郗忠喜
表語從句是指在復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)表語成分的從句,放在系動詞之后,屬于名詞性從句的一種。常見的引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞有that,how,who,when,where,why,whether,as等。
一、常見的可接表語從句的系動詞
常見的系動詞有be動詞,become,look,seem,appear,sound,feel,smell,get,remain等。這些系動詞之后可接句子作表語,即表語從句。比如:
It smells that apple has gone bad.
那個蘋果聞起來好像壞了。
The problem remains whether you wound help this little girl or not.
問題在于你是否愿意向這位小女孩伸出援手。
二、常見的引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞
1.連詞whether,as,though, as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句。比如:
It sounds as if your daughter is crying.
聽起來你的女兒在哭。
The difficulty remains whether I have enough time to do it.
困難就在于我是否有足夠的時間做這件事。
2.連詞because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。比如:
That is because he missed our dating.
那是因?yàn)樗e過了我們的約會。(thats because…通常強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因)
That is why I was so angry with him.
所以我才會那么生他的氣。(thats why…通常強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果)
注意:如果是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示結(jié)果,或者是當(dāng)名詞reason作主語時,后面表示原因的表語從句要用that引導(dǎo),不用because。比如:
What makes him feel very surprised is that she remember his birthday.
讓他感到非常驚訝的是她還記得他的生日。
The reason why I was disappointed was that you forgot our dating.
我失望的原因是你忘了我們的約會。
3.連接代詞what,which,whatever,whichever,who,whom,whoever,連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的表語從句。比如:
The question is how we arrive there.問題是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)那里。
What you did is not what I need most.你所做的并不是我最需要的。
4.連詞that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。比如:
Now the trouble is that I lost my pearl necklace you bought to me.
現(xiàn)在的問題是我把你買給我的珍珠項(xiàng)鏈弄丟了。注意:that和what引導(dǎo)表語從句的區(qū)別:
that引導(dǎo)表語從句,起到的是連接作用,不作任何成分,不能省略;what引導(dǎo)表語從句,在句子中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,不能省略。比如:
The problem is what I should do to correct my mistake.
問題是我該怎么做才能改正我的錯誤。(從句中do后面缺少賓語成分,用what)
The problem is that I dont know how to correct my mistake.
問題是我不知道如何改正我的錯誤。(從句不缺成分,是一個完整的句子)
三、虛擬語氣和表語從句的結(jié)合
在表勸告、命令或者建議等名詞之后的表語從句,謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”的形式,其中should可以省略,常見的名詞有suggestion,advice,proposal,plan,idea,order,demand等。比如:
Our plan is that we (should) gather at six oclock tomorrow morning.
我們的計(jì)劃是明天早上六點(diǎn)鐘集合。
總之,表語從句是高考的高頻考點(diǎn)。教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在日常的學(xué)習(xí)或復(fù)習(xí)備考中認(rèn)真識記相關(guān)知識點(diǎn),并結(jié)合高考真題進(jìn)行練習(xí),以熟練掌握。
(作者單位:山東省棗莊市第十八中學(xué))