摘 要 目的:觀(guān)察尼可地爾聯(lián)合冠心寧注射液對(duì)冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者心絞痛發(fā)作情況的影響。方法:納入2020年1月—2021年12月江西省遂川縣中醫(yī)院接收的冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者62例。采取隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組,兩組各31例。所有患者接受降壓、調(diào)脂、血管擴(kuò)張和抗血小板等基礎(chǔ)治療。對(duì)照組給予尼可地爾治療,3次/d,5 mg/次;觀(guān)察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上靜脈滴注20 mL冠心寧注射液治療,1次/d。兩組均治療1個(gè)月。觀(guān)察療效、心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)、持續(xù)時(shí)間及心功能指標(biāo)左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDd)、左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVEDs)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejectfraction,LVEF)、心臟指數(shù)(cardiac index,CI)。結(jié)果:觀(guān)察組治療總有效率為93.55%(29/31),高于對(duì)照組的64.52%(20/31,P<0.05)。干預(yù)后,觀(guān)察組心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)少于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),持續(xù)時(shí)間短于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組干預(yù)后LVEDd、LVEDs均低于干預(yù)前(P<0.05),LVEF、CI則高于干預(yù)前(P<0.05);且觀(guān)察組LVEDd、LVEDs低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),LVEF、CI則高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:尼可地爾聯(lián)合冠心寧注射液治療冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛,可以減少患者心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù),縮短發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間,改善心功能指標(biāo),提高療效。
關(guān)鍵詞 冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛;心絞痛;尼可地爾;冠心寧注射液;發(fā)作;影響
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R54 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2023)08-0024-03
引用本文 肖存志. 尼可地爾聯(lián)合冠心寧注射液對(duì)冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者心絞痛發(fā)作情況的影響[J]. 上海醫(yī)藥, 2023, 44(8): 24-26; 53.
Influence of nicorandil combined with Guanxinning injection on angina attack in patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease
XIAO Cunzhi
(Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Suichuan County, Jian, Jiangxi 343900, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the influence of nicorandil combined with Guanxinning injection on angina attack in patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 62 patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Suichuan County, Jiangxi were selected. Randomized number table was used to divide the patients into two groups with 31 patients in each group. All the patients were treated with the basic treatment of hypotension, lipid-regulating, vasodilation and antiplatelet etc. The control group was given nicorandil treatment, 3 times/day, 5 mg/time; the observation group was treated with Guanxinning injection, 1 time/d. Both groups were treated for one month. The curative effect, the number of angina attacks, the duration, and the cardiac function indexes of left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVEDs) , left ventricular ejectfraction(LVEF) and cardiac index(CI) were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.55%(29/31) which was higher than that in the control group, 64.52%(20/31, P<0.05). After intervention the number of angina attacks in the observation group was less than that before the intervention and in the control group, and the duration was shorter than that before the intervention and in the control group(P<0.05). LVEDd, and LVEDs were lower than those before the intervention in both groups, and LVEF and CI were higher than those before intervention; LVEDd and LVEDs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), and LVEF and CI were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05); Conclusion: Nicorandil combined with Guanxinning injection in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease can reduce the number of angina attacks, shorten the duration of the attack, improve cardiac function indicators, and improve the curative effect of patients.
KEY WORDS unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease; angina pectoris; nicorandil; Guanxinning injection; attack; influence
冠心病是心肌缺氧缺血性疾病,會(huì)使患者出現(xiàn)胸痛、氣短、氣促等癥狀。尤其是不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,癥狀較嚴(yán)重,發(fā)病機(jī)制和穩(wěn)定型心絞痛有明顯差異[1-3]。冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者需要接受積極治療,避免發(fā)生急性心肌梗死等后果危及生命[4-5]。臨床上治療原則主要是強(qiáng)化粥樣硬化斑塊的穩(wěn)定性,治療以降糖、降脂為主[6]。本院結(jié)合以往經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)患者采取尼可地爾聯(lián)合冠心寧注射液進(jìn)行治療,效果較好。匯報(bào)如下。
1資料與方法
1 . 1一般資料
收集2020年1月—2021年12月江西省遂川縣中醫(yī)院接收的62例符合正態(tài)分布的冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,均符合相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7],且患者每次胸痛持續(xù)發(fā)作時(shí)間均低于30 min,經(jīng)常規(guī)抗心肌缺血藥物治療后依然會(huì)反復(fù)發(fā)作。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分成兩組,每組各31例。觀(guān)察組中男性12例,女性19例,年齡為56~78歲,平均(65.79±6.99)歲;NYHA心功能分級(jí):Ⅱ級(jí)13例,Ⅲ級(jí)18例;基礎(chǔ)疾?。禾悄虿?7例,高血壓14例。對(duì)照組中男性11例,女性20例,年齡為57~79歲,平均(66.79±7.24)歲;NYHA心功能分級(jí):Ⅱ級(jí)12例,Ⅲ級(jí)19例;基礎(chǔ)疾?。禾悄虿?6例,高血壓15例。兩組上述基本資料間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。所有患者簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除肝腎功能異常者、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者、血液系統(tǒng)疾病者、過(guò)敏情況者、難以配合完成本研究者。
1 . 2方法
按照心絞痛的規(guī)范治療原則[7],所有患者均接受降壓、調(diào)脂、血管擴(kuò)張和抗血小板等基礎(chǔ)治療。對(duì)照組給予尼可地爾(西安漢豐藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司)治療,3次/d,5 mg/次,14 d為1療程。觀(guān)察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,采取冠心寧注射液(神威藥業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司)治療:冠心寧注射液20 mL+5%葡萄糖250 mL,靜脈注射,1次/d, 14 d為1療程。兩組均治療1~2療程。
1 . 3觀(guān)察指標(biāo)
觀(guān)察療效、心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)、持續(xù)時(shí)間、心功能指標(biāo)。
心功能指標(biāo)包括左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDd)、左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVEDs)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejectfraction,LVEF)和心臟指數(shù)(cardiac index,CI)。
療效評(píng)價(jià)[8]:分為顯效(患者心絞痛癥狀消失,心電圖恢復(fù)正常)、有效(患者心絞痛分級(jí)改善,心電圖改善,但都沒(méi)有達(dá)到正常水平)、無(wú)效(患者臨床癥狀無(wú)改善甚至加重)。總有效率=(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))÷總例數(shù)×100%。
1 . 4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
數(shù)據(jù)處理使用SPSS 22.0軟件,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)表示為均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)表示為百分比,行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2 . 1兩組療效對(duì)比
觀(guān)察組治療總有效率為93.55%(29/31),高于對(duì)照組的64.52%(20/31,P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2 . 2兩組心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)、持續(xù)時(shí)間對(duì)比
觀(guān)察組心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組和干預(yù)前,持續(xù)時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組和干預(yù)前,數(shù)據(jù)間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2 . 3兩組心功能指標(biāo)對(duì)比
干預(yù)前,兩組間LVEDd、LVEDs、LVEF、CI差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,兩組LVEDd、LVEDs均低于干預(yù)前(P<0.05),而LVEF、CI則高于干預(yù)前(P<0.05);且觀(guān)察組LVEDd、LVEDs低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),LVEF、CI則高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
3討論
隨著人們飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、生活結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的發(fā)生率明顯增加[9-10]。該病癥發(fā)作后,需要積極控制,避免發(fā)生急性心肌梗死等情況[11]。而且患者疼痛較明顯,病癥發(fā)作頻率較高,每次發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),患者生活質(zhì)量受影響[12]。臨床上采用調(diào)脂、降壓、擴(kuò)張血管等治療,以改善患者臨床癥狀[13]。盡管有一定療效,但遠(yuǎn)期控制效果較差。因此,采取積極的治療措施,進(jìn)一步提高患者預(yù)后,具有重要意義。
中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛屬于“胸痹”“心痛”范疇,發(fā)病機(jī)制為心血瘀阻。中藥中多種成分的協(xié)同作用能較好地治療冠心病。冠心寧注射液是用于治療冠心病、心絞痛的中成藥,其主要成分為丹參、川芎嗪[14]。丹參能夠清除氧自由基,有效逆轉(zhuǎn)心肌細(xì)胞缺血造成的左心室重塑,有較好的活血化瘀、利氣、止痛功效,可以治療肝郁氣滯病癥,對(duì)于改善機(jī)體心前區(qū)氣悶、疼痛、心絞痛、血瘀等癥狀有著較好的效果[15]。川穹嗪能夠擴(kuò)張冠狀動(dòng)脈,改善心肌細(xì)胞血液循環(huán),具有抗凝、抗血小板功能,可以降低心肌負(fù)荷、減少缺血再灌注損傷。尼可地爾能夠舒張動(dòng)靜脈血管,開(kāi)放ATP敏感鉀離子通道,從而降低心臟負(fù)荷,達(dá)到改善心輸血量以及機(jī)體心功能的效果,是治療冠心病的常用藥物,但單一用藥效果有限[16]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,觀(guān)察組的治療總有效率更高,患者心功能指標(biāo)恢復(fù)較好、癥狀得到更好改善,提示尼可地爾與冠心寧注射液聯(lián)用治療冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛時(shí)具有協(xié)同作用。
總之,對(duì)冠心病不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,通過(guò)尼可地爾聯(lián)合冠心寧注射液,效果比較滿(mǎn)意,可以提高療效,減少患者心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù),縮短持續(xù)時(shí)間,改善心功能指標(biāo),有一定的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本研究樣本量較小,還需更多的研究進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
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