管秀玲

問題導(dǎo)向?qū)W習(xí)（Problem-Based?Learning），把學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)置在真實(shí)存在并且負(fù)責(zé)的問題情境當(dāng)中，學(xué)生通過小組合作和自主探究等形式解決實(shí)際問題，學(xué)習(xí)隱藏在問題背后的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。PBL教學(xué)模式的教學(xué)流程大體包括六個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)：組織小組;設(shè)計(jì)問題;（呈現(xiàn)）遭遇問題;自我指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí);嘗試?yán)眯轮R(shí)循環(huán)往復(fù)解決問題;學(xué)習(xí)過程中的總結(jié)、反思和評(píng)價(jià)。（支永碧）隨著評(píng)價(jià)方式和教學(xué)活動(dòng)的多元化，筆者在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)該模式進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì)，如右圖。

一、聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際再構(gòu)文本，提升語言運(yùn)用能力

五年級(jí)下冊Unit?3“Now?and?Future”，主題是一個(gè)男孩子對(duì)自己未來的計(jì)劃。在課堂上，我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生：Why?the?boy?changes?so?much?in?the?future？?學(xué)生對(duì)于這種開放性的問題很有興趣。經(jīng)過一番探討，他們聯(lián)系自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，用Jigsaw的方式，全班拼接了一個(gè)新的故事，真實(shí)、條理清晰、邏輯性強(qiáng)，也很感人。

I?am?Bob.?I?am?a?primary?school?student.?I?am?an?average?student?in?my?class.?Im?good?at?Math，?but?I?am?weak?in?English.?There?are?many?things?I?dont?like?in?my?school.

For?example，?I?dont?like?to?learn?the?English?words?by?heart.?I?think?it?is?boring?for?me.?I?dont?like?to?get?up?early，?so?I?have?no?time?for?my?breakfast，?so?I?am?often?late?for?school.

I?dont?like?sports，?so?get?tired?easily.?But?I?like?watching?TV.?I?can?sit?on?the?sofa?all?day?and?keep?watching?TV.?What?I?want?most?is?to?kill?time.

Everything?changed?since?my?mom?was?badly?sick?and?sent?to?the?hospital.?She?was?in?a?lot?of?pain.?I?felt?so?bad?seeing?that.?From?then?on，?I?want?to?be?a?doctor?in?the?future.?I?want?to?help?the?sick?people.

Maybe?I?can?never?be?a?top?student?in?my?class，?but?I?can?try?to?be?the?best?of?myself！

二、針對(duì)有爭議性的話題進(jìn)行批判性思維能力訓(xùn)練

六年級(jí)上冊Unit?5“Animals?in?Danger”的Read?a?story部分，關(guān)于是否要將養(yǎng)育多年的獅子重新送回野外，我們組織了一場辯論會(huì)。學(xué)生課前非常積極地查閱資料和準(zhǔn)備，辯論會(huì)空前熱烈。

正方觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為：I?agree?to?send?Elsa?back?to?the?wild，?because：

1.?It?took?a?lot?of?money?and?food?for?Joy?to?raise?an?adult?lion.

2.?The?lion?is?a?wild?animal，?not?a?cat.?It?belongs?to?the?wild.

3.?Free?the?lion，?or?else?it?will?not?be?happy.

4.?Now?Elsa?is?young，?it?can?learn?how?to?survive?in?the?wild.?Once?it?depends?so?much?on?Joy，?one?day?when?Joy?passes?away，?what?should?Elsa?do？?...

反方觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為：I?dont?agree?to?send?Elsa?back?to?the?wild，?because：

1.?After?a?long?time?staying?with?Joy，?Elsa?cannot?get?used?to?the?life?in?the?wild.

2.?If?you?suddenly?drive?the?lion?away，?it?may?die?quickly.

3.?If?you?have?not?much?money，why?not?send?the?lion?to?the?zoo？?The?zookeepers?there?will?take?good?care?of?the?lion.

4.?You?adopted?the?lion?when?it?was?a?baby.?It?is?a?member?of?your?family.?How?can?you?send?your?family?member?away？?...

三、創(chuàng)編課本劇，進(jìn)行文化品格滲透

小學(xué)高年級(jí)的學(xué)生，如果僅僅背誦并演繹課本故事，興趣不高。相對(duì)于簡單地重復(fù)課本知識(shí)，他們更愿意創(chuàng)編自己的課本劇。六年級(jí)下冊Unit?2?“The?happy?farmer?and?his?wife”，學(xué)生覺得仙女的態(tài)度居高臨下，而農(nóng)民夫婦的拒絕簡單粗暴，不夠有禮貌，他們決定利用周末編寫課本劇。最終定稿如下：

Fairy：?I?am?Luck?Fairy.?I?bring?happiness?and?good?luck?to?people.?Fred，?you?are?a?good?and?hard-working?farmer.?I?would?like?to?give?you?three?wishes.

Fred?and?Doris：?Thank?you?very?much.?Well?remember?your?kindness.?But?we?dont?need?any?wishes.?Although?we?are?old，?we?work?in?the?field?every?day?happily.

Fairy：?Hmm...?You?dont?need?earn?much.?I?can?give?you?some?gold?coins.?They?can?make?you?rich.

Doris：?Though?we?are?poor，?we?live?happily.

Fairy：?Let?me?see.?Your?hut?is?old?and?small.?I?can?give?you?a?big?and?new?house.?I?think?you?may?need?it.

Fred：?Although?our?hut?is?old?and?small，?it?is?still?comfortable.

Fairy：?How?about?some?beautiful?clothes？?Your?clothes?are?out?of?style.

Dories：?Although?our?clothes?are?old，?they?are?still?beautiful?in?my?heart.?They?keep?us?warm?in?the?winter.

Fairy：?You?are?not?greedy.?I?hope?that?you?will?stay?healthy?forever.（Then?she?disappeared.）

四、布置創(chuàng)新型項(xiàng)目作業(yè)，提升學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力

如今三亞是旅游熱土，教授五年級(jí)下冊?Unit?6“Welcome?to?Sanya！”我讓學(xué)生為三亞代言，吸引更多的游客到三亞來。這就需要他們結(jié)合實(shí)際情況，提升這個(gè)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容。學(xué)生以五人為一小組，利用不同季節(jié)不同風(fēng)景，進(jìn)行代言。

Student?1：Sanya?is?a?coastal?tourist?city?on?Hainan?Island?of?South?China.?Sanya?is?a?paradise?where?you?can?enjoy?everything?that?is?in?harmony?with?coconut?trees?and?blue?seas，?native?customs，?bright?sunshine，?and?sandy?beaches.?No?wonder?people?call?it“Oriental?Hawaii”.

The?four?seasons?in?Sanya?are?all?charming.

Student?2：?Spring?is?the?best?season?of?the?year.?The?weather?gets?warmer?and?it?is?the?best?season?for?the?children?to?fly?kites.?There?is?a?big?butterfly?park?in?Sanya?too.?You?will?see?many?beautiful?butterflies?there.

Student?3：?Summer?is?full?of?vitality.?People?like?to?swim?in?the?sea.?You?can?visit?The?Sea?World.?We?can?often?see?thousands?of?birds?flying?in?the?blue?sky.?There?are?different?kinds?of?fish?jumping?in?the?clear?sea.?You?will?love?the?fish?and?the?sea?plants?there.

Student?4：?Autumn?is?a?busy?season.?It?is?time?for?the?fall?harvest.?People?are?busy?gathering?the?crops?in?the?fields.

Student?5：?Winter?is?the?last?season，?but?it?is?as?warm?as?spring.?Sometimes?it?is?only?windy.?You?can?still?see?many?beautiful?flowers，?singing?birds，?and?dancing?butterflies?in?the?garden.

（Together）：We?believe?you?will?love?Sanya?if?you?come?here！

責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦