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      雅思寫作詞匯(3):萬(wàn)能高分詞匯

      2021-09-14 13:30:45唐老雅
      英語(yǔ)世界 2021年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:雅思萬(wàn)能范文

      “雅思寫作詞匯”系列里,老雅已經(jīng)指出,雅思寫作(即使高分段寫作)并不需要特別高端的單詞。老雅的基本觀點(diǎn)是:如果能準(zhǔn)確使用4500左右的單詞,就能達(dá)到寫作7分的詞匯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本次專欄,老雅將具體介紹萬(wàn)能的雅思寫作高分詞匯(本專欄接下來(lái)3期文章將陸續(xù)介紹更多萬(wàn)能高分詞匯,請(qǐng)讀者繼續(xù)關(guān)注)。需要說(shuō)明的是,所謂“萬(wàn)能”,是指這些單詞可以在多數(shù)題材中用到,因此考生既可以為了意思表達(dá)需要使用這些單詞,也可以為了使用這些單詞而調(diào)整需要表達(dá)的意思。

      萬(wàn)能詞匯:available

      available是一個(gè)非常有用的高端寫作單詞,其基本意思是“可以獲得的;可以使用的;有效的”。比如:

      Doyouhave a room available?你們有空房間嗎?

      You will be informed when the book becomes available.那本書一到就通知你。

      There were no tickets available for Fridays performance.周五的演出已經(jīng)沒(méi)有票賣了。

      The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation.目標(biāo)是讓每個(gè)有意愿有能力的人都可獲得高等教育,無(wú)論他的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況如何。

      在《劍橋雅思》的一篇關(guān)于交通類題材的官方范文中有這么一句:

      However,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this.we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers.然而,改變?nèi)藗兡軌蚴褂玫乃饺私煌üぞ卟⒉荒芙鉀Q交通阻塞問(wèn)題。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們需要提高可供人們選乘的公共交通服務(wù)。

      在這個(gè)句子中,“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers”完全可以改寫為“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services that can be used by travelers”,但這樣一來(lái),詞匯的幅度就顯得不足了。以下我們?cè)倏蠢涎旁瓌?chuàng)的雅思真題高分范文中的兩個(gè)句子。

      Meanwhile,cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who,relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances,suddenly find they have a great amount of free time.同時(shí),由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展,當(dāng)代城市居民已經(jīng)從手工勞作中解脫出來(lái),他們突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有大量空閑時(shí)間,但是數(shù)世紀(jì)前修建的城鎮(zhèn)卻沒(méi)有足夠的娛樂(lè)和體育設(shè)施供他們使用。(2016/11/3,舊城市帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題)

      We live in an age of electronic communication,and the Internet helps us in a lot of ways.Yet the fact that we have computers and smartphones readily available does not mean that we do not need face-to-face communication any more.我們生活在電子通信時(shí)代,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在很多方面為我們提供幫助。然而,我們可以隨時(shí)使用電腦和智能手機(jī)這一事實(shí)并不意味著我們不再需要面對(duì)面的交流。(2018/4/21,網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流取代面對(duì)面交流是好還是壞?)

      萬(wàn)能詞匯:specific

      specific使用也比較廣泛,其基本含義是“特定的;具體的”,經(jīng)常用于短語(yǔ)“to be more specific”,意思為“說(shuō)得更具體點(diǎn)”。比如:

      There are several specific problems to be dealt with.有幾個(gè)具體問(wèn)題需要解決。

      She declined to give more specific reasons for the separation.她拒絕給出更確切的分手原因。

      He is a teenager.To be more specific,he is fifteen now.他有十多歲,說(shuō)得更具體點(diǎn),他現(xiàn)在15歲。

      以下我們看specific在老雅范文中是如何使用的。

      Undoubtedly,many people may benefit from the practice.To be more specific,in a country where the government pays the tuition,all people,especially those from poverty-stricken areas,are entitled to the equal access to highereducation regardless of their background.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),這個(gè)做法會(huì)讓很多人獲益。說(shuō)得更具體些,如果一個(gè)國(guó)家由政府來(lái)支付學(xué)費(fèi),那么所有人(尤其是那些來(lái)自貧困地區(qū)的人)都能獲得相同的高等教育機(jī)會(huì),無(wú)論其背景如何。(2013/8/17,政府支付學(xué)費(fèi)的利弊)

      Yet one issue is still in debate:to whom should the money of charity organisations go,exclusively to people who live in the same country as the organisations,or to all people regardless of where they live? To my mind,the answer to this question depends largely on the mission of specific charity organisations.然而,有一個(gè)問(wèn)題仍在爭(zhēng)論中:慈善組織的錢到底該用在誰(shuí)身上,應(yīng)該用于與機(jī)構(gòu)同一國(guó)家的人呢,還是用于所有人,不管他們生活在哪里?在我看來(lái),這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案在很大程度上取決于特定慈善組織的使命。(201 6/8/20,慈善機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該只幫助本國(guó)人嗎?)

      A city designed on the basis of clearly-defined functional areas can make our life a lot easier and more efficient.When we want to buy a specific model of computer,for example,we can simply visit the citys hi-tech market without having to rummage every corner of the city.一個(gè)以明確功能分區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)而設(shè)計(jì)的城市能使我們的生活輕松和有效得多。比如,當(dāng)我們想買一臺(tái)特定型號(hào)的計(jì)算機(jī),我們可以訪問(wèn)城市的高科技市場(chǎng),而沒(méi)有必要搜尋城市的每個(gè)角落。(2018/7/27,城市功能分區(qū)好嗎?)

      萬(wàn)能詞匯:alternative

      alternative絕對(duì)是一個(gè)萬(wàn)能單詞,可作形容詞,表示“另外的,其他的,可用來(lái)替換的”,也可以作名詞,表示“另一個(gè)選擇”。比如:

      Im awfully sorry,meres no alternative but to sell me car.真的很抱歉,我沒(méi)有其他辦法只能賣汽車了。

      Everyone will accept computers,because there is no alternative.我們都會(huì)接受電腦,因?yàn)閯e無(wú)選擇。

      Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.在美國(guó),在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中勝出常被看作可以替代基于家庭背景的社會(huì)地位。

      在《劍橋雅思》一篇關(guān)于“開(kāi)車優(yōu)劣勢(shì)”的高分范文中有這么一句:Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and afrordablealternatives to driving your own cars for long journeys.本句中的alternative用作名詞,全句的意思為:應(yīng)該讓長(zhǎng)途火車和客車既有吸引力,價(jià)格又便宜,在長(zhǎng)距離旅行中來(lái)替代自駕。以下看出現(xiàn)在老雅范文中的alternative。

      In conclusion,there are reasons why countries should reduce their consumption of fossil fuels such as oil,coal and natural gas,but more realistically,they should find ways of generating and storing alternative sources such as solar and wind energy.總之,各國(guó)應(yīng)該減少石油、煤炭和天然氣等化石燃料的消耗是有原因的,但更現(xiàn)實(shí)的是,它們應(yīng)該找到方法來(lái)生產(chǎn)和儲(chǔ)存替代能源,如太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能。(2019/10/19,我們必須少使用化石燃料嗎?)

      Environmentally-friendly alternative energy such as solar energy ought to be widely used so that people may continue their present lifestyle but with little environmental impact.環(huán)境友好的替代能源,如太陽(yáng)能,應(yīng)該被廣泛使用,以便人們可以繼續(xù)他們目前的生活方式,但不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生什么影響。(2020/8/22,讓一代人放棄舒適生活是解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵嗎?)

      萬(wàn)能詞匯:afford

      afrord這個(gè)詞也比較靈活,其基本意思是“提供;承擔(dān)得起”。比如:

      These trees afrord a pleasant shade.這些樹(shù)提供了陰涼。

      I cant afrord a holiday this summer.今年夏天我沒(méi)錢度假。

      以下我們看afford在老雅范文中是如何被使用的。

      I still remember a few days ago when walking in front of a supermarket,I saw how a little girl,with her eyes glued to an advertising board,pestered her momer for the expensive toy on it mat her mother evidently could not afford.我仍記得幾天前路過(guò)一家超市時(shí),看見(jiàn)一個(gè)小女孩眼巴巴地盯著一塊廣告牌,纏著她母親買上面宣傳的昂貴玩具,但很顯然,她母親買不起這種玩具。(2018/4/22,廣告對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人的影響)

      If people have to pay for their own health care,I think many problems may arise.The most serious one is that those poor people cannot enjoy health care because they are not able to afford the costs.如果人們必須自己支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,我認(rèn)為會(huì)有許多問(wèn)題。最嚴(yán)重的就是窮人將無(wú)法享受醫(yī)療,因?yàn)樗麄冐?fù)擔(dān)不起費(fèi)用。(2016/03/19,應(yīng)該全民免費(fèi)醫(yī)療嗎?)

      The money squandered on developing technology to find other life forms,for instance,should be used to help children who cannot afford to go to college and those who cannot enjoy decent medical services.比如,為了尋找其他生命形式而開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)浪費(fèi)的錢,應(yīng)該用來(lái)幫助那些上不起大學(xué)的孩子和那些不能享受體面醫(yī)療服務(wù)的人。(2018/12/1,應(yīng)該投資太空技術(shù)嗎?)

      Drug companies in the developed world are under the moral obligation to make their medicinal products available and affordable in me under-developed world so that the poorer people do not die unnecessarily.發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的制藥公司有道德上的義務(wù),使其藥品在欠發(fā)達(dá)的世界中買得到,也買得起,從而避免貧窮的人不必要地死去。(2019/8/10,醫(yī)藥公司的主要職責(zé)是掙錢,還是為貧窮國(guó)家研制新藥?)

      萬(wàn)能詞匯:primarily

      primarily來(lái)自primary,意思為“主要地,首先地”,相當(dāng)于mainly、initially等。比如:

      Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon.鋼是一種合金,主要由鐵和碳構(gòu)成。

      Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.觀察一下關(guān)于多樣性的爭(zhēng)論發(fā)生在何處是很有趣的,這些爭(zhēng)論主要發(fā)生在政治圈子里。

      以下句子摘自老雅高分范文。

      We all know different people have different shopping habits.Now thequestion is:are these differences in shopping habits caused primarily by the age difiefences of the shoppers?My personal answer to this question is a definite “yes”.我們都知道不同的人有不同的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣?,F(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是:導(dǎo)致購(gòu)物習(xí)慣不同的主要原因是購(gòu)物者的年齡差異嗎?我個(gè)人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題持肯定回答。(2016/4/13,購(gòu)物習(xí)慣取決于年齡嗎?)

      [與老雅繼續(xù)交流,請(qǐng)加微信公眾號(hào)ieltswriting4u(唐老雅英語(yǔ)寫作工作室)]

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