatinine among the three groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the percentage of glomerular fibrosis area and glomerular sclerosis area among the three groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the relative expression levels of YAP and P-LATs among the three groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the protein expression levels of fibrosis factors among the three groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the relative expression levels of inflammatory cytokines among the three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is activation of Hippo/YAP pathway in AngⅡ induced hypertensive renal injury, which may cause renal injury and hypertension by mediating renal inflammation and fibrosis.
[Key words] Hippo/YAP pathway Hypertensive Kidney injury
First-authors address: Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.05.006
高血壓是危害人類健康的常見病,可引起心腦腎等靶器官損害。高血壓是引起終末期腎?。╡nd stage renal disease, ESRD)的一個(gè)最主要危險(xiǎn)因素[1]。高血壓腎病的主要病理特征包括腎臟炎癥,腎小球基底膜增厚、硬化,腎小球及間質(zhì)纖維化[2]。高血壓腎病發(fā)病機(jī)制十分復(fù)雜,盡管進(jìn)行了深入的研究,但其發(fā)病機(jī)制目前尚未完全闡明[3-4]。
近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些心血管和腎臟疾病的發(fā)生可能與改變Hippo/YAP信號(hào)通路有關(guān)[5-6]。Hippo通路是在進(jìn)化過程中高度保守的信號(hào)通路,Yes-associated protein(YAP)是一個(gè)生物轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子,參與調(diào)控組織生長,協(xié)調(diào)細(xì)胞增殖、死亡和分化等[7],該通路早期研究主要集中在抗腫瘤領(lǐng)域[5]。目前有關(guān)該通路在腎臟中的作用所知甚少,近年來備受關(guān)注,最新研究提示Hippo/YAP通路參與腎小球和下尿道胚胎發(fā)育中的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo),維持腎臟足細(xì)胞穩(wěn)態(tài)平衡以及腎小球?yàn)V過屏障的完整性[8-10]。改變腎臟Hippo/YAP信號(hào)通路可能與一些腎臟疾病的發(fā)生,如糖尿病腎上皮損傷和腎臟纖維化發(fā)生等有關(guān)[8]。但有關(guān)該通路與高血壓及高血壓腎病的研究尚未見文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。通過灌注血管緊張素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)誘導(dǎo)小鼠高血壓是一種常見的高血壓動(dòng)物模型[10-11]。給予小鼠灌注3周升壓劑量的AngⅡ可以誘導(dǎo)穩(wěn)定性的高血壓和高血壓腎損傷。本研究將使用該模型,通過腹腔注射YAP抑制劑維替泊芬(Verteporfin, Ve,Ve是一個(gè)被廣泛應(yīng)用的YAP激活抑制劑)治療,探討Hippo/YAP通路在高血壓及其腎損傷中的作用及可能機(jī)制。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 儀器與材料 大小鼠無創(chuàng)血壓儀,超聲波破碎儀,高速臺(tái)式離心機(jī),SDS電泳儀,化學(xué)發(fā)光成像系統(tǒng),水平搖床,正置熒光顯微鏡,半封閉脫水機(jī),自動(dòng)組織包埋機(jī),手動(dòng)石蠟切片裝置[12]。SPF級(jí)C57BL/6小鼠18只。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分組及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案 研究時(shí)間為2018年5月-2019年12月,將8~10周齡雄性C57BL/6小鼠18只隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、模型組、治療組。正常對(duì)照組6只,平均體重(23.73±1.31)g;模型組6只,平均體重(23.88±1.05)g;治療組6只,平均體重(24.07±0.89)g。模型組和治療組通過植入膠囊滲透壓泵連續(xù)灌注AngⅡ, 1.1 mg/(kg·d)持續(xù)21 d,治療組腹腔注射Verteporfin(Selleck,Cat No.S1786,50 mg),注射濃度60 mg/kg,劑量
0.15 mL,隔日注射一次至實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束。用尾動(dòng)脈法分別測(cè)定小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)前、實(shí)驗(yàn)第1、2、3周的尾動(dòng)脈收縮壓(systolic blood pressure, SBP);3周后,處死動(dòng)物,從膀胱中收集尿液并解剖收集腎組織樣品。
1.3 模型制備 計(jì)算每個(gè)泵需要的AngⅡ的量,麻醉小鼠,埋泵,待小鼠蘇醒后,放回飼養(yǎng)籠。
1.4 尾動(dòng)脈血壓測(cè)量 使用無創(chuàng)尾動(dòng)脈血壓儀測(cè)量小鼠尾動(dòng)脈血壓,反復(fù)測(cè)量5次,求平均值。
1.5 尿蛋白和肌酐測(cè)定 將收集到的尿液按照BCA法測(cè)定尿蛋白的濃度,用酶標(biāo)免疫法測(cè)定尿樣品中的肌酐含量,計(jì)算尿蛋白與肌酐比值。
1.6 腎組織PAS和Masson染色 腎臟組織的石蠟切片,PAS染色后用顯微鏡對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行拍照以評(píng)估腎小球損傷,最后計(jì)算出腎小球硬化面積占整個(gè)腎小球面積的百分比。Masson染色對(duì)腎臟組織中膠原蛋白含量的進(jìn)行半定量分析,以評(píng)估腎纖維化。對(duì)Masson染色分析使用膠原容積分?jǐn)?shù),即膠原陽性的藍(lán)色面積與組織總面積的百分比。
1.7 Western blot 檢測(cè)YAP、P-LATs、纖維化因子[TGF-β1、CTGF及纖維連接蛋白(FN)]、炎癥因子(TNF-α、MCP1及IL-1β)蛋白表達(dá)量。(1)制樣提前打開離心機(jī)4 ℃預(yù)冷。將收集好用于Western blot的腎臟組織置于EP管中,依據(jù)組織重量,按比例加入配制好的裂解液,4 ℃ 12 000 r/min離心30 min并吸取上清;(2)BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度;(3)配制SDS-PAGE膠;(4)電泳;(5)濕轉(zhuǎn)法轉(zhuǎn)膜;(6)雜交;(7)ECL顯色,PVDF膜滴加配置好的AB發(fā)光液后孵育1 min,顯影攝片,Image J統(tǒng)計(jì)灰度值。
1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 圖像分析使用Image J,數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及作圖使用GraphPad Prism 5。結(jié)果用(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組SBP和尿蛋白/尿肌酐結(jié)果比較 三組SBP和尿蛋白/尿肌酐結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 三組MASSON染色和PAS染色結(jié)果比較 三組腎小球纖維化面積百分比、腎小球硬化面積百分比比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 三組YAP、P-LATs蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較 三組YAP、P-LATs蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 三組各纖維化因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量 三組各纖維化因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 各炎癥因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較 三組各炎癥因子蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表5。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-03) (本文編輯:姬思雨)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年5期