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      不同種類雪蓮愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡的抗氧化和美白活性比較

      2024-01-31 15:11:58王夜宇張振興張旭輝高琦
      醫(yī)學(xué)美學(xué)美容 2024年1期
      關(guān)鍵詞:柱層析雪蓮

      王夜宇 張振興 張旭輝 高琦

      [摘 要]目的 探究天山雪蓮紫色愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡(PXLEVs)和天山雪蓮白色愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡(WXLEVs)的分離方法及抗氧化和美白活性差異。方法 采用切向流過(guò)濾和柱層析相結(jié)合的方法從愈傷組織培養(yǎng)上清液中分離純化PXLEVs和WXLEVs,透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和納米顆粒跟蹤分析(NTA)表征其形貌、粒徑和濃度,通過(guò)體外DPPH自由基清除實(shí)驗(yàn)和細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究其抗氧化功效,通過(guò)酪氨酸酶活性及細(xì)胞黑色素生成抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究其美白功效。結(jié)果 PXLEVs和WXLEVs均呈茶托狀結(jié)構(gòu),PXLEVs的粒徑為(152.10±61.30)nm,WXLEVs的粒徑為(180.20±76.40)nm;PXLEVs的體外DPPH自由基清除率、細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS清除率均高于WXLEVs;PXLEVs的酪氨酸酶活性和細(xì)胞黑色素含量均低于WXLEVs。結(jié)論 與WXLEVs相比PXLEVs具有更好的抗氧化和美白活性,為細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物的選擇和天然活性護(hù)膚原料的開發(fā)提供了理論依據(jù)。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 雪蓮;細(xì)胞外囊泡;切向流;柱層析

      [中圖分類號(hào)] Q945 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)01-0041-06

      Comparison of Antioxidant and Whitening Activities of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Kinds of Snow Lotus Callus Culture Supernatant

      WANG Ye-yu, ZHANG Zhen-xing, ZHANG Xu-hui, GAO Qi

      (Beijing Youngen Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China)

      [Abstract]Objective To explore the separation methods of extracellular vesicles from purple callus of snow lotus (PXLEVs) and extracellular vesicles from white callus of snow lotus (WXLEVs) and the differences in antioxidant and whitening activities. Methods PXLEVs and WXLEVs were isolated and purified from callus culture supernatant by tangential flow filtration and column chromatography. The morphology, particle size and concentration were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In vitro DPPH free radical scavenging experiment and intracellular ROS inhibition experiment were used to study its antioxidant effect. Tyrosinase activity and cell melanin generation inhibition experiments were used to study its whitening effect. Results Both PXLEVs and WXLEVs showed a saucer-like structure. The particle size of PXLEVs was (152.10±61.30) nm, and the particle size of WXLEVs was (180.20±76.40) nm. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate and intracellular ROS scavenging rate of PXLEVs were higher than those of WXLEVs. The tyrosinase activity and cell melanin content of PXLEVs were lower than those of WXLEVs. Conclusion Compared with WXLEVs, PXLEVs have better antioxidant and whitening activities, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of cell culture and the development of natural active skin care materials.

      [Key words] Snow lotus; Extracellular vesicles; Tangential flow filtration; Column chromatography

      天山雪蓮是我國(guó)高山地區(qū)常用的一類名貴藥用植物,具有很好的抗氧化、抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛、活血化瘀和抗衰老等作用[1-3],已被列為我國(guó)國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)野生植物[4]。通過(guò)植物細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)技術(shù)獲取含有大量生物活性物質(zhì)的天山雪蓮細(xì)胞可以有效解決野生雪蓮資源問(wèn)題[5,6]。近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[7],植物細(xì)胞能夠分泌一種細(xì)胞外囊泡(EVs),直徑30~500 nm,其內(nèi)選擇性包裹脂質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)、核酸和其他小分子成分[8],具有明確的減輕組織損傷程度、促進(jìn)損傷組織形態(tài)學(xué)及功能學(xué)修復(fù)的作用[9,10]。現(xiàn)有的植物細(xì)胞外囊泡提取技術(shù)存在很多弊端,不僅需要耗費(fèi)大量的愈傷組織或,還需要將植株絞碎,對(duì)濾渣進(jìn)行充分的過(guò)濾,操作繁瑣費(fèi)時(shí)[11-13]。采用磷酸鹽緩沖液在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的提取過(guò)程中也會(huì)因滲透壓差異導(dǎo)致EVs結(jié)構(gòu)破裂失去功效[7]。本研究采用一種切向流過(guò)濾和柱層析相結(jié)合的方法從天山雪蓮愈傷組織培養(yǎng)上清液中分離出了天山雪蓮紫色愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡(PXLEVs)和天山雪蓮白色愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡(WXLEVs),并對(duì)其抗氧化和美白活性進(jìn)行了研究比較,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

      1.1 試驗(yàn)材料 人類永生化表皮細(xì)胞(HaCaT)和小鼠黑色素瘤細(xì)胞(B16)購(gòu)自ATCC細(xì)胞庫(kù);RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基,青鏈霉素混合液和10%胎牛血清(FBS)購(gòu)自北京中生奧邦生物科技有限公司;達(dá)爾伯克氏改良伊格爾培養(yǎng)基(Dulbecco ’ s Modified Eagle ’ s Medium,DMEM)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司;總酮定量檢測(cè)試劑盒、總酚定量檢測(cè)試劑盒、CCK8試劑、DPPH試劑、酪氨酸酶活性檢測(cè)試劑盒均購(gòu)自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;BCA蛋白定量試劑盒和總活性氧簇(ROS)檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自賽默飛世爾科技公司。

      1.2 方法

      1.2.1雪蓮細(xì)胞外囊泡的分離及鑒定 采用切向流過(guò)濾和柱層析相結(jié)合的方法分離純化PXLEVs和WXLEVs。收集2 L天山雪蓮愈傷組織的培養(yǎng)液進(jìn)行梯度離心,4 ℃下300 g/min離心10 min收集上清液;然后將上清液于4 ℃下2000 g/min離心20 min,再次收集上清液;再將上清液4℃下10 000 g/min離心30 min,用0.45 μm的濾膜過(guò)濾最后的上清液并收集濾液。使用截流分子量為500 kD的中空纖維將濾液濃縮到50 ml,用500 ml的PBS進(jìn)行換液,得到溶劑為PBS的濃縮液50 ml;最后將得到的濃縮液通過(guò)SEC純化柱純化得到天山雪蓮愈傷組織細(xì)胞外囊泡,-80 ℃凍存?zhèn)溆?。利用透射電子顯微鏡FEI Tecnai F20觀察EVs的形態(tài);采用粒徑分析儀Particle Metrix PMX-120檢測(cè)EVs的粒徑和濃度信息;使用SEC色譜柱驗(yàn)證所提 EVs的分散性和均一性。采用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒測(cè)定了所提EVs的蛋白含量。采用總酮定量檢測(cè)試劑盒和總酚定量檢測(cè)試劑盒檢測(cè)所提EVs的總酮和總酚含量。

      植物細(xì)胞外囊泡參與植物免疫系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)、植物防御反應(yīng)、植物-微生物共生,并通過(guò)穿梭 RNA、蛋白質(zhì)和生物活性化合物來(lái)介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞間通訊和跨界通訊[14,15],在抗炎、抗腫瘤、哺乳動(dòng)物微生物群調(diào)節(jié)和藥物輸送方面具有巨大的治療潛力[10]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[16],植物細(xì)胞外囊泡具有促進(jìn)皮膚再生的功效,故其在化妝品領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用研究逐漸增多[17]。來(lái)自馬尾藻和羊棲菜的EVs已被證明可下調(diào)人黑色素瘤細(xì)胞系(MNT-1)中黑素生成相關(guān)蛋白TYR、TYRP-1和MITF[18]。另一項(xiàng)研究表明[19],松柏葉和莖中提取的EVs通過(guò)降低黑色素水平在小鼠黑色素瘤細(xì)胞系(B16BL6)中發(fā)揮美白作用。最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[20],從蘆薈果皮中分離出細(xì)胞外囊泡(A-EVs)可通過(guò)激活抗氧化防御機(jī)制,促進(jìn)傷口愈合,使得皮膚再生??梢?jiàn),植物細(xì)胞外囊泡具有適合化妝品應(yīng)用的細(xì)胞相容性、抗氧化、美白和促進(jìn)愈合的特性,但天山雪蓮細(xì)胞外囊泡的提取及其護(hù)膚功效的研究并沒(méi)有相關(guān)報(bào)道。

      綜上所述,本項(xiàng)研究使用切向流過(guò)濾和柱層析相結(jié)合的方法從天山雪蓮愈傷組織培養(yǎng)上清液中分離EVs,為植物細(xì)胞外囊泡的提取提供了新思路。對(duì)提取的PXLEVs和WXLEVs的抗氧化和美白活性進(jìn)行了研究比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)PXLEVs能夠更好的促進(jìn)DPPH自由基的清除,抑制ROS的產(chǎn)生,同時(shí)對(duì)酪氨酸酶活性及細(xì)胞黑色素生成有具有更為明顯的抑制作用,展示出了良好的抗氧化和美白效果。本研究為細(xì)胞定向培養(yǎng)和天然活性化妝品原料的開發(fā)提供了理論依據(jù),但關(guān)于其作用機(jī)制的研究還不夠詳細(xì)全面,后續(xù)會(huì)進(jìn)一步探究PXLEVs更具體清晰的抗氧化和美白機(jī)制。

      [1]Gong G,Huang J,Yang Y,et al.Saussureae Involucratae Herba (Snow Lotus):Review of Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Properties[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2020,10:1549.

      [2]Chik W-I,Zhu L,F(xiàn)an L-L,et al.Saussurea involucrata:A review of the botany,phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of a rare traditional herbal medicine[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacol ogy,2015,172:44-60.

      [3]Zhang Q,He L,Jiang Q,et al.Systems Pharmacology-Based Dissection of Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Herb Saussurea involucrata[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2021,12:678203.

      [4]Guo B,Gao M,Liu CZ.In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal plant Saussurea involucrate Kar.et Kir[J].Plant Cell Reports,2007,26(3):261-265.

      [5]Zhang H,Li X,Meng X,et al.Comparison of Differences in Chemical Composition and Related Antioxidant Activity of Snow Lotus from Different Origins[J].Chem Biodivers,2023, 20(1):e202200885.

      [6]Qiu J,Xue X,Chen F,et al.Quality evaluation of snow lotus(Saussurea):quantitative chemical analysis and antioxidant activity assessment[J].Plant Cell Reports,2010,29(12):1325-1337.

      [7]Wang Y,Wang J,Ma J,et al.Focusing on Future Applications and Current Challenges of Plant Derived Extracellular Vesicles[J].Pharmaceuticals,2022,15(6):708.

      [8]Rome S.Biological properties of plant-derived extracellular vesicles[J].Food & Function,2019,10(2):529-538.

      [9]Kim J,Li S,Zhang S,et al.Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their therapeutic activities[J].Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2022,17(1):53-69.

      [10]Urzi O,Raimondo S,Alessandro R.Extracellular Vesicles from Plants:Current Knowledge and Open Questions[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(10):5366.

      [11]Cho E-G,Choi S-Y,Kim H,et al.Panax ginseng-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Anti-Senescence Effects in Human Skin Cells:An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Way to Use Ginseng Substances[J].Cells,2021,10(3):486.

      [12]Deng Z,Rong Y,Teng Y,et al.Broccoli-Derived Nanoparticle Inhibits Mouse Colitis by Activating Dendritic Cell AMPActivated Protein Kinase[J].Mol Ther,2017,25(7):1641-1654.

      [13]Mu J,Zhuang X,Wang Q,et al.Interspecies communication between plant and mouse gut host cells through edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2014,58(7):1561-1573.

      [14]Kedare SB,Singh RP.Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay[J].J Food Sci Technol,2011,48(4):412-422.

      [15]Hoshino A,Kim HS,Bojmar L,et al.Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Biomarkers Define Multiple Human Cancers[J]. Cell,2020,182(4):1044-1061.

      [16]Li Y,Xiao Q,Tang J,et al.Extracellular Vesicles:Emerging Therapeutics in Cutaneous Lesions[J].Int J Nanomedicine,2021,16:6183-6202.

      [17]Kim MK,Choi YC,Cho SH,et al.The Antioxidant Effect of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Aloe vera Peels for Wound Healing[J].Tissue Eng Regen Med,2021,18(4):561-571.

      [18]Jang B,Chung H,Jung H,et al.Extracellular Vesicles from Korean Codium fragile and Sargassum fusiforme Negatively Regulate Melanin Synthesis[J].Mol Cells,2021,44(10):736-745.

      [19]Lee R,Ko HJ,Kim K,et al.Anti-melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from plant leaves and stems in mouse melanoma cells and human healthy skin[J].J Extracell Vesicles,2020,9(1):1703480.

      [20]Quispe C,Villalobos M,Borquez J,et al.Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera from the Pica Oasis(Tarapaca,Chile) by UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS[J].Journal of Chemistry,2018,2018:6123850.

      [21]Li HB,Wong CC,Cheng KW,et al,Antioxidant properties in vitro and total phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants[J].Lwt-Food Science and Technology,2008,41(3):385-390.

      收稿日期:2023-11-6 編輯:劉雯

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