七八月份的內(nèi)蒙古大草原，天空湛藍(lán)，白云朵朵，鮮花和綠草沉醉在浪漫交融中。每年這時(shí)，成千上萬的蒙古族牧民，無論男女老少，都會(huì)穿上節(jié)日盛裝，齊聚在綠草如茵的廣袤草原上。平日寧靜的草原此時(shí)彩旗飄揚(yáng)，人流如潮，馬兒嘶鳴，牛羊歡唱，蒙古族一年一度的盛大節(jié)日——“那達(dá)慕”如期而至。

During the months of July and August， amidst the expansive grasslands of InnerMongolia， blooming flowers and verdant grass smell of romance under the deep blue skiesadorned with wisps of white clouds. At this time of year， tens of thousands of Mongolianherders， young and old， men and women， all dressed up in festive attire， gather on the lushgreen grasslands， filling this usually tranquil piece of land with fluttering flags， bustlingcrowds， neighing horses， and the joyful calls of cattle and sheep， as the annual grand festivalof the Mongolian people， Naadam， arrives as expected.

那達(dá)慕的由來

The Origin of Naadam

“那達(dá)慕”是蒙古語的音譯，意為“娛樂”和“游戲”。那達(dá)慕的起源可以追溯至遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代。生活在蒙古高原的北方民族在掌握了與野獸格斗的本領(lǐng)之后，又學(xué)會(huì)了騎射這種狩獵方式。為了慶祝豐收、祭祀神靈和選拔勇士，古代匈奴人會(huì)在夏、秋季節(jié)舉辦各種形式的娛樂、游戲和慶典活動(dòng)，這就是那達(dá)慕最初的雛形。

Naadam is a transliteration of the Mogolian word，meaning “entertainment” and “game”. The origin ofNaadam dates back to ancient times. The northernethnic groups living on the Mongolian Plateau， aftermastering the skills to fight wild beasts， also developedhorseback archery as a hunting method. To celebratethe harvest， honor deities， and select brave warriors，the ancient Xiongnu people would hold various formsof entertainments， games， and celebrations in summerand fall， forming the earliest prototype of Naadam.

隨著時(shí)間的推移，那達(dá)慕逐漸成為蒙古族一種重要的生活習(xí)俗和社會(huì)活動(dòng)。后來，那達(dá)慕不僅在蒙古族內(nèi)部廣泛傳播，還吸引了周邊其他民族積極參與，逐漸發(fā)展成為內(nèi)蒙古乃至全國范圍內(nèi)最具影響力的民族傳統(tǒng)體育賽事之一。

Over time， Naadam gradually became animportant life custom and social activity for theMongolian people. It eventually spread widely amongthem and attracted enthusiastic participation fromneighboring ethnic groups， becoming one of themost influential traditional sports events in InnerMongolia and across the country.

男兒三藝

The Three Manly Arts

那達(dá)慕盛會(huì)通常設(shè)在開闊的草地上，活動(dòng)內(nèi)容豐富多樣，其中賽馬、射箭和摔跤三個(gè)項(xiàng)目是核心內(nèi)容。在蒙古文化中，這“三藝”是每個(gè)蒙古族男兒必須掌握的技能，不僅體現(xiàn)其生存能力，更彰顯其陽剛之氣。

The Naadam festival is usually held on opengrasslands， and features a diverse range of activities，with horse racing， archery， and wrestling as its corecomponents. In Mongolian culture， these “three arts”are skills that every Mongolian man must master，embodying not only their survival abilities but alsotheir masculine spirit.

傳統(tǒng)的蒙古人大都過著逐水草而居的游牧生活，其日常生活中的狩獵放牧、商貿(mào)交流都離不開馬，所以從小就練習(xí)馬術(shù)，并將精湛的馭馬之術(shù)視為每一個(gè)蒙古人特別是蒙古族男性的生存之本。漸漸地，賽馬便演變?yōu)橐环N民族體育和娛樂項(xiàng)目。賽馬比賽驚險(xiǎn)刺激，需要騎手在疾馳的駿馬背上靈活調(diào)整姿勢，完成高難度動(dòng)作，十分考驗(yàn)騎手的技術(shù)和反應(yīng)能力。這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了蒙古人勇于拼搏和熱愛自由的精神。

Traditional Mongolians mostly lead a nomadiclife， moving seasonally in search of water sourcesand fresh pastures， thus hunting， herding， andtrade are closely tied to horses. For this reason， theystart practicing horsemanship from a young ageand regard the exquisite skill of horse riding as thefoundation of survival， especially for men. Gradually，horse racing has evolved into a national sport andentertainment event. The competition is thrillingand requires riders to flexibly adjust their posture onthe back of galloping horses and perform complexmaneuvers， which tests their technique and reflexes.This sport embodies the Mongolian spirit of braveryand love for freedom.

射箭比賽分為站立射箭、騎馬射箭和長距離射箭三種。早期的蒙古人為了避免野獸的襲擊，推崇長距離射箭，后來發(fā)展出精湛的騎馬射箭之術(shù)。射箭不僅是一項(xiàng)考驗(yàn)射手臂力、視力和技巧的運(yùn)動(dòng)，更是蒙古民族崇尚武術(shù)精神的一種生動(dòng)展現(xiàn)。

Archery competitions are divided into threetypes： standing archery， horseback archery， and longdistancearchery. Early Mongolians emphasize longdistancearchery to avoid animal attacks， and laterdeveloped exquisite skills in horseback archery.This sport not only tests a shooter’s strength， vision，and skill but also serves as a vivid expression of theMongolian people’s admiration for martial arts.

摔跤是蒙古人特別喜愛的一項(xiàng)體育活動(dòng)。在古代，草原上的人們常常通過這種形式選拔英雄。因?yàn)樵谒麄兊男哪恐校硬粌H是力量的比拼，更是智力的較量。在摔跤時(shí)，競技的勇士們身著釘滿銀釘?shù)呐Ｆぞo身背心，脖子上戴著用紅、黃、藍(lán)三色綢布條扎成的項(xiàng)圈，腳蹬蒙古靴，一邊跳著鷹步舞，一邊唱著雄渾高亢的歌，信心滿滿地出場，使出渾身解數(shù)，捉對(duì)較技。

Wrestling is a particularly beloved sportamong Mongolians. In ancient times， people on thegrasslands often used wrestling to identify heroes， asit represented not just a contest of strength but alsoa test of intelligence. Competitors wear tight vestsmade of cowhide， adorned with silver nails， alongwith neck rings of red， yellow， and blue silk ribbons，and traditional Mongolian boots. As they confidentlyenter the arena， they perform the eagle step dancewhile singing a vigorous， high-pitched song， ready toexert all their strength in battle.

摔跤比賽時(shí)，選手們不管是專業(yè)的還是業(yè)余的，不論在身高或體重上是否占有優(yōu)勢，都會(huì)像上戰(zhàn)場一樣奮力拼搏。比賽沒有時(shí)間限制，勝負(fù)完全交由戰(zhàn)場決定，只要一方倒地，立見分曉。摔跤比賽十分貼近蒙古人的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，它將蒙古族熱血、勇敢、智慧的英雄精神展現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。

During wrestling matches， whether competitorsare professionals or amateurs， and regardless of theirheight or weight， they will fight as hard as if theywere on the battlefield. There is no time limit forthese contests， and the outcome strictly adheres tobattlefield rules： as soon as one competitor falls to theground， the result is determined. Wrestling closelymirrors the real life of Mongolians， showcasing theheroic spirit of their culture — passionate， brave， andwise.

草原“嘉年華”

The Prairie “Carnival”

近年來，除了競技項(xiàng)目，那達(dá)慕大會(huì)還增加了各種民間文藝表演，如蒙古族的長調(diào)、短調(diào)、馬頭琴演奏等，讓人們?cè)趨⑴c活動(dòng)和觀賞演出的同時(shí)感受草原文化的魅力。此外，大會(huì)上還有各種蒙古族服飾、手工藝品、特色美食的展示和銷售。比如，在手工藝品展示區(qū)，你可以欣賞到精美絕倫的刺繡、銀器、蒙古包等草原特色手工藝品，感受草原人民的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造力；在特色美食區(qū)，你可以品嘗到正宗的手扒肉、烤羊肉串、奶茶等草原美食，滿足一下自己的味蕾。當(dāng)夜幕降臨，草原上會(huì)舉辦盛大的篝火晚會(huì)，沉浸在喜悅中的人們會(huì)圍著篝火席地而坐，喝著醇正的奶酒，跟著悠揚(yáng)的琴聲，唱起動(dòng)聽的民歌，跳起歡快的蒙古族舞蹈，度過歡樂的不眠之夜。

In recent years， the Naadam festival has expandedbeyond competitive events to include a variety offolk performances， such as Mongolian long-song，short-song， and morin khuur performances. Theseactivities allow people to experience the charm ofgrassland culture while participating in the festivities.Additionally， the festival showcases and sells variousMongolian clothing， handicrafts， and specialtyfoods. For instance， in the handicraft exhibition area，visitors can admire exquisite embroidery， silverware，and traditional yurts， all reflecting the artisticcreativity of the grassland people. In the specialtyfood section， they can savor authentic dishes likehand-held mutton， grilled lamb skewers， and milktea， delighting every taste bud. As night falls， agrand bonfire party lights up the grasslands. Peopleimmersed in joy gather round the fire， sitting on theground while enjoying rich milk wine. Accompaniedby the melodious sounds of the fiddle， they singbeautiful folk songs and dance to lively Mongolianrhythms， creating an unforgettable night ofcelebration.

隨著時(shí)代的變遷，如今的那達(dá)慕大會(huì)除了組織傳統(tǒng)的線下活動(dòng)，還通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播、短視頻等新媒體形式，向全國乃至全球的觀眾展示其獨(dú)特的文化魅力。如果你有幸遇到這場盛事，一定不要錯(cuò)過，因?yàn)槟沁_(dá)慕是你一生中不容錯(cuò)過的精彩！

As times have changed， today’s Naadam festivalnot only has traditional on-site activities but also，thanks to new media forms like live broadcasts andshort videos， presents its unique cultural charm toaudiences both nationwide and globally. If you havethe opportunity to experience this grand event，be sure to grab it — Naadam is an extraordinaryexperience that you absolutely shall not miss in yourlifetime.