用“some”or“any”

隋欣媛

我們知道，some通常用于肯定句，any則用于否定句或疑問句。但隨著學(xué)習(xí)的深入，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)情況并不完全如此，下面對它們的用法做出歸納。

一、some和any作為形容詞或代詞，可以用來說明或代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示不定量，意為“一些”，其區(qū)別是：對其所說明或代替的名詞持肯定態(tài)度時，用some;持非肯定（否定或疑問）態(tài)度時，用any。

在以下句子中使用some：

1.肯定句（包括肯定的陳述句和祈使句以及反意疑問句中肯定的陳述部分）。如：

There are some new books on the teacher’s desk.

We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you， please.

He bought some bread， didn’t he？

2.持肯定態(tài)度的一般疑問句。如：

Are there some stamps in that drawer？

Didn’t she give you some money？

3.表示請求或建議的一般疑問句，通常都希望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)，所以也用some。如：

May I ask you some questions？

Would you like some tea？

4.特殊疑問句及選擇疑問句。因?yàn)樘厥庖蓡柧浜瓦x擇疑問句并不對some所說明或代替的名詞表示疑問。如：

Where can I get some buttons？

Do you have some pens or pencils？

在以下句子中使用any：

1.否定句（包括否定的陳述句和祈使句以及反意疑問句中否定的陳述部分）。如：

I can’t give you any help now.

Do not make any noise.

There weren’t any trees here， were there？

2.含有除not以外的其他否定詞或否定結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。如：

Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.

He went to London without any money in his pocket.

She was too poor to buy any new clothes.

3.一般疑問句（持肯定態(tài)度的除外）。如：

Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday？

I want some paper. Do you have any？

4.條件狀語從句。如：

If you are looking for any ink， you can find it on my desk.

If there are any good apples there， get me two kilos， please.

因?yàn)闂l件句“如果……”表達(dá)的也是不肯定的態(tài)度。但是，如果說話者持肯定的態(tài)度或期待得到肯定的答復(fù)時，則可以用some。如：

Bring me two pieces of paper if you have some.

5.whether/ if（是否）引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.

He asked if he could drink any cool water.

二、some還可表示“某些”或用在單數(shù)名詞前表示“某一個”。any則可用于表示“任何一些”或“（至少三個中）任何一個”，二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如：

I don’t like some of them.

He is working at some place in the north.

Any criminal（s） will be punished.

You can take any of these.

三、some和any也可作為副詞，用于比較級前，表示程度，意為“稍許，幾分”，用法與其作形容詞或代詞表示“一些”時基本相同。如：

He feels some better now.

She was so tired that she could not go any further.

some還可以用在數(shù)字之前，意為“大約”。如：

He is some forty years old.

四、由some-和any-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞和不定副詞，其用法區(qū)別多與some和any相同。如：

Something is wrong with her eyes.

There is not anybody in this room.

Have you seen it anywhere？

Haven’t you forgotten something？（持肯定態(tài)度）

練一練：

請用some或any填空：

1. Could you get me coffee， please？

2. I heard that he would stay there for days.

3. Don’t take magazines out of the reading-room.

4. —Did he buy cakes or cookies？

—Cookies， I think.

5. If you have questions， ask me， please.

6. schoolboy would know that， yet you don’t.

參考答案：

1. some? 2. some 3. any 4. some 5. any 6. Any