陳書婕 李廣梅
摘 要:鄉(xiāng)村振興首先是產(chǎn)業(yè)振興,而農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)的興旺發(fā)達離不開科技支撐。農(nóng)村專業(yè)技術協(xié)會(簡稱農(nóng)技協(xié))在我國農(nóng)技推廣中起著中介作用,為了提升基層農(nóng)技協(xié)的服務質(zhì)量和水平,更好地助力鄉(xiāng)村振興,該文以安徽省農(nóng)技協(xié)為調(diào)查對象進行了研究分析。結果表明,當前農(nóng)技協(xié)處在萎縮轉(zhuǎn)型期,組織形式基本完善,但大多名存實亡。在政策、市場、技術的推力和科技推廣、鄉(xiāng)村振興科技需求的拉力作用下,農(nóng)技協(xié)服務內(nèi)容應由單一技術服務轉(zhuǎn)向多元的產(chǎn)業(yè)促進,組織形態(tài)由單一轉(zhuǎn)向多元“農(nóng)技協(xié)+”,服務模式由單純的為農(nóng)戶個體服務向為農(nóng)戶個體和新型經(jīng)營主體服務,工作方式由實體空間向“實體空間+網(wǎng)絡空間”、技術經(jīng)濟服務與實體經(jīng)濟相結合提升組織形態(tài)。
關鍵詞:鄉(xiāng)村振興;農(nóng)技協(xié);轉(zhuǎn)型升級
中圖分類號 F323? 文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731(2021)19-00008-04
Research on the Transformation and Upgrading Path of Agricultural Technical Association under the Background of Rural Revitalization
CHEN Shujie et al.
(School of Economics and Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China)
Abstract: Industrial revitalization is the first of rural revitalization, and the prosperity of rural industries is inseparable from science and technology. Rural special technology associations (RSTA) is a social public welfare association voluntarily established by those who are engaged in agriculture, agricultural technology research, popularizing science, and technical experts, etc. It plays an effective intermediary role in agricultural and rural extension of agricultural technology in China. To make the technology play more effectively boost in the revitalization of the countryside, the paper based on the? field survey in Anhui province, pointed out that most of the rural special technology associations are in the trouble of low competitive power and management level and? needed transformation and upgrading urgently .With the further combining of field survey data, the paper used the econometric model to explore the important factors influencing the transformation and upgrading, and then put forward the route choice of the transformation and upgrading under the background of rural revitalization.
Key words: Rural revitalization; Rural special technology associations; Transformation and upgrading path
1 引言
農(nóng)村專業(yè)技術協(xié)會(簡稱農(nóng)技協(xié))是以科技傳遞為基礎,由農(nóng)民自愿結合、自主經(jīng)營的管理合作組織,接受科學技術協(xié)會(科協(xié))和民政部門的業(yè)務指導和監(jiān)督管理。不少學者認為,單純行政化的農(nóng)技推廣手段難以全面解決市場化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的技術需求[1],農(nóng)技協(xié)等農(nóng)村民間組織是農(nóng)村技術推廣和技術服務組織的有效補充[2],也是解決農(nóng)村地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)結構調(diào)整難、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品銷售難、農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣難等問題的重要抓手[3-4]。2007年《農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社法》實施后,政策的傾向性打破了合作社與其他合作組織并行發(fā)展的格局,農(nóng)技協(xié)雖在農(nóng)村技術服務和科學普及中適用范圍較合作社更為廣泛,但因缺乏明確的法律保障,其存在和發(fā)展比較困難。各地省級及以下層面農(nóng)技協(xié)的發(fā)展實證表明,自2007年底以來農(nóng)技協(xié)的數(shù)量增長十分有限,大多數(shù)農(nóng)技協(xié)會呈現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定的動態(tài)之中,正式的、運行良好的農(nóng)技協(xié)會并不多[5-6]。為了有效發(fā)揮農(nóng)技協(xié)科技、經(jīng)濟服務功能,2017年6月中國科協(xié)辦公廳印發(fā)了《中國科協(xié)關于促進農(nóng)村專業(yè)技術協(xié)會轉(zhuǎn)型升級的意見》。在鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略中,產(chǎn)業(yè)振興是前提,而農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展又離不開科技支撐,農(nóng)技協(xié)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級可以有效助力基層科普工作和鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略?,F(xiàn)有相關研究從經(jīng)驗上提煉出來的策略以及專家觀點居多,本研究在實地調(diào)研的基礎上,通過實證分析,探討基層農(nóng)技協(xié)的發(fā)展困境、轉(zhuǎn)型升級的動力、轉(zhuǎn)型升級的影響因素,并由此提出基層農(nóng)技協(xié)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的具體路徑,以期為農(nóng)技協(xié)轉(zhuǎn)型升級服務鄉(xiāng)村振興提供理論依據(jù)和參考。