沈雪梅
There be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為:There be+主語+地點狀語,表示某地(某處)有(存在)某人或某物。There be句型中的there是句子的引導(dǎo)詞,不作任何句子成分,也不用翻譯出;當be動詞是is或was形式時,其主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者是不可數(shù)名詞,當be動詞是are或were形式時,其主語是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
考點1:be動詞的人稱和數(shù)
There be句型中的主語為人或物時,be動詞與人或物的人稱和數(shù)保持一致;當主語是由多個主語并列在一起構(gòu)成時,be動詞適用“就近一致”原則,即be動詞應(yīng)與離其最近的主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
例1:There is a teacher, 30 students and many books in our classroom.
解析:a teacher,30 students,many books 是主語,在句子中與be動詞最接近的是a teacher,故be動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與a teacher的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
例2:In any case, there are still many problems to pay attention to, such as how to maintain good order and how to satisfy more people.
解析:many problems離be動詞最近,古攵be動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
考點2:There be句型中的動詞
在這個句型中動詞除了可以用be動詞外,還可以用某些不及物動詞作為句子的謂語動詞。比如,可用stand,lie,remain,live等表存在狀態(tài)的不及物動詞;可用come,rise,follow,arrive, appear 等描述某人或某物運動、到達或某事發(fā)生等的不及物動詞。結(jié)構(gòu)為:There lie/remain...+主語+地點狀語。
例3:In a picture on the left there________(stand/stands)apple trees full of fruit on both sides of the road.
解析:stand。根據(jù)謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)適用“就近一致”原則可知,stand的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與trees保持一致,古攵本空填stand。
考點3:情態(tài)動詞在該句型中的應(yīng)用
此句型中的謂語動詞可以是“情態(tài)動詞+動詞”形式構(gòu)成,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有There must be...意為“肯定有……”;There can't be...意為“不可能有……”;There should be/ought to...意為“應(yīng)該有……”;There might/may be...意為“可能有……”;There must have been...意為“一定已經(jīng)有過……”;There may have been...意為“可能已經(jīng)有過……”;There used to be...意為“曾經(jīng)有……”等。
例4:Thomson studies so hard, there ________(must/can't) be an unknown reason to inspire him.
解析:must。根據(jù)前后句的意思及存在的邏輯關(guān)系,可知本空應(yīng)填must,表示“肯定”的意思。
考點4:There be句型中的時態(tài)
There be句型中可以有多種時態(tài),比如有There is (are)...;There was(were)...;There had been...;There has (have)been...;There be going to/will be...;There+過去時...等。
例5:There ________(happen/happened) to be Tom's parents and his mother's uncle in the milk tea shop yesterday.
解析:happened。根據(jù)句子中的時間狀語yesterday可知本空應(yīng)填一般過去式。
考點5:There is+no+名詞+(in)doing/to do結(jié)構(gòu)
常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有There is no good/sense/use/point/harm/+(in)doing sth.意為“做……沒有好處/毫無道理/毫無用處/沒有意義/沒有壞處;There is no need to do sth.意為“沒必要做某事”。
例6:Old Jack is a very stubborn man, there is no use reasoning with him.
解析:逗號后面的句子應(yīng)用了there is+no+名詞+(in)doing/to do結(jié)構(gòu)。
There be句型是高中生必須要掌握的重要語法結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,教師引導(dǎo)高中生熟練掌握There be句型的用法是非常重要的。