立體主義繪畫的先驅(qū)

李全忠

喬治·布拉克，法國立體主義畫家與雕塑家，深刻影響著20世紀(jì)西方現(xiàn)代派藝術(shù)。布拉克在20世紀(jì)初遇到了對他的藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響的畢加索，這兩位偉大畫家的協(xié)作史也是立體主義的早期發(fā)展史。

1 Georges Braque was a French artist best known for his cubist （立體派的） paintings. He worked closely with Pablo Picasso as they broke down traditional rules of the use of perspective in painting.

2 Growing up in the port city of Le Havre， France， young Georges Braque was trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and grandfather.

3 In the period between 1909 and 1912， Georges Braque began to work with Picasso as they both developed a new style. They focused on starting a revolution in painting in a style now known as analytic cubism. Before that， paintings were like windows—they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were “close” to you and which objects were “far away”. But Braque and Picasso didn t want to paint like that anymore. To them， a painting wasn t a window to the world; it was a mark and line on a flat surface. Why， they thought， should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle（角度）？ A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism.

4 But why did they feel such a need to change things？ Well， the world around them was changing， too. Science was turning people s ideas upside down. Albert Einstein s theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.

5 Braque painted ordinary objects like flowers and garden chairs. He created his final series of eight works between 1948 and 1955.

6 While his painting ranged across multiple styles during his lifetime， Georges Braque was primarily remembered for his cubist work. His focus on still life and landscapes influenced later artists who returned to the traditional subject matter. Braque s most distinctive legacy is his development of collage（拼貼畫） techniques involving cut paper that he focused on for only a few short years of his career.

7 At the time Georges Braque died in 1963， many considered him one of the fathers of modern art.

Gist 1. What is mainly discussed about Braque in the text？

A. The high price of his paintings.

B. The popularity of his paintings.

C. His difficulties in his career.

D. His achievements in art.

Inference 2. In what way did Braque and Picasso paint？

A. They painted objects with different depths.

B. They made their paintings look like windows.

C. They painted an object from different angles.

D. They broke objects up into pieces and painted them.

Detail 3. What caused Braque and Picasso to start cubism？

A. Einstein s theory.

B. The changing world.

C. A broken guitar.

D. Their interest.

Inference 4. How does the author develop the text？

A. By adopting time order.

B. By following space order.

C. By describing real scenes.

D. By comparing different reasons.

Ⅰ. Discover useful structures in the text

1. what引導(dǎo)主語從句

Albert Einstein s theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的理論證明了我們對時(shí)間和空間的認(rèn)識是錯(cuò)誤的。

2. while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

While his painting ranged across multiple styles during his lifetime， Georges Braque was primarily remembered for his cubist work. 雖然他的畫作在他的一生中跨越了多種風(fēng)格，但喬治·布拉克主要因其立體主義作品而被人們銘記。

Ⅱ. Memorize some theme？鄄centered chunks

be known for 以……而聞名

break down 出故障;破裂;消除

focus on 集中于

as if 好像

depend on 依靠;依賴

upside down 顛倒;倒轉(zhuǎn);翻轉(zhuǎn)