四川 付 利
所謂簡單句,就是由一個主語或者并列主語,加一個謂語或者并列謂語構(gòu)成。 簡單句是一切句型的基礎(chǔ),也是書面表達(dá)中出場率最高的句子。 簡單句包括五大基本句型:主謂、主謂賓、主謂雙賓、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)和主系表。
(2019·全國乙卷)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a student from China.Having known a Chinese Painting exhibition to be held by the local art gallery, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer.
I'm confident that I'm qualified for the position.First, I have a good command of both Chinese and English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners without difficulty.Second, I have the similar experience, and know the duty of a volunteer better.In addition, I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to anyone who is in need.I think I'm the exact person you need.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li hua
在這篇書面表達(dá)中我們能看到許多的簡單句。簡單句是一篇書面表達(dá)的核心句型。而且我們也要明白,書面表達(dá)并不是我們想象中那么高深、令人生畏。 大家要樹立這樣的自信:只要我們把題審好了,把要點(diǎn)涵蓋全,語言表達(dá)不是我們想象中那么難以駕馭。(2019·全國丙卷)
Dear Allen,
How's it going? I'm writing to invite you to take part in our coming School Music Festival.主語 謂語The Festival will be celebrated on June 16 in the Art Center.As scheduled, it will begin at 9 am主語 謂語 主語 謂語and go on to 12 am.If you're present, you'll be sure to enjoy wonderful Chinese folk songs and Western主語系動詞表語music performed by our teachers and schoolmates.Since you're an expert in theatrical performances,I sincerely invite you to sing and dance on the show.I believe it must be one of the highlights.主語 謂語 賓語 賓補(bǔ) 主語 謂語 賓語(從句)I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
在這篇文章中,除了五大基本句型中的主謂雙賓之外,其他句型都用到了。 主謂雙賓的例子如下:(2019·全國甲卷)
I will give you an introduction to the game so that you can make full preparations for it.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
一、主語
主語是句子的主體,是謂語陳述的對象。 謂語動詞要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 以下詞類或者結(jié)構(gòu)常作主語: 名詞、代詞、the +adj./ p.p.、動名詞、不定式、從句、it作形式主語等。 動詞不能作主語。 祈使句一般沒有主語。
1.Both Brenda and Janette were admitted into the famous university.(名詞)
2.All is well that ends well.(代詞)
3.The injured were well taken care of in the hospital.(the + p.p.)
4.Persuading him to join us took us a lot of time.(動名詞)
5.To prevent the animals from extinction is to save ourselves.(不定式)
6.What we don't have always seems better than what we have.(從句)
7.It's clear that cleaning hands can effectively fight against COVID-19.(it作形式主語)
二、謂語
謂語是指在句子中作謂語的動詞或者動詞短語,說明主語“是什么”或者“做什么”。 動詞的具體分類如下:
主動詞實(shí)義動詞 start、run、write等連系動詞 be、become、turn、get、go、remain、fall、stay等謂語動詞基本助動詞(無實(shí)義) be、do、have、will等根據(jù)句法功能分類助動詞情態(tài)助動詞 can、could、may、might、must、should、need等不定式 to speak、to talk、to play等非謂語動詞分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)動名詞taking、managing、opening、closed、carried等walking、running、saying等根據(jù)詞匯意義分類狀態(tài)動詞 狀態(tài)詞 be、remain、keep、stay、stand、lie、sit、sleep等動作動詞持續(xù)性動詞 live、work、walk、study等終止性動詞 pause、stop、die、come、promise、break等
(一)及物動詞與不及物動詞
及物動詞和不及物動詞都是實(shí)義動詞。 實(shí)義動詞是指具有完整意義,可以獨(dú)立作謂語的動詞。 實(shí)義動詞也可以與助動詞一起用,表達(dá)更加復(fù)雜的動詞意義。 及物動詞有被動語態(tài)。
能直接跟賓語的動詞叫及物動詞。 和及物動詞有關(guān)的基本句型:主—謂—賓、 主—謂—雙賓、主—謂—賓語—賓補(bǔ)。
1.I accepted his invitation.(主謂賓)
2.I found that he had great interest in English.(主謂賓)
3.I will show you my new pictures.(主謂雙賓)
4.Roy taught us some simple French.(主謂雙賓)
5.Tony found it hard to pronounce Russian.(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
6.He found smoke rising from the house while waiting for his girlfriend.(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
7.The chairman made himself heard by raising his voice.(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
不及物動詞是指后面不能跟賓語的動詞。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。在英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可以作及物動詞,也可作不及物動詞。單純的不及物動詞很少。不及物動詞包括:apologize、appear、arrive、come、go、run、walk、die、fall、flow、happen、rise、stay、sit、lie、stand。
和不及物動詞有關(guān)的基本句型:主—謂。 但是很少有這么簡單的句子,一般跟狀語或者跟合適的介詞帶賓語。
1.Jerry is running so fast.
2.Steven has stayed upstairs for an hour.
3.He stopped to have a rest.
4.He listened to the radio so attentively that he almost ran into the car ahead.
(二)連系動詞
連接主語和表示主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的動詞,稱為連系動詞。 連系動詞涉及的基本句型是:主—系—表。
表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞:be、seem、appear、keep、stay、remain等
表示變化的連系動詞:become、get、grow、turn、go等
表示感官的連系動詞:seem、appear、look、smell、taste、sound、feel等
還有其他連系動詞:prove、turn out、fall等
三、賓語、雙賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語
賓語是動詞所作用的對象,一般由名詞、代詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞和代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,也有形容詞賓語。 雙賓語是指直接賓語和間接賓語。 能夠接雙賓語的動詞比較有限,比如teach、show、tell、ask、pay、promise、pass、hand、post、keep、order、sing、get等。 賓語補(bǔ)語是對賓語補(bǔ)充,通常由形容詞或者形容詞短語、名詞、不定式、V-ing、 V-ed、介詞短短、副詞等擔(dān)任,可以接賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞也比較有限。 例句參照上文。
四、表語
表語通常放在情態(tài)動詞之后,表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)。 作表語的通常是名詞、代詞、形容詞、V-ing、V-ed、不定式、介詞短語、從句等。
1.Tomorrow is the first day of school.
2.As a saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
3.Old as he is, he still remains important in the town.
4.His hair turned grey overnight.
1.我已經(jīng)寫好了申請信和個人簡歷。 (主謂賓)_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2017·全國甲卷)參觀這個展覽,我們不僅可以欣賞民間作品,而且可以學(xué)到很多。 (主謂賓)
Visiting this exhibition,____________________________________________________________________
3.為了解決這個問題,我和我的同學(xué)們討論了一下,并提出了一個建議。 (主謂賓)
To solve this problem,____________________________________________________________________
4.(2017·全國丙卷)如果你要參加,請把信息發(fā)到intlpssppt@gmschool.com。 (主謂雙賓)
If you will join,____________________________________________________________________
5.我們把這個想法匯報給了校長。 (主謂雙賓)_
6.(2017·浙江卷)我打算去遠(yuǎn)足,想邀請你參加。 (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
I plan to go hiking, and I want to____________________________________________________________________
7.現(xiàn)在,我代表全校同學(xué)真誠祝愿你平安回家。 (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
Now, on behalf of my schoolmates,____________________________________________________________________
8.(2017·全國丙卷)我想邀請你加入,因?yàn)槟愫軙蚱古仪颉?(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
____________________________________________________________________, since you are good at table tennis.
9.(2019·全國甲卷)比賽將于下周三在我們學(xué)校體育館開始。 (主謂)_
10.(2018·全國乙卷)首先,你最好提前一點(diǎn)到。 (主謂)
First of all,____________________________________________________________________
11.(2019·浙江卷)聽到你即將回國的消息,我感到很難過。 (主系表)
12.(2017·全國甲卷)剪紙是一門歷史悠久的中國民間藝術(shù)。 (主系表)
13.(2017·浙江卷)10月1日早上8點(diǎn),我們將在校門口集合。 (主系表)
14.展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。 (主系表)_
(2020·全國丙卷)
Dear Miss Evans,
1.________________(我很高興告訴你) that 2.____________________ (我和我的同學(xué)寫了一部英語劇).3._____________________ (我寫信來請你給一些建議) on how to improve it.
4.___________________(這部劇是根據(jù)英語課本的一個故事改編的).5.___________________(故事講的是4個兄弟姐妹在一個虛構(gòu)的冰雪世界Narnia的冒險經(jīng)歷).While fighting against enemies with Aslan and other warriors, 6.___________________(他們學(xué)會了勇敢、寬恕和智慧) and restore summer to Narnia.Since you are an expert in drama, 7.__________________ _(我們真誠希望你能幫我們修改劇本), making 8._____________________(情節(jié)更吸引人), words more lively and contents richer.If convenient, would you meet us at 3 pm in our classroom this Saturday?
We would be grateful if you could give us an early reply.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua
生活中沖突時有發(fā)生。 請你結(jié)合學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷,并根據(jù)以下提示,用英語寫一篇短文,向?qū)W校英文報Happy Teens專欄投稿。 內(nèi)容包括:
1.你身邊的沖突例子;
2.分析產(chǎn)生沖突的原因;
3.提出相關(guān)措施。
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.________________________________________________________________