鄭曉佳 金麗紅 劉良紅 施趙維 方國美
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非內(nèi)分泌科;護(hù)士;糖尿病;認(rèn)知現(xiàn)狀;??婆嘤?xùn)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R97;R4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)16-0176-04
Investigation on the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses and the specialist training model
ZHENG Xiaojia1? ?JIN Lihong2? ?LIU Lianghong1? ?SHI Zhaowei1? ?FANG Guomei2
1.Department of Endocrinology,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui? ?323000,China;2.Department of Nursing,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui? ?323000,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate and understand the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses,and to explore the specialist training model so as to improve the nurses' diabetes knowledge awareness. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 100 non-endocrinology nurses who were employed in their positions by the medical alliance from January 2019 to June 2019 as the study subjects. The self-made diabetes knowledge questionnaire was used to conduct on-site surveys on nurses. The questionnaires were distributed and collected on site, and the results of the survey were analyzed statistically. The diabetes knowledge awareness of nurses at different years of ages,at different lengths of nursing practicing, and of different titles were analyzed. According to the random number table method,100 non-endocrinology nurses were randomly divided into two groups, namely a control group and an observation group. The control group was trained by the hospital′s endocrinology department for routine diabetes knowledge training. The observation group was trained on diabetes knowledge by professional internal trainers of diabetes in the hospital. The training results were compared between the two groups. Results The questionnaires of 100 non-endocrinology nurses were all effectively recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%. The awareness rates of 100 non-endocrinology nurses on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication care knowledge were 78.00%,73.00%,71.00%, 69.00%, 72.00%, 67.00% respectively; the awareness scores of nurses at different ages, at different lengths of nursing practices, and of different professional titles on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge, blood glucose monitoring knowledge,and complication care knowledge were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After training,the observation group′s awareness scores of basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication nursing knowledge were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The diabetes management ability score and self-efficacy score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Non-endocrinology nurses' awareness of diabetes knowledge is not optimistic, especially nurses with shorter nursing practices and lower level professional title. The hospital needs to strengthen the professional training of diabetes knowledge for non-endocrinology nurses to enhance their diabetes knowledge awareness and diabetes management capabilities.
[Key words] Non-endocrinology departments; Nurses; Diabetes; Status quo of knowledge awareness; Specialist training
糖尿病是一種以“高血糖”為特征的臨床常見病,屬于慢性代謝性疾病,其發(fā)病率高、并發(fā)癥多,嚴(yán)重危害到廣大居民的生命健康[1-2]。糖尿病患者多就診于內(nèi)分泌科室,也有部分非內(nèi)分泌科患者檢出糖尿病,然而,非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病的重視程度不足,其對(duì)糖尿病的理論知識(shí)和護(hù)理操作技能掌握不足,還有待提升[3-6]。本研究針對(duì)醫(yī)聯(lián)體100名非內(nèi)分泌科在崗護(hù)士進(jìn)行調(diào)查,以了解非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知現(xiàn)狀,并探討提高非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知的??婆嘤?xùn)模式,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
整群抽樣法選擇2019年1—6月醫(yī)聯(lián)體在職在崗的100名非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士作為研究對(duì)象,100名護(hù)士均為女性,年齡21~49歲,年齡≥40歲、<40歲分別有33例、67例,護(hù)齡≥10年、<10年分別有35例、65例,職稱分別為護(hù)士42例、護(hù)師37例、主管護(hù)師及以上21例。
依據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將100名非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組各50例。對(duì)照組年齡21~48歲,平均(36.74±9.18)歲,護(hù)齡≥10年、<10年分別有17例、33例,職稱分別為護(hù)士21例、護(hù)師19例、主管護(hù)師及以上10例。觀察組年齡23~49歲,平均(36.97±9.23)歲,護(hù)齡≥10年、<10年分別有18例、32例,職稱分別為護(hù)士21例、護(hù)師18例、主管護(hù)師及以上11例。兩組的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 調(diào)查方法? 采用自制的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知調(diào)查問卷對(duì)100名醫(yī)聯(lián)體非內(nèi)分泌??谱o(hù)士開展現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)放和回收調(diào)查問卷,統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查結(jié)果。調(diào)查問卷主要包括糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí),知曉則答“是”,反之答“否”[7-9]。
1.2.2 培訓(xùn)方法? ①對(duì)照組由醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科組織進(jìn)行糖尿病知識(shí)常規(guī)培訓(xùn),參考《中國2型糖尿病防治指南》進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),培訓(xùn)老師由內(nèi)分泌科省級(jí)糖尿病??谱o(hù)士擔(dān)任,每周培訓(xùn)1次,每次培訓(xùn)時(shí)間60 min,持續(xù)培訓(xùn)8次。②觀察組由醫(yī)院專業(yè)的糖尿病內(nèi)訓(xùn)師進(jìn)行糖尿病知識(shí)培訓(xùn),在非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士中選擇糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知良好、糖尿病管理能力好的高年資護(hù)師作為內(nèi)訓(xùn)師,由專業(yè)的內(nèi)分泌科專家、糖尿病??漆t(yī)生及護(hù)士長對(duì)內(nèi)訓(xùn)師進(jìn)行持續(xù)8周的培訓(xùn)(每周1次,每次持續(xù)90 min),對(duì)其進(jìn)行考核通過后,再由內(nèi)訓(xùn)師對(duì)本組護(hù)士進(jìn)行專業(yè)化的培訓(xùn),采取一對(duì)一帶教模式進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),每周培訓(xùn)1次,每次培訓(xùn)持續(xù)60 min,持續(xù)培訓(xùn)8次。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(1)統(tǒng)計(jì)非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病知識(shí)的知曉率。(2)比較不同年齡、不同護(hù)齡、不同職稱護(hù)士的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知度評(píng)分。(3)比較兩組的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知度評(píng)分、糖尿病管理能力評(píng)分、自我效能感評(píng)分。①糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知度評(píng)分采取百分制評(píng)估,總分為100分,得分與認(rèn)知度呈正比;②糖尿病管理能力評(píng)分采用糖尿病管理知識(shí)評(píng)定量表評(píng)估,量表總分為100分,得分與管理能力呈正比[10];③自我效能感評(píng)分采用一般自我效能感評(píng)分量表(GSES)評(píng)估,量表總分為0~40分,得分與自我效能感呈正比[11]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知情況分析
100名非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的調(diào)查問卷均有效回收,有效回收率達(dá)到100.00%。100名非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)及并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)的知曉率分別為78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%;不同年齡、不同護(hù)齡、不同職稱護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)的認(rèn)知度評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1~4。
表1? ?非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的糖尿病知識(shí)知曉率(n=100)
2.2 不同??婆嘤?xùn)模式后非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知度、糖尿病管理能力、自我效能感比較
培訓(xùn)前,兩組糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)等認(rèn)知度評(píng)分、糖尿病管理能力評(píng)分、自我效能感評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);培訓(xùn)后,觀察組的糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)等認(rèn)知度評(píng)分均較對(duì)照組更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組的糖尿病管理能力評(píng)分、自我效能感評(píng)分均較對(duì)照組更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表5~6。
3討論
糖尿病在臨床上較常見,是一種病程漫長的慢性疾病,糖尿病患者以中老年患者較為多見,臨床表現(xiàn)以血糖水平異常增高為主,患者發(fā)病后還往往伴隨有口渴、多尿、疲乏等癥狀,嚴(yán)重危害到患者的身心健康[12-14]。隨著近年來老齡人口的增多、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,糖尿病的發(fā)病率逐漸增高,糖尿病患病人數(shù)逐漸增加,由于該疾病屬于內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病,患者收治于內(nèi)分泌科病房,但在實(shí)際工作中,部分非內(nèi)分泌科住院患者同時(shí)存在糖尿病,非內(nèi)分泌科醫(yī)護(hù)人員應(yīng)對(duì)糖尿病予以充分重視[15-16]。
糖尿病??浦R(shí)是糖尿病??萍皟?nèi)分泌科護(hù)理人員需要掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),然而,部分非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士由于接觸的糖尿病患者少,在護(hù)理工作中對(duì)糖尿病護(hù)理的關(guān)注不足,缺乏充足的理論知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,實(shí)踐操作技能相對(duì)欠缺[17-19]。本研究對(duì)非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn),100名非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)及并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)的知曉率分別為78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%,不同年齡、不同護(hù)齡、不同職稱護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)的認(rèn)知度評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病專科知識(shí)的認(rèn)知不足,尚有待提高,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士的糖尿病??谱o(hù)理培訓(xùn)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,護(hù)士接受不同模式的糖尿病??谱o(hù)理培訓(xùn)后,觀察組的糖尿病基本知識(shí)、飲食知識(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)、用藥知識(shí)、血糖監(jiān)測(cè)知識(shí)、并發(fā)癥護(hù)理知識(shí)等認(rèn)知度評(píng)分均較對(duì)照組更高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),觀察組的糖尿病管理能力評(píng)分、自我效能感評(píng)分與對(duì)照組相比更高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示由非內(nèi)分泌科內(nèi)訓(xùn)師對(duì)非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士進(jìn)行糖尿病知識(shí)培訓(xùn),可提高培訓(xùn)效果,主要是因?yàn)閮?nèi)訓(xùn)師在接受培訓(xùn)的過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生期待效應(yīng),有利于增強(qiáng)內(nèi)訓(xùn)師的積極性,同時(shí),由于內(nèi)訓(xùn)師屬于非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士群體,能夠更好地了解非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)于糖尿病的態(tài)度及認(rèn)知情況,從而在內(nèi)訓(xùn)師對(duì)其他非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)時(shí)可采取更加合適的方式,確保參加培訓(xùn)的護(hù)士能夠更好地掌握糖尿病專科護(hù)理知識(shí)[20]。
綜上所述,非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士對(duì)糖尿病知識(shí)的認(rèn)知情況不容樂觀,尤其是低護(hù)齡、低職稱護(hù)士,醫(yī)院方面需加強(qiáng)對(duì)非內(nèi)分泌科護(hù)士進(jìn)行專業(yè)的糖尿病知識(shí)??婆嘤?xùn),以增強(qiáng)其糖尿病知識(shí)認(rèn)知度和糖尿病管理能力。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-02)