婺劇，浙江文化金名片

夏斌婷 苗青

2022年新年戲曲晚會(huì)、央視虎年春晚、2022春節(jié)戲曲晚會(huì)、央視元宵戲曲晚會(huì)……春節(jié)期間，浙江婺劇藝術(shù)研究院（浙江婺劇團(tuán)）（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“浙婺”）頻頻亮相央視舞臺(tái)，精彩的演繹收獲贊聲一片，令人倍感驕傲。

2022年1月11日，婺劇領(lǐng)軍人物、二度中國(guó)戲劇梅花獎(jiǎng)獲得者陳美蘭獲評(píng)2021年度“最美浙江人 · 最美文旅人”;1月 25日，浙婺文武小生樓勝獲評(píng)“最美浙江人 · ?浙江驕傲”年度人物，是浙江藝術(shù)界本屆唯一獲評(píng)的“浙江驕傲”。而在2021年5月，樓勝更是斬獲第三十屆中國(guó)戲劇梅花獎(jiǎng)?lì)^魁。至此，婺劇演員已經(jīng)5次奪得中國(guó)戲劇表演藝術(shù)最高獎(jiǎng)——梅花獎(jiǎng)。矗立在燕尾洲上的中國(guó)婺劇院，是金華市區(qū)的建筑新地標(biāo)、文化新地標(biāo)。如今，婺劇不僅僅是金華也是浙江的一張文化金名片……

樓勝：我的今天，比夢(mèng)想還美

2021年，是樓勝豐收的一年。從杭州接受“最美浙江人 ·?浙江驕傲”年度人物頒獎(jiǎng)回到金華，站在中國(guó)婺劇院偌大的舞臺(tái)上，樓勝動(dòng)情地說：“22年前，我進(jìn)入武義縣第二職校婺劇班學(xué)戲，那時(shí)只是因?yàn)橄矚g婺劇，想當(dāng)一個(gè)婺劇演員。沒想到，一步步走來，我的今天，比夢(mèng)想還美?！?/p>

在樓勝眼里，他的成長(zhǎng)，最重要的是這樣關(guān)鍵的幾步。

2000年，他從職校畢業(yè)，成為浙江婺劇團(tuán)的一員。

2005年，他因遭遇變聲期嗓子倒倉，基本不能開口唱戲，想要改行做化妝師。浙婺院長(zhǎng)王曉平力排眾議，堅(jiān)持讓他進(jìn)《白蛇傳》劇組，嘗試扮演許仙。從此，練好嗓子、演好許仙，就成了他最大的目標(biāo)。

2012年，作為浙江省重點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)的“陳美蘭新劇目創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)”成立，樓勝成了這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的主力成員，在陳美蘭的帶領(lǐng)下，創(chuàng)排了一大批新劇目，他有了更多機(jī)會(huì)扮演各種角色，戲路越來越寬。

2015年，妻子楊霞云榮獲第27屆中國(guó)戲劇梅花獎(jiǎng)，王曉平院長(zhǎng)對(duì)他說：“樓勝，好好努力，下一個(gè)梅花獎(jiǎng)可能就是你！”樓勝說 ：“之前，我從來沒想過有一天自己能和中國(guó)戲劇最高表演獎(jiǎng)——梅花獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)系在一起，王院長(zhǎng)的這句話，讓我開始重新審視自己的能力，更加勤奮地練功、學(xué)習(xí)。無論成與不成，梅花獎(jiǎng)的目標(biāo)清晰地立在了面前?！?/p>

樓勝不僅獲得了梅花獎(jiǎng)，還以總票數(shù)第一，成就了浙江省時(shí)隔36年后再次奪得中國(guó)戲劇梅花獎(jiǎng)榜首的榮譽(yù)。

這次的“最美浙江人 · 浙江驕傲”年度人物評(píng)選，樓勝是10位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧弧?duì)樓勝而言，做夢(mèng)都沒想到會(huì)獲得這樣的榮譽(yù)。在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，他的話語里充滿了感恩：“中國(guó)戲曲無與倫比的美讓我一眼就入了迷。成為婺劇演員之后，我更看見了一代代婺劇前輩在為傳承婺劇鞠躬盡瘁。我深知自己的渺小，但我又非常幸運(yùn)能在浙江這塊文化沃土中茁壯成長(zhǎng)，在一個(gè)具有超強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)斗力和凝聚力的團(tuán)隊(duì)工作。我們團(tuán)隊(duì)以美蘭老師為首的婺劇前輩為我們這些青年演員的成長(zhǎng)付出了太多、犧牲了太多，他們甘做婺劇道路上的鋪路石。我想，我們把戲演好的同時(shí)，更要傳承好老師身上的精神和品格，肩負(fù)起我們的責(zé)任和使命，讓婺劇真正代代相傳?！?/p>

在樓勝看來，此次他不是以個(gè)人，而是代表浙婺團(tuán)隊(duì)去領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)，“我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)，才是浙江驕傲，甚至是中國(guó)驕傲！”

陳美蘭：婺劇，成了生活的全部

出生于1964年的陳美蘭是國(guó)家一級(jí)演員、二度文華獎(jiǎng)獲得者、國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目——婺劇代表性傳承人。作為婺劇領(lǐng)軍人物，她所獲榮譽(yù)不勝枚舉。

在她的帶領(lǐng)和全團(tuán)的共同努力下，劇團(tuán)被授予“全國(guó)服務(wù)農(nóng)民服務(wù)基層文化工作先進(jìn)集體”“全國(guó)文化工作先進(jìn)集體”“全國(guó)文明單位”和首批“全國(guó)文化和旅游系統(tǒng)先進(jìn)集體”等稱號(hào)，入選全國(guó)地方戲創(chuàng)作演出重點(diǎn)院團(tuán)。2012年，陳美蘭領(lǐng)銜的新劇目創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)被命名為“浙江省重點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)”。

每次談及婺劇如今的成績(jī)，她說得最多的都是“傳承”二字，“婺劇的成功，不是一步登天，而是眾人拾柴、聚沙成塔，靠的是一代代婺劇人的不懈努力”。

為此，她付出很多。從藝41年的她，把大部分青春時(shí)光留給了舞臺(tái)，英姿勃發(fā)的巾幗英雄穆桂英、愛憎分明的西域昆侖女、深明大義的才女柳彥卿、嫉惡如仇的小青、一代女皇武則天，她塑造的角色一個(gè)個(gè)膾炙人口;而在自己人氣最旺的時(shí)候，她甘愿退居二線引薦新人，培養(yǎng)了楊霞云、巫文玲、陳麗俐以及樓勝、李烜宇等一批婺劇青年人才。

這應(yīng)該是了解婺劇的人都熟知的陳美蘭故事，這里就說說生活中的小事吧。

1997年，陳美蘭的兒子出生了，那年她34歲。為了早日回歸舞臺(tái)，她在兒子5個(gè)月時(shí)就斷了奶?！爱?dāng)時(shí)，團(tuán)里有一個(gè)到香港演出的任務(wù)，需要我演《白蛇傳》中的小青。”陳美蘭說，從小在部隊(duì)大院長(zhǎng)大的她，總不自覺地像軍人一樣要求自己，會(huì)把劇團(tuán)的需要放在最前面。因?yàn)榻?jīng)常輾轉(zhuǎn)各地演出，斷奶后的兒子就一直由他外婆照料，自己鮮有時(shí)間陪伴，兒子對(duì)外婆的感情遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了她這個(gè)媽媽?！坝浀靡郧暗哪赣H節(jié)，我母親都能收到我兒子的禮物，我卻沒有?！闭f到這，陳美蘭不禁眼眶泛紅：“有所得就要有付出，事業(yè)和家庭是很難達(dá)到平衡的?！?/p>

樓勝和楊霞云亦是如此。在劇團(tuán)，他們的“拼”也是出了名的。對(duì)兩人來說，一年200天外出演出不算多，他倆雖然從不抱怨這樣的生活苦，卻也因?qū)︽膭〉臒釔塾X得愧對(duì)女兒。

每次外出巡演的大巴車上，劇場(chǎng)排練或演出后的化妝間……大家不時(shí)會(huì)看到他們和女兒視頻聊天的畫面。“演出結(jié)束常常是晚上10點(diǎn)以后了，但我們總想著和孩子多見見、說說話，于是視頻成了最好的方式。這不，如今孩子的生活作息都被我們影響了，總是很晚才睡?！庇腥丝吹竭@，可能會(huì)說，演出回家不就能見了。其實(shí)不然。為了不讓孩子影響他們?cè)诮鹑A的排練和演出，夫妻倆回金前常會(huì)安排父母把女兒帶回武義老家照顧?！拔乙蜓莩鰶]陪霞云去醫(yī)院生產(chǎn)，錯(cuò)過了女兒的出生。女兒如今三歲了，我也從沒獨(dú)自帶她睡過一個(gè)晚上?！睒莿僭捳Z中滿是歉疚。

正如陳美蘭所說：“我原先是想把婺劇當(dāng)作生活中的一抹色彩，沒想到走著走著，婺劇卻成了我生活的全部?！?/p>

每次獲獎(jiǎng)，都是一個(gè)新的起點(diǎn)

作為婺劇新生代演員，樓勝贏得了國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多戲迷的喜愛，很多年輕觀眾就像追影視明星一樣追樓勝。就像“最美浙江人 · ?浙江驕傲”評(píng)委會(huì)的頒獎(jiǎng)詞所贊美的：“翎子一抖，身聚一團(tuán)火;啼腔乍亮，聲動(dòng)萬頃波;弄舟千回，終系婺江勝景;尋梅幾度，始入少年襟懷;但見樓臺(tái)翻古曲，且嘆梨園立新松?！比欢瑯莿賹?duì)自己的獲獎(jiǎng)卻有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)。他說，對(duì)于演員來說，拿到榮譽(yù)并不是登頂，而是要推動(dòng)你繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。“榮譽(yù)是對(duì)我們既往成績(jī)的肯定，而此后觀眾對(duì)你的要求會(huì)更高，會(huì)有更多的期待。以前演出是輕裝上陣，沒有那么多的心理負(fù)擔(dān)，現(xiàn)在更像是負(fù)重前行，因?yàn)榧缟系呢?zé)任和使命更重了?！?/p>

陳美蘭對(duì)樓勝等年輕一代婺劇人、對(duì)婺劇充滿信心。她說，相信樓勝會(huì)再接再厲，也相信婺劇舞臺(tái)上會(huì)涌現(xiàn)更多的樓勝，讓婺劇薪火相傳，長(zhǎng)盛不衰。

婺劇是浙江的第二大劇種、國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，俗稱“金華戲”，是高腔、昆腔、亂彈、徽戲、灘簧、時(shí)調(diào)六種聲腔的合班，其歷史可以追溯到500年前的明朝中葉。京劇大師梅蘭芳曾說：“京劇的前身是徽戲。京劇要尋找自己的祖宗，看來還要到婺劇徽戲中去找?！?/p>

婺劇，這個(gè)來自民間的地方戲曲劇種，正展現(xiàn)出無與倫比的自信之美。近年來，浙婺依托省市兩級(jí)對(duì)婺劇的保護(hù)扶持政策，不斷優(yōu)化體制機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)院團(tuán)活力，出人出戲出效益，一步步從300多個(gè)地方戲曲劇種中脫穎而出，成為全國(guó)地方戲院團(tuán)的排頭兵。

截至目前，浙婺已20多次登上央視春晚、新年戲曲晚會(huì)、中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院春節(jié)團(tuán)拜會(huì)、亞洲文化嘉年華、慶祝建黨百年文藝演出《偉大征程》等重大文藝演出的舞臺(tái)，其演出足跡遍及中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)大部分省區(qū)市，以及49個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，每年演出達(dá)500多場(chǎng)，深受觀眾喜愛，形成了享譽(yù)戲劇界的“浙婺現(xiàn)象”，讓更多人感受到婺劇這一古老劇種的魅力。

2020年5月，婺劇入選首批“浙江文化印記”。

2021年9月，中國(guó)劇協(xié)號(hào)召全國(guó)戲劇界向浙婺學(xué)習(xí)。

2021年12月，浙婺榮獲首批“全國(guó)文化和旅游系統(tǒng)先進(jìn)集體”稱號(hào)，這已是浙婺第6次榮獲全國(guó)性先進(jìn)集體榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)。

2022年1月，《國(guó)有文藝院團(tuán)改革的浙婺樣本》入選浙江省宣傳思想文化工作創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目名單，位列榜首。

Wuju Opera Artists： Pride of Zhejiang

By Xia Binting ?Miao Qing

During the Chinese New Year， Zhejiang Wuju Opera Art Research Institute （Zhejiang Wuju Opera Troupe） proudly presented their works for various galas on CCTV （China Central Television） channels， and were warmly applauded. This troupe also boasts of an impressive award-winning record， including the Pride of Zhejiang， China Theater Plum Blossom Award， and so on. The China Wuju Opera Theater located at the Yanweizhou Road has become the new cultural landmark in Jinhua and beyond — nowadays， Wuju opera has become a cultural golden card for Zhejiang.

For Lou Sheng， the year 2021 is quite fruitful. After attending the award ceremony and receiving his honorary title the “Most Beautiful People in Zhejiang — Pride of Zhejiang” in Hangzhou， he went back to Jinhua. “About 22 years ago， I began to learn Wuju opera at the No.2 Vocational School in Wuyi county out of pure love and dreamed that I could become a Wuju opera artist one day. I never would have imagined that my real-life achievements today are better than my dream，” standing on the spacious stage of the China Wuju Opera Theater， Lou was getting quite emotional.

In the eyes of Lou， a few critical steps have marked his growth. In 2000， he graduated from a vocational school and became a member of the Zhejiang Wuju Troupe.

In 2005， he lost his voice and in frustration he decided to become a makeup artist instead. But Wang Xiaoping， director of the China Wuju Opera Theater， insisted against all the dissenting views that Lou join the cast of the White Snake Legend and play the leading role as Xu Xian， for which Lou practiced in earnest to make himself qualified.

In 2012， Lou became a major member of Chen Meilan’s playwriting team， a provincial key innovation team. Under Chen’s guidance， he created and rehearsed a large number of new plays， and used such opportunities to try different roles.

In 2015， Lou’s wife Yang Xiayun won the 27th China Theater Plum Blossom Award， the top performance award for Chinese operas， and he was then encouraged by Director Wang to work hard and win the title next year. “I’ve never thought I could be associated with the top award. Director Wang’s words have pushed me to rethink my capabilities and to practice harder towards a clear goal of winning back a Plum， regardless of the result.”

And he won， not only the award but the first place in total votes， a long-awaited honor for Zhejiang since it embraced an indigenous laureate 36 years ago.

This time， Lou Sheng was selected into the top 10 “Most Beautiful People in Zhejiang— Pride of Zhejiang”. At the award ceremony， he said with full gratitude： “Chinese opera is so beautiful that I fell love with it at the first sight. After becoming a Wuju opera actor， I have seen generations of predecessors toiling for the inheritance of the opera. Insignificant as I am， I know I am lucky enough to have been living here in Zhejiang， a land of rich culture， and working closely with a group of hardworking people.”

“The predecessors in our team， led by Ms Chen Meilan， have made huge sacrifices for the growth of us young actors， and paved the way for the development of Wuju opera. For us， we should not only put on high-quality performances but also inherit our teachers’ spirit and characters， and make it our own mission to pass on Wuju opera from generation to generation，” Lou added.

From Lou’s point of view， this award was not given to himself as an individual， but to his team as whole. “It is our team that has made our province or even our country proud！”

Born in 1964， Chen Meilan is a nationally recognized artist， a two-time Wenhua Award winner， and an iconic inheritor of the Wuju opera. She led the whole troupe to numerous significant awards and titles — in 2012， her playwriting team was appointed by the Zhejiang government as a provincial key innovation team.

When talking about the achievements of Wuju opera， she always accentuates the word “inheritance”. “The success of Wuju opera has not been achieved by giant leaps， rather it has been accumulated by the strenuous effort of the Wuju opera performers for generations.”

To that she has been devoting herself. It is widely known that as an active performer with 47-year experience in the industry， she left the best of her youth on the stage， and took a back seat in her prime for the young talents to enjoy the spotlight.

However， people may not be familiar with how she and other performers like Lou and Yang sacrificed their family life for their careers， for which they have never complained. On the other hand， they could not stop feeling “guilty” towards their families， especially their kids.

As Chen said， “Originally I just wanted to take on Wuju opera and add another touch of color to my life， but I didn’t expect that it became my whole life.”

As a new-generation performer， Lou has won the heart of enthusiastic fans from across the globe， and highly praised by professionals. But he was not overwhelmed by the acknowledgments he received. “Honors are for our past glory. They will push us forward and make the audience expect more. Now， we must carry the responsibilities on our shoulders and proceed with a mission.”

Chen has full confidence in the younger generation of Wuju opera talents like Lou， and she believes there will be more of them to carry on spreading the beauty and charm of Wuju opera for years and years to come.

Wuju opera， a national intangible cultural heritage， is the second largest opera genre in Zhejiang. Commonly known as Jinhua theater， it is the combination of six famous vocal tunes — the high-pitched tune， the Kunqu opera tune， the Luantan （literally “random pluck”） tune， the Huiju opera tune， the Tanhuang （a local folk opera art） tune and the Shidiao （popular local ditties） tune. Its history can be traced back to 500 years ago in the middle of the Ming dynasty （1368-1644）. Mei Lanfang， master of Peking opera， once praised Wuju opera as “the genuine Huiju opera and the father of Peking opera”.