基于遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值評(píng)估的活化改造設(shè)計(jì)研究

摘 要 在不斷變化的城市、鄉(xiāng)村和邊緣地帶環(huán)境中，工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)地點(diǎn)的日益增長(zhǎng)，特別是那些被視為“日?！钡牡攸c(diǎn)，為當(dāng)代社會(huì)和建筑發(fā)展帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。這些廢棄地點(diǎn)未能得到充分利用，因而在社區(qū)和環(huán)境中留下空缺。本文聚焦于清華鎮(zhèn)老糧站的適應(yīng)性再利用，強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些地點(diǎn)在維持歷史、文化和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)敘事中的重要性。通過(guò)評(píng)估遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值并提出針對(duì)性的建筑干預(yù)措施，設(shè)計(jì)將現(xiàn)有的倉(cāng)庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)創(chuàng)意文化中心；倡導(dǎo)在文化保護(hù)與現(xiàn)代發(fā)展之間取得平衡，將“日?！钡墓I(yè)遺產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)融入現(xiàn)代環(huán)境中。

關(guān)鍵詞：基于遺產(chǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)；價(jià)值評(píng)估；活化再利用；工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)

0 引 言

自后現(xiàn)代時(shí)期以來(lái)，遺產(chǎn)與當(dāng)代生活的交匯創(chuàng)造了一種日益明顯的新舊交織的生活、工作和居住體驗(yàn)。由于后工業(yè)主義和后現(xiàn)代資本主義的轉(zhuǎn)變等多種因素，這種經(jīng)常是刻意的與過(guò)去的物理痕跡在當(dāng)下的相遇，已不僅在城市中心的設(shè)計(jì)中占據(jù)核心地位，也影響了農(nóng)村和邊緣地帶景觀的演變。隨著技術(shù)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境加速變化，這些發(fā)展促進(jìn)了懷舊情緒的增強(qiáng)和對(duì)可能在當(dāng)前環(huán)境中喪失的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、記憶和價(jià)值的保護(hù)興趣[1]。因此，遺產(chǎn)，無(wú)論是有形的還是無(wú)形的，越來(lái)越被視為一個(gè)積極的過(guò)程，它涉及組織和策劃反映當(dāng)代價(jià)值觀和意愿的對(duì)象、地點(diǎn)和實(shí)踐，使遺產(chǎn)成為開(kāi)啟對(duì)話、影響決策以及解決社會(huì)文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境問(wèn)題的創(chuàng)造性工具[2]。

矛盾的是，激發(fā)對(duì)遺產(chǎn)更大興趣的同一力量，也催生了其展示和消費(fèi)的新市場(chǎng)，有效地將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轶w驗(yàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的寶貴資產(chǎn)。在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中，旅游業(yè)是最早將遺產(chǎn)作為此類商品的行業(yè)之一[3]。作為越來(lái)越廣泛的推動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的工具，中國(guó)的旅游業(yè)在過(guò)去幾十年特別關(guān)注農(nóng)村和邊緣地區(qū)[4]。然而，這些新旅游目的地文化體驗(yàn)和參與活動(dòng)的增加——通常涉及歷史建筑、遺址、物品和實(shí)踐——也導(dǎo)致了過(guò)度商業(yè)化和舞臺(tái)化的問(wèn)題，削弱了許多傳統(tǒng)村莊和城鎮(zhèn)的歷史完整性。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，眾多學(xué)者強(qiáng)調(diào)要重視當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦睦?，并考慮地方對(duì)遺產(chǎn)和商業(yè)化的態(tài)度以及地方的文化和社會(huì)資本。

該項(xiàng)目是清華大學(xué)鄉(xiāng)村振興工作站工作的一部分。工作站在中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)開(kāi)展了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研，探索鄉(xiāng)村的產(chǎn)業(yè)、文化、生態(tài)和管理領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)事務(wù)。工作站的一個(gè)核心組成部分是在合適的村鎮(zhèn)建立學(xué)生研究基地，專注于為教育、文化和社區(qū)功能重新塑造被忽視和未被充分利用的結(jié)構(gòu)。這種方法強(qiáng)調(diào)了既有結(jié)構(gòu)在豐富和深化建筑環(huán)境方面的重要性，并將重點(diǎn)從大規(guī)模置換轉(zhuǎn)向重新思考空間，以恢復(fù)和延續(xù)其社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化意義。項(xiàng)目選取江西省婺源縣清華鎮(zhèn)的典型邊緣地區(qū)作為場(chǎng)地，該鎮(zhèn)位于周邊城市中心和傳統(tǒng)徽派村落之間，在遠(yuǎn)離風(fēng)景旅游點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，根植于縣域豐富的歷史背景中，因此項(xiàng)目的挑戰(zhàn)在于找到合適的方法，將該地區(qū)的落后和限制轉(zhuǎn)化為能夠可持續(xù)和包容性發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)和資產(chǎn)。

1 概念框架

隨著時(shí)間的推移，“遺產(chǎn)”這一概念發(fā)生了顯著的變化。隨著國(guó)家和全球遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)名錄中項(xiàng)目數(shù)量不斷增長(zhǎng)，許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，備受關(guān)注的對(duì)遺產(chǎn)的官方呈現(xiàn)方式和管理，將其所有權(quán)從公眾轉(zhuǎn)移到了“專家”手中，結(jié)果是強(qiáng)調(diào)遺產(chǎn)作為一種專業(yè)活動(dòng)和過(guò)去的遺跡，與日常生活及地方化語(yǔ)境脫節(jié)[5]。作為回應(yīng)，人們?cè)诟鼜V泛的遺產(chǎn)語(yǔ)境中，越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到“日?！睂?duì)象和結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性，這對(duì)主要關(guān)注具有紀(jì)念性和美學(xué)特質(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)模式提出了挑戰(zhàn)。“日?！币辉~指的是可能不具有杰出建筑學(xué)意義或歷史意義，但仍在社區(qū)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和集體記憶中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用的結(jié)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所，如果不進(jìn)行保護(hù)干預(yù)會(huì)有消失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所脫離了國(guó)家主導(dǎo)的保護(hù)力量，也能更有機(jī)地與周邊的社會(huì)、政治和環(huán)境結(jié)合發(fā)展。

在當(dāng)代建筑語(yǔ)境中存在遺產(chǎn)的概念，并由于社會(huì)價(jià)值觀和城市發(fā)展范式的轉(zhuǎn)變而進(jìn)一步凸顯，強(qiáng)調(diào)在文化保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展之間取得平衡。在遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、建筑生產(chǎn)和城市發(fā)展的交叉點(diǎn)上，學(xué)者們倡導(dǎo)應(yīng)更嚴(yán)格地審視傳統(tǒng)方法 [6]，這使得工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)更加成為這一不斷演變的敘事中的關(guān)鍵方面。尤其在中國(guó)的許多農(nóng)村和邊緣地區(qū)，由于原有功能過(guò)時(shí)，那里的舊工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所，如糧站、工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)，已被廢棄和忽視。作為中國(guó)工業(yè)時(shí)代的遺存，這些結(jié)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所提供了洞悉短暫但關(guān)鍵的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的寶貴機(jī)會(huì)，塑造了國(guó)家的當(dāng)代圖景[7]。無(wú)論是日常的還是紀(jì)念性的，對(duì)這些空間的保護(hù)都提供了一個(gè)能夠和既有空間互動(dòng)、積極而富有創(chuàng)造力的過(guò)程。保護(hù)和適應(yīng)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中相互結(jié)合，從而促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和城市敘事的延續(xù)，以此將過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的元素相連接。

項(xiàng)目以江西省東北部的婺源縣為背景，這里因一些國(guó)內(nèi)保存最完好的古代徽派建筑和村落而聞名，清華鎮(zhèn)的舊糧站就是這種“日?！惫I(yè)遺產(chǎn)的生動(dòng)例子。糧站是國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展、糧食儲(chǔ)存和國(guó)家管理糧食分配的核心組成部分，曾是國(guó)家與人民之間的重要紐帶，起到促進(jìn)互動(dòng)并確保糧食安全的作用。在許多地區(qū)，它們已成為社區(qū)生活不可或缺的部分，對(duì)農(nóng)民和城市居民都有巨大的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)意義[8]。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的開(kāi)放和市場(chǎng)化的轉(zhuǎn)變，糧站與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的相關(guān)性逐漸降低，變成了快速現(xiàn)代化背景下公眾觀念中的微弱回響。然而，這些結(jié)構(gòu)中嵌入的敘事反映了人們關(guān)于適應(yīng)集體記憶和過(guò)去的社會(huì)聯(lián)系，而糧站曾經(jīng)核心的位置現(xiàn)在象征著一個(gè)矛盾的空間，呼應(yīng)了逝去的時(shí)代，但同時(shí)又存在于當(dāng)下。

在當(dāng)前這個(gè)加速變革的時(shí)代，清華鎮(zhèn)舊糧站的保護(hù)和適應(yīng)性再利用不僅有助于城鄉(xiāng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，而且對(duì)于維護(hù)該地區(qū)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)歷史的有形聯(lián)系至關(guān)重要，以促進(jìn)社區(qū)內(nèi)的延續(xù)性和身份認(rèn)同。該場(chǎng)地缺乏直接的建筑形式特征，這不應(yīng)被視為限制，而是應(yīng)作為一個(gè)能夠創(chuàng)造性地重新想象和振興其空間的機(jī)會(huì)，并將其重新整合到當(dāng)代城市肌理中，從而確保對(duì)當(dāng)代和未來(lái)幾代人的相關(guān)性和功能性的結(jié)合。然而，隨著文化主導(dǎo)的消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)的崛起和適應(yīng)性再利用項(xiàng)目的愈加同質(zhì)化，目前迫切需要一種更細(xì)致的方法，這一方法應(yīng)該能夠有效平衡有價(jià)值特征的保留與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展。該項(xiàng)目的研究從理論和實(shí)踐作品中汲取見(jiàn)解——不僅限于適應(yīng)性再利用，還將更廣泛地融入工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的討論和研究，并整合到地方依附及地方記憶的研究中——因此采用了一種基于遺產(chǎn)的方法來(lái)研究和理解清華鎮(zhèn)舊糧站獨(dú)特的地域和社會(huì)背景，以反映并豐富它所屬的社區(qū)。

2 方法論

基于近幾十年的眾多遺產(chǎn)修復(fù)和適應(yīng)性再利用項(xiàng)目，顯而易見(jiàn)的是，其與現(xiàn)有建筑和場(chǎng)地的互動(dòng)存在無(wú)數(shù)種可能性。理論和實(shí)踐的多樣性表明，基于遺產(chǎn)的項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有通用的解決方案。正相反，挑戰(zhàn)就在于為每個(gè)獨(dú)立項(xiàng)目找到最合適的干預(yù)措施。這就需要有一個(gè)特定的框架來(lái)分析遺產(chǎn)的價(jià)值和結(jié)構(gòu)或場(chǎng)地的內(nèi)在特質(zhì)，并以此作為進(jìn)行建筑干預(yù)的基礎(chǔ)。遺產(chǎn)通過(guò)與歷史、實(shí)踐和地方依附之間的互動(dòng)，充當(dāng)了當(dāng)下與未來(lái)改造提議之間的媒介。因此，基于遺產(chǎn)的方法不再主要受到預(yù)設(shè)建筑功能或設(shè)計(jì)師的藝術(shù)直覺(jué)啟發(fā)，而是將焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向探索該遺產(chǎn)的局限性和可能性，從而在未來(lái)形成新的功能。

與通常在傳統(tǒng)遺產(chǎn)建筑中強(qiáng)調(diào)美學(xué)屬性和歷史真實(shí)性相反，日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的本質(zhì)主要體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的工業(yè)、社區(qū)和生活方式的敘事和歷史中。然而，導(dǎo)致這些結(jié)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所被廢棄的原因也常常對(duì)確定其價(jià)值帶來(lái)重大挑戰(zhàn)。隨著曾經(jīng)的工人和使用者因經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型而遷出，這些空間常常被遺留在后，并且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有任何有形的聯(lián)系和可追溯的記憶。因此，考慮到工業(yè)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)地中普遍的建筑和功能類型，這些類型在歷史和社會(huì)層面的普遍意義成為背景分析的重要部分。這種研究需要?dú)w納概括，對(duì)于在更廣泛的背景下理解和評(píng)估工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的價(jià)值至關(guān)重要。

這些日常建筑物和場(chǎng)所紀(jì)念性價(jià)值的缺乏也進(jìn)一步凸顯了需要考慮干預(yù)手段經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性的重要性。一方面，這涉及應(yīng)對(duì)有限的財(cái)政資源和當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖと擞邢薜募寄芩剿鶐?lái)的潛在限制，另一方面，也需要考慮對(duì)這些構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行干預(yù)后的長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性。在缺少國(guó)家或市級(jí)保護(hù)力量的情況下，對(duì)日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)所的干預(yù)有更大的自由度；因此，進(jìn)行選擇性價(jià)值評(píng)估十分重要，從而確保其能夠繼續(xù)或重獲與當(dāng)代背景的相關(guān)性，并融入當(dāng)代語(yǔ)境中。

3 基于遺產(chǎn)的適應(yīng)性再利用的設(shè)計(jì)策略和框架

本項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)策略分為3 個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分：價(jià)值評(píng)估、宏觀整合和微觀干預(yù)。在第一部分中，設(shè)計(jì)策略研究并評(píng)估當(dāng)前的遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值和場(chǎng)地的內(nèi)在特質(zhì)，深思熟慮地設(shè)計(jì)能促進(jìn)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化發(fā)展的解決方案，并為其提供堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。隨后，宏觀和微觀干預(yù)過(guò)程則分別反映了工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)地的性質(zhì)和規(guī)模。從歷史上看，這些空間的戰(zhàn)略區(qū)位旨在服務(wù)更大范圍，通常從村莊、城鎮(zhèn)和城市群到整個(gè)省。因此，需要考慮過(guò)去的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、歷史和社會(huì)聯(lián)系，以確保它們能夠長(zhǎng)期重新融入更大范圍的區(qū)域和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

在微觀層面，干預(yù)重點(diǎn)在于建筑更新、適應(yīng)和擴(kuò)展，在強(qiáng)調(diào)既有結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)特價(jià)值的同時(shí)滿足當(dāng)代空間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和需求。微觀干預(yù)不僅僅是為當(dāng)前用途重新匹配現(xiàn)有空間和結(jié)構(gòu)，而是引入當(dāng)代語(yǔ)境，為今后重新確立空間的相關(guān)性和可用性，其中包括對(duì)后續(xù)調(diào)整的準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)對(duì)。

設(shè)計(jì)框架的搭建基于既定的基于遺產(chǎn)的方法和價(jià)值定義，將不同的視角綜合成一個(gè)用于分析和評(píng)估日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的細(xì)致結(jié)構(gòu)。場(chǎng)地及其構(gòu)筑物的內(nèi)在特質(zhì)被細(xì)分為7 個(gè)場(chǎng)地層次（圖1），采用斯圖爾特·布蘭德（Stewart Brand）[9]在其“分層剪切（Shearing Layers）”概念中的術(shù)語(yǔ)并進(jìn)行拓展。在工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的背景下，這通常包括整個(gè)組合體而不是單獨(dú)的結(jié)構(gòu)，布蘭德對(duì)“場(chǎng)地”的定義被拓展，以區(qū)分“周邊環(huán)境”和“場(chǎng)地”本身?！爸苓叚h(huán)境”包括工業(yè)場(chǎng)地服務(wù)的更廣泛區(qū)域，而“場(chǎng)地”指建筑組合的法定邊界。另一方面，由于諸如舊機(jī)器等許多工業(yè)元素理論上都符合“服務(wù)系統(tǒng)”和“內(nèi)容物”這兩個(gè)定義，因此這兩個(gè)層次被合并為一類。這個(gè)新的“服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和內(nèi)容物”層涵蓋了與原有工業(yè)功能相關(guān)的固定和非固定組件，包括電氣和管道系統(tǒng)以及可移動(dòng)的機(jī)器和設(shè)備。除了布蘭德的術(shù)語(yǔ)，框架還融入了保羅·梅爾斯（Paul Meurs）對(duì)物體的物質(zhì)本質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)的空間本質(zhì)和敘事的物質(zhì)本質(zhì)的定義。前兩者被整合到“場(chǎng)地”“結(jié)構(gòu)”“表皮”和“空間布局”的層次中，強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)查特定建筑構(gòu)成部分以及建筑布局背后的總體空間邏輯的必要性。敘事的物質(zhì)本質(zhì)則被嵌入到庫(kù)伊珀斯（Kuipers） 和德容（de Jonge） 的“ 場(chǎng)所精神（Spirit of Place）”[10] 的定義中，捕捉與構(gòu)筑物及場(chǎng)所相關(guān)的或固有的無(wú)形的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和歷史價(jià)值。

在這個(gè)框架下，對(duì)遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值的后續(xù)評(píng)估涉及一個(gè)多值決策的過(guò)程，融合了阿洛伊斯·里格爾（Alois Riegl）[11] 和保羅·梅爾斯的價(jià)值理念。這一過(guò)程識(shí)別了十類價(jià)值，并從“高”到“零”進(jìn)行評(píng)估，顯示了不同干預(yù)措施和考量方法的重要性和推薦度（圖2）。該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)雷達(dá)圖（圖3）可視化，以便進(jìn)行比較分析，從而指導(dǎo)有關(guān)保護(hù)的決策，包括對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑和建筑元素的部分或完全拆除。通過(guò)選擇與日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)相關(guān)的價(jià)值，這一框架呈現(xiàn)了工業(yè)構(gòu)筑物的特定性質(zhì)，包括務(wù)實(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)意圖和建造過(guò)程中資源的有限性。雖然工業(yè)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)地通常出于實(shí)用性而缺乏藝術(shù)價(jià)值，但特定組成部分可能被賦予相對(duì)的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，反映出當(dāng)下對(duì)其非預(yù)期藝術(shù)性的欣賞。此外，使用價(jià)值、環(huán)境價(jià)值和社區(qū)價(jià)值等在決策過(guò)程中往往占有更大的比重，以確保擬采取的干預(yù)手段的可行性、延續(xù)性和可持續(xù)性。通過(guò)這種比較分析模型，設(shè)計(jì)框架能夠適應(yīng)矛盾的和互補(bǔ)的價(jià)值，強(qiáng)調(diào)理解其價(jià)值的多維性，及其在促進(jìn)和延續(xù)日常工業(yè)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)地的社會(huì)、文化和建筑敘事中的關(guān)鍵作用。

項(xiàng)目置于婺源縣更廣泛的文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)背景之中，通過(guò)全面的區(qū)域分析獲取周邊區(qū)域的總體情況，包括人群類型——主要由老年人和兒童組成，以及獨(dú)特的建筑和城市特征。例如，狹窄的城市布局、政府的鼓勵(lì)措施與這些地區(qū)特色相結(jié)合，使得該縣對(duì)農(nóng)村旅游的關(guān)注度在過(guò)去幾十年里逐步提高。此外，當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)仍然保持著強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民俗文化和非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的重視，許多傳承人在積極實(shí)踐和教授他們的手藝。在這一背景下，采用上述的多層次設(shè)計(jì)框架對(duì)老糧站進(jìn)行分析，包括周邊環(huán)境、場(chǎng)地、結(jié)構(gòu)、表皮、空間布局、服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和內(nèi)容物以及場(chǎng)所精神7 個(gè)層次，每一層次都能夠提供對(duì)場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)狀和歷史意義的關(guān)鍵見(jiàn)解。

1）周邊環(huán)境。

這一層次關(guān)注老糧站和清華鎮(zhèn)的變化及當(dāng)前動(dòng)態(tài)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注土地利用變化情況（圖4）、城市形態(tài)學(xué)（圖5）、可達(dá)性（圖6）、景觀（圖7）和生活方式（圖8）。鎮(zhèn)上從商業(yè)活動(dòng)中心逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐跃幼」δ転橹?，使得社?huì)活動(dòng)主要集中在清華路上。這揭示了土地利用的重大變化，包括在建筑中融入對(duì)徽派建筑的現(xiàn)代詮釋。雖然住宅供應(yīng)量有所增長(zhǎng)，但公共設(shè)施的明顯短缺凸顯了應(yīng)該整合多樣化公共活動(dòng)，并將老糧站與其他行業(yè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，增加當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈陀慰蛥⑴c的機(jī)會(huì)；從而振興社會(huì)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)角色。

2）場(chǎng)地。

這一部分深入探討老糧站的歷史背景，探索其歷史語(yǔ)境、空間布局（圖9）及當(dāng)前狀況（圖10），評(píng)估了糧站歷史上的運(yùn)營(yíng)情況和最終改造如何反映了更大范圍的清華鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的轉(zhuǎn)變。場(chǎng)地存在進(jìn)入限制和物理障礙（圖11），如封閉的邊界和不顯眼的入口，這阻礙了其在當(dāng)代城市環(huán)境中的可見(jiàn)性，難以融入當(dāng)代城市環(huán)境。因此，重新開(kāi)放這些邊界并增加建筑體量可以大大提高其可見(jiàn)性和可達(dá)性，將老糧站重新融入周邊社區(qū)。此外，還建議通過(guò)增強(qiáng)室內(nèi)外空間之間的聯(lián)系，塑造一個(gè)更具互動(dòng)性的、以社區(qū)為中心的環(huán)境。

3）結(jié)構(gòu)。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析探討了老糧站4 座主要建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性和構(gòu)成（圖12，圖13），重點(diǎn)關(guān)注了當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖL(fēng)格和實(shí)用性建筑傳統(tǒng)。倉(cāng)庫(kù)2，尤其是夾層走廊，以獨(dú)特的特征使老糧站區(qū)別于同一時(shí)期的其他工業(yè)建筑。作為一個(gè)兼具實(shí)用性和結(jié)構(gòu)性的元素，夾層走廊不僅展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)?shù)毓に?，還代表了場(chǎng)地獨(dú)特的工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)。因此，任何潛在的擴(kuò)建都應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)為自支撐，以避免對(duì)現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)造成額外壓力，確保在適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代用途的同時(shí)保持老糧站的歷史完整性。

4）表皮。

這一層次評(píng)估了立面形式和各結(jié)構(gòu)的材料特點(diǎn)（圖14，圖15），強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的細(xì)節(jié)和元素如何滿足功能需求和操作要求?，F(xiàn)有設(shè)計(jì)以磚柱和統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格為特點(diǎn)，展示了針對(duì)原有建筑功能的實(shí)用解決方案。這些特質(zhì)在建筑的整體結(jié)構(gòu)中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，并呈現(xiàn)了獨(dú)特的美學(xué)價(jià)值，可以在未來(lái)的干預(yù)中加以突出，增強(qiáng)場(chǎng)地的建筑吸引力。尤其是應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)在倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 和部分倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 上可見(jiàn)的磚砌圖案，將其作為場(chǎng)地重建中的關(guān)鍵視覺(jué)元素。此外，對(duì)建筑增加的任何新內(nèi)容都應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)為補(bǔ)足而非掩蓋現(xiàn)有立面，以保持老糧站的建筑完整性。

5）空間布局。

這一部分涉及評(píng)估建筑和整個(gè)場(chǎng)地的空間組成和流線（圖16），特別關(guān)注原有結(jié)構(gòu)如何支撐糧食存儲(chǔ)和加工流程。老糧站原有的設(shè)計(jì)旨在優(yōu)化操作流程和功能分離，現(xiàn)在則面臨著適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代用途的重大挑戰(zhàn)。需要改善倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)采光不良的問(wèn)題，特別是倉(cāng)庫(kù)1 被鄰近建筑嚴(yán)重阻擋，光線無(wú)法進(jìn)入。其他倉(cāng)庫(kù)的空間也可能需要改進(jìn)以滿足內(nèi)部空間的多功能性，從而適應(yīng)未來(lái)使用。此外，重新啟用沿夾層走廊的二樓流線可以進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)空間的功能性，提高建筑內(nèi)部空間的可達(dá)性和流通性。

6）服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和內(nèi)容物。

分析場(chǎng)地的公用設(shè)施和服務(wù)系統(tǒng)（ 圖17），這一層次評(píng)估了這些系統(tǒng)的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)及其對(duì)現(xiàn)代需求的適應(yīng)性。老糧站現(xiàn)有的公共服務(wù)相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，反映了由于資源和財(cái)政限制而要求采取簡(jiǎn)單解決方案的時(shí)代特征。如今這些系統(tǒng)不足以滿足當(dāng)代需求，需要進(jìn)行重大調(diào)整，以滿足當(dāng)前標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外，增設(shè)專用的公共洗手間將顯著改善清華鎮(zhèn)的公共設(shè)施，同時(shí)提高場(chǎng)地對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的可達(dá)性和可用性。

7）場(chǎng)所精神。

最后這一層次深入探討了老糧站的無(wú)形本質(zhì)，關(guān)注其歷史意義及超越物理形態(tài)、承載記憶和意義的空間特質(zhì)（圖18）。盡管老糧站不再是清華鎮(zhèn)日?；顒?dòng)的中心，但該場(chǎng)地的歷史和社會(huì)文化價(jià)值提供了突出其獨(dú)特屬性的重要契機(jī)。強(qiáng)化夾層走廊、大尺度的開(kāi)放式平面布局和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間較高的層高等元素，在重建中可以激發(fā)對(duì)原有功能和流線的探索。此外，重新想象并恢復(fù)場(chǎng)地開(kāi)放空間內(nèi)的社交活動(dòng)，可以將這些區(qū)域重新定位為社區(qū)互動(dòng)和參與的焦點(diǎn)，從而重現(xiàn)老糧站的精神，并將其融入清華鎮(zhèn)當(dāng)代的社會(huì)環(huán)境中。

4 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容

4.1 價(jià)值評(píng)估

基于上述分析對(duì)老糧站每棟主要建筑進(jìn)行了評(píng)估（圖19，圖20），以確定其保護(hù)、適應(yīng)和再利用的策略，這些策略旨在與清華鎮(zhèn)不斷演進(jìn)的城市環(huán)境（圖21）協(xié)調(diào)一致。

老辦公樓的結(jié)構(gòu)最破敗，阻礙了目前底層的流線，同時(shí)場(chǎng)地缺乏實(shí)用性，因此，拆除這座建筑將顯著改善零散的外部空間的連通性，增強(qiáng)與周邊城市肌理的融合，并開(kāi)放寶貴的公共空間。此外，盡管倉(cāng)庫(kù)1 在結(jié)構(gòu)上大部分是完好的，但由于它與鄰近多層建筑的距離過(guò)近，采光極其有限且改造的潛力也受到限制，因此建議將該倉(cāng)庫(kù)替換。

相比之下，倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 有較高的遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值，結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)完整。建議通過(guò)謹(jǐn)慎的干預(yù)增強(qiáng)用戶體驗(yàn)感，加強(qiáng)地面層與夾層走廊之間的互動(dòng)，引入干預(yù)性解決方案，在保持建筑歷史特色的同時(shí)能夠增強(qiáng)其功能性。倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 為大型建筑，占地面積較大，因此提供了進(jìn)行富有創(chuàng)意的干預(yù)機(jī)會(huì)，這些干預(yù)手段在較小的空間中通常難以實(shí)施。此外，倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 和3 中的夾層走廊給出了一個(gè)保護(hù)與再利用的獨(dú)特設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)會(huì)。重新思考這一特征可以激發(fā)建筑內(nèi)部新的垂直流線和互動(dòng)關(guān)系，既尊重歷史意義，又符合當(dāng)代安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

4.2 宏觀整合

完成價(jià)值評(píng)估之后，老糧站策略性地重新關(guān)聯(lián)了該場(chǎng)地與更大范圍的城市和社會(huì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行宏觀整合，重新定義了其為多元利益相關(guān)者服務(wù)的功能性和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的空間角色。在之前區(qū)域分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)潛在使用人群及其需求的詳細(xì)研究，確定了包括當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛⒐そ?、游客和研究團(tuán)體在內(nèi)的關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)群體——后者也包括鄉(xiāng)村振興工作站的學(xué)生團(tuán)體。場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃圍繞3 個(gè)主要部分進(jìn)行：一個(gè)專用的公共空間，一個(gè)研究駐地和一些創(chuàng)意工作坊，旨在促進(jìn)社會(huì)互動(dòng)、知識(shí)交流和文化保護(hù)。這些空間的目的是解決清華鎮(zhèn)缺乏社區(qū)交流空間的問(wèn)題，并為當(dāng)?shù)毓そ澈陀慰吞峁┙逃突?dòng)平臺(tái)，同時(shí)提供與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)深度融合的研究設(shè)施。

宏觀整合的關(guān)鍵干預(yù)重點(diǎn)在于提高場(chǎng)地的布局和可達(dá)性。建議策略性拆除倉(cāng)庫(kù)1、老辦公樓和輔助結(jié)構(gòu)，使場(chǎng)地向西南和東北方向打開(kāi)，改善與周邊區(qū)域的聯(lián)通性和視覺(jué)聯(lián)系。倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 改造為主要的公共功能，如咖啡廳和創(chuàng)意工作區(qū)，這一區(qū)域被定位為游客到來(lái)后的首個(gè)接觸點(diǎn)和活動(dòng)樞紐。與之相反，倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 改造為研究人員的宿舍，因?yàn)槠湮挥诤蠓侥軌虼_保隱私，但同時(shí)也能夠保持與場(chǎng)地內(nèi)的社區(qū)功能相連接。

同樣重要的是改善場(chǎng)地的通達(dá)性（圖22，圖23），包括將主入口遷移到東側(cè)小巷，以增加清華路方向可見(jiàn)性，且能夠確保更好的緊急通道功能。倉(cāng)庫(kù)1 被停車區(qū)取代，這一區(qū)域也可以為電動(dòng)摩托車提供額外配套設(shè)施，解決了鎮(zhèn)上游客和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裢＼嚴(yán)щy的問(wèn)題。

建筑體塊的布局策略（圖24）呼應(yīng)了自二十世紀(jì)七八十年代以來(lái)清華鎮(zhèn)不斷演變的城市環(huán)境，尤其是中層建筑的增多。在基本保持場(chǎng)地原有的建筑層數(shù)較低的特征的同時(shí)，建議在特定區(qū)域適度增加高度，以提升場(chǎng)地的城市形象并改善自然日光條件。倉(cāng)庫(kù)1 將被一個(gè)新的雨篷結(jié)構(gòu)替代，倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 西北側(cè)和倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 將分別會(huì)在西北側(cè)和垂直方向進(jìn)行加建，使得場(chǎng)地歷史意義不受損害的同時(shí)更加協(xié)調(diào)地融入當(dāng)前的城市環(huán)境。

4.3 微觀干預(yù)

作為設(shè)計(jì)策略的最后一步，微觀干預(yù)策略關(guān)注在宏觀策略下建筑尺度的實(shí)施手段，采用能夠增強(qiáng)公眾體驗(yàn)的當(dāng)代空間形式，并延續(xù)老糧站的建筑、社會(huì)、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)敘事。

糧站被重新設(shè)計(jì)為一個(gè)創(chuàng)意文化樞紐（圖25），設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程采用策略性的建筑介入方式，包括選擇性拆除、保護(hù)和新項(xiàng)目的整合（圖26）。倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 和倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 分別改造為創(chuàng)意工作坊咖啡廳和研究駐地，同時(shí)建議在場(chǎng)地東北側(cè)新建一個(gè)公共大廳，提供更大的多功能空間和公共設(shè)施，以增強(qiáng)場(chǎng)地的功能性和可達(dá)性，服務(wù)游客和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛?/p>

倉(cāng)庫(kù)2 的適應(yīng)性再利用重點(diǎn)關(guān)注對(duì)現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)的最小干擾（圖27），遵循更傳統(tǒng)的建筑布局，對(duì)內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行對(duì)稱的精細(xì)化處理，西側(cè)為兩個(gè)封閉的工作坊空間，東側(cè)為開(kāi)放式接待處和咖啡吧。中央空間有意避免任何永久性結(jié)構(gòu)，盡可能保留現(xiàn)有的空間體驗(yàn)（圖28）。與之相反，在建筑的前方進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)建，從而在無(wú)需對(duì)立面進(jìn)行重大改動(dòng)的情況下，使得更多日光進(jìn)入內(nèi)部空間。這處擴(kuò)展還增加了一個(gè)通往夾層空間的新入口，經(jīng)由建筑西側(cè)的既有入口將舊倉(cāng)庫(kù)與新的公共大廳相連。與此相反，東側(cè)破舊的既有入口被轉(zhuǎn)化為看向空間內(nèi)部的視覺(jué)通廊。

倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 進(jìn)行了更為徹底的改造（圖29），以滿足小型至中型研究團(tuán)體所需的生活和工作設(shè)施。在設(shè)計(jì)中盡可能少地干預(yù)原有磚石墻，底層包括后方的閣樓房間，前方及側(cè)面的公共區(qū)域可與場(chǎng)地的其他項(xiàng)目結(jié)合使用。中央磚柱被移除，以最大限度地利用既有大尺度空間，這種大尺度空間在婺源縣并不多見(jiàn)。位于上層的中央走廊代替了原有的夾層走廊，重新確立了建筑的中軸線，并在其左右設(shè)置了額外的臥室和多功能空間。

場(chǎng)地唯一全新的結(jié)構(gòu)是公共大廳（ 圖30），這主要用于承載現(xiàn)有倉(cāng)庫(kù)中無(wú)法容納的更寬敞、更高的空間。這棟建筑的一個(gè)主要目的是增加公共洗手間，以填補(bǔ)清華鎮(zhèn)公共設(shè)施的空白。公共大廳在與之相鄰小巷的關(guān)鍵位置使得人們從內(nèi)部和外部都能夠進(jìn)入洗手間，從而確保其功能獨(dú)立于老糧站的其他區(qū)域。

從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，該項(xiàng)目在場(chǎng)地內(nèi)引入了自承重鋼框架系統(tǒng)（圖31），既保持了原有的工業(yè)特色，同時(shí)最大化了未來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活性。設(shè)計(jì)中注意對(duì)既有結(jié)構(gòu)的適應(yīng)，包括考慮改進(jìn)保溫隔熱層、結(jié)構(gòu)加固構(gòu)件（如倉(cāng)庫(kù)3 的原有屋頂桁架）以及加入新的鋼框架，而不損壞現(xiàn)有的木框架和磚墻。既有立面的重復(fù)和實(shí)用性由建筑干預(yù)手段通過(guò)外部材料和構(gòu)成得以延續(xù)和補(bǔ)充?；趯?duì)現(xiàn)有構(gòu)成的研究，立面采用了如鍍鋅鋼和垂直金屬葉片等材料，呼應(yīng)既有墻體的簡(jiǎn)潔性和比例，并通過(guò)延續(xù)視覺(jué)節(jié)奏感實(shí)現(xiàn)新舊融合（圖32）。然而，公共大廳位于場(chǎng)地與糧倉(cāng)旁邊的現(xiàn)代徽派建筑之間，略微偏離了這一模式，其立面更加強(qiáng)調(diào)垂直方向的劃分，并增加了額外的細(xì)節(jié)，如圖案窗格和回收的傳統(tǒng)門(mén)葉，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言和工業(yè)建筑語(yǔ)言之間的過(guò)渡。在保持材料選擇總體特征的基礎(chǔ)上，公共大廳特意選擇了更輕質(zhì)的材料，將注意力更加集中在堅(jiān)固的磚石和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)上。

雖然對(duì)內(nèi)部空間的干預(yù)更多地關(guān)注老糧站的建筑層面和審美方面，但對(duì)場(chǎng)地開(kāi)放空間的變化也強(qiáng)調(diào)了其社會(huì)和公共角色。通過(guò)開(kāi)放場(chǎng)地邊界和拆除老辦公樓，外部空間融合成一個(gè)不同開(kāi)放程度的大型公共區(qū)域，由前面的大型開(kāi)放廣場(chǎng)（圖33）過(guò)渡到后部更私密的庭院（圖34）。它們之間（圖35）由代替了老辦公樓建筑基底的有頂通道相連，在各種天氣條件下均可提供陰涼和遮蔽。這些公共空間通過(guò)眾多既有和增設(shè)的入口與內(nèi)部空間相連，以支持各種社區(qū)活動(dòng)和大型事件，吸引當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈陀慰汀＿@種適應(yīng)性構(gòu)成了老糧站長(zhǎng)期韌性、可持續(xù)性和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的核心，塑造了一個(gè)能夠隨著社區(qū)需求而變化的動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境。

5 結(jié) 語(yǔ)

基于遺產(chǎn)的適應(yīng)性再利用方法強(qiáng)調(diào)將既有的建筑肌理視為可以進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性重構(gòu)的潛在機(jī)遇，而非局限性。這一關(guān)于清華鎮(zhèn)老糧站的研究關(guān)注了遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、建筑生產(chǎn)和城市發(fā)展三者的交叉點(diǎn)。這不僅是一個(gè)常被忽視的“日?！惫I(yè)遺產(chǎn)的范例，也是應(yīng)對(duì)改造所遇到的固有挑戰(zhàn)的示例。此外，工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)不僅僅是過(guò)去的遺存，更能夠?qū)Ξ?dāng)代社會(huì)、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)活力作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

本文將理論研究成果融入三層次的設(shè)計(jì)策略中，從基于現(xiàn)有理論并針對(duì)日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的背景形成的初步價(jià)值評(píng)估出發(fā)，指導(dǎo)后續(xù)的宏觀和微觀層面的干預(yù)。在宏觀層面，設(shè)計(jì)策略性地將老糧站重新嵌入更廣闊的城市與社會(huì)脈絡(luò)，不僅改善了場(chǎng)地的物理可達(dá)性，還重新定義了它在地方和區(qū)域環(huán)境中的角色。場(chǎng)地本身被重新定位為一個(gè)創(chuàng)意文化樞紐，能夠容納多樣化的使用人群，并構(gòu)建靈活且多功能的空間，用于社區(qū)參與和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。微觀干預(yù)策略詳細(xì)闡釋了適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代需求的建筑方案，同時(shí)保護(hù)并在某些情況下強(qiáng)化場(chǎng)地的歷史意義。除了新建的公共大廳外，兩個(gè)既有倉(cāng)庫(kù)被改造成創(chuàng)意工作坊的咖啡廳和研究駐地，每個(gè)空間都旨在增強(qiáng)公眾體驗(yàn)并為場(chǎng)地注入新的活力。這些干預(yù)措施不僅僅帶來(lái)物質(zhì)環(huán)境的轉(zhuǎn)變，還通過(guò)創(chuàng)建可適應(yīng)和多功能的空間來(lái)促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，確保老糧站長(zhǎng)期的適應(yīng)性和相關(guān)性。

本項(xiàng)目中使用的設(shè)計(jì)框架強(qiáng)調(diào)了采用多層面的基于遺產(chǎn)適應(yīng)性再利用方法的重要性，這種方法整合了社會(huì)、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)多維視角，在保護(hù)場(chǎng)地原有價(jià)值的同時(shí)，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為充滿活力且可持續(xù)的當(dāng)代空間中。然而，本研究的目的并不在于為日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)地點(diǎn)的再利用提供通用解決方案，而是彰顯其潛在價(jià)值并激發(fā)更深入的研究。它將基于遺產(chǎn)的方法作為應(yīng)對(duì)類似挑戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)，鼓勵(lì)認(rèn)識(shí)到標(biāo)志性和日常工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)能夠作為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和城市發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力。未來(lái)的研究可以以此為基礎(chǔ)，推進(jìn)遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)向更可持續(xù)的未來(lái)演進(jìn)——一個(gè)倡導(dǎo)重復(fù)利用、包容性和文化敏感性的未來(lái)，從而確保這些日常的工業(yè)構(gòu)筑物和場(chǎng)地，能夠繼續(xù)成為城市、鄉(xiāng)村和邊緣地帶富有活力和不可或缺的部分。

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ORIGINAL TEXTS IN ENGLISH

A Heritage-Based Approach toAdaptive Reuse：Reimagining the Old Grain Station inQinghua Town

Jennifer Wei Zhang

0 Introduction

Since the late-modern era， the intersectionof heritage with contemporary life has created anincreasingly distinct experience of being， working，and dwelling amid a mix of old and new. A resultof several factors， such as the shift towards postindustrialismand late-modern capitalism， this oftendeliberateencounter with physical traces of the past inthe present has become integral not only in the designof urban centres but also to the evolving characterof rural and Hinterland landscapes. Alongside theaccelerating pace of technological， socioeconomic，and environmental changes， these developments havefostered a sense of nostalgia and a heightened interestin preserving experiences， memories， and values atrisk of being lost in the current environment[1]. Thus，rather than a passive remnant of things from the past，heritage， both tangible and intangible， is increasinglyseen as an active process of assembling and curatingobjects， places， and practices that reflect presentdayvalues and aspirations. This positions heritageas a creative tool to open conversations， influencedecision-making， and address sociocultural， economic，and environmental concerns[2].

Paradoxically， the same forces that have sparkedgreater interest in heritage have also given rise tonew markets for its exhibition and consumption，effectively turning it into a valuable asset within theexperience economy. Among various fields， tourismwas one of the first industries to embrace heritageas this type of commodity[3]. As an increasinglywidespread instrument to boost local economies，tourism in China has become particularly focused inrural and Hinterland regions over the past decades[4].However， the growing number of cultural experiencesand opportunities for active participation in thesenew tourism destinations – often involving historicbuildings， sites， objects， and practices – has alsoled to issues of over-commercialisation and stagedexperiences， diminishing the historical integrity ofmany traditional villages and towns. To address thesechallenges， numerous scholars have highlightedthe need to emphasise the interest of local residentsand consider local attitudes towards heritage andcommercialisation alongside the cultural and socialcapital of places[5].

This project was completed as part of TsinghuaUniversity’s Rural Revitalisation Workstation， whichhas been conducting on-site investigations in variousnon-urban regions across China， exploring theirindustry， culture， ecology， and management. A centralcomponent of the Workstation is the establishment ofstudent research bases in suitable villages and towns，focusing on repurposing neglected and underutilisedstructures for educational， cultural， and communityuses. This approach highlights the importance ofexisting structures in providing richness and depthwithin the built environment， shifting the focus fromlarge-scale replacements to reimagining spaces torestore and continue their socioeconomic and culturalsignificance. Confronted with a typical Hinterlandsite in Jiangxi Province’s Wuyuan County， QinghuaTown is set between surrounding urban centres andtraditional Hui-style villages. Tucked away fromscenic tourist spots while rooted within the county’srich historical background， the challenge therefore layin finding a suitable approach to turn obsolescenceand constraints into opportunities and assets forsustainable and inclusive development.

1 Conceptual Framework

The concept of “heritage” has evolvedsignificantly over time. As national and globalheritage protection lists continue to grow， manyscholars argue that the predominant focus on the official representation and management of heritagetransfers ownership away from the public to “experts，”thus emphasising heritage as a professional activityand a relic of a past that is detached from everydaylife and localised contexts[5]. In response， there hasbeen a growing recognition of “ordinary” objectsand structures within the broader heritage discourse，challenging the traditional heritage preservationmodel that primarily focuses on monumental andaesthetically significant attributes. The term “ordinary”refers to structures and sites that may not possessoutstanding architectural or historical significance butnonetheless play a crucial role in the social fabric ofcommunities and collective memory at risk of fadingwithout intervention. Free from state-led conservationand protection efforts， these structures and sites arealso able to develop more organically alongside theirsocial， political， and environmental surroundings.

Th i s p r es ence o f h e r i tage wit h i n thecontemporary architectural discourse has been furtheraccentuated by shifts in societal values and urbandevelopment paradigms， emphasising sustainabledevelopment alongside cultural preservation.Industrial heritage， in particular， has become acritical aspect of this evolving narrative， withscholars advocating for a more critical examinationof traditional approaches through the intersection ofheritage conservation， architectural production， andurban development[6]. This is particularly relevantin many rural and Hinterland regions across China，where old industrial structures and sites， such asgrain stations， factories， and warehouses， havebeen abandoned and neglected since their originalfunctions became obsolete. As remnants of China’sindustrial era， these structures and sites offer valuableinsights into a brief but critical period of social andeconomic transitions that have shaped the country’scontemporary landscapes[7]. The protection of suchspaces， whether ordinary or monumental， thus requiresan active and creative process of working with theexisting. One that encompasses both preservationand adaptation to facilitate the continuation ofsocioeconomic， cultural， and urban narratives; thus，linking past and present elements.

Set in the context of Wuyuan County - locatedin the north-eastern part of Jiangxi Province andknown for some of the most well-preserved ancientHui-style buildings and villages in the country -the Old Grain Station in Qinghua Town serves as apoignant example of such an “ordinary” industrialheritage site. Once a central component in thecountry’s development of agriculture， grain storage，and state-managed grain distribution， grain stationsserved as a vital link between the state and thepeople， fostering direct interactions and ensuringfood security. In many regions， they became anintegral part of community life， holding greatsocioeconomic importance for both rural farmers andurban dwellers[8]. As China’s economy opened up andshifted towards market-driven reforms， the relevanceof grain stations gradually diminished， transforminginto faint echoes in the public consciousness againstthe backdrop of rapid modernisation. Nevertheless，the embedded narratives within these structures reflecta collective memory of resilience， adaptability， andformer social ties， while their once-central locationnow represents a paradoxical space， echoing a bygoneera yet remaining conspicuously present.

Amid the accelerating pace of change in thecurrent times， the protection and adaptive reuse of theOld Grain Station in Qinghua Town therefore not onlycontributes to sustainable urban-rural development，but is also crucial to maintaining a tangible connectionto the region’s socioeconomic history， fostering asense of continuity and identity within communities.Rather than serving as a limitation， the site’s lack ofimmediate architectural appeal presents an opportunityto creatively reimagine and revitalise its spaces，reintegrating them into the contemporary urbanfabric to ensure their relevance and functionality forpresent and future generations. However， with therising dominance of culture-led market consumptionand concerning homogenisation of adaptivereuse projects， there is a pressing need for a morenuanced approach; one that effectively balances thepreservation of valuable characteristics with economicand sociocultural development. Drawing insights fromboth theoretical and practical works – not limited toadaptive reuse， but also integrating broader industrialheritage discourses and studies into place attachmentsand memory -， the project therefore adopts a heritagebasedapproach to explore and understand the uniqueregional and social context of the Old Grain Station inQinghua Town to reflect and enrich the communitiesit serves.

2 Methodology

Based on the numerous restoration andadaptive reuse projects concerning heritage sites inrecent decades， it is evident that there are countlesspossibilities for engaging with existing buildingsand sites. The diversity in both theory and practicehighlights that there is no universal solution toheritage-based work. Instead， the challenge liesin finding the most suitable intervention for eachindividual project. This requires a specific frameworkthrough which to analyse heritage values andintrinsic qualities of a structure or site as a base forarchitectural interventions. By engaging with pasthistories， practices， and attachments， heritage acts asa mediator between what is existing and what shouldbe proposed. Thus， heritage-based approaches moveaway from being primarily inspired by predeterminedbuilding functions or the artistic intuition of thedesigner， and instead shift the focus towards exploringthe limitations and possibilities of heritage sites tocreate new functions for the future.

In contrast to the conventional emphasis onaesthetic attributes and historic authenticity intraditional heritage buildings， the essence of ordinaryindustrial heritage is predominantly embeddedin the narratives and histories of past industries，communities， and lifestyles. However， the very reasonscontributing to the abandonment of these structuresand sites also often pose significant challengesto the identification of their values. As former workers and users relocate due to economic shifts，these spaces are often left behind with barely anytangible connections and traceable memories. Thus，considering the prevalence of common architecturaland functional typologies among industrial structuresand sites， the general historical and social significanceof these typologies becomes an essential part of thebackground analysis. Such investigations， whilenecessitating certain generalisations， are crucial for anuanced understanding and assessment of their valueswithin the broader context of industrial heritage.

The absence of monumental values in theseordinary structures and sites also further highlights theimportance to consider the economic feasibility of newinterventions. On one hand， this involves navigatingpotential restrictions posed by financial resourcesand limited skill levels of local construction workers，while on the other hand， it also requires considerationsregarding the long-term economic viability of thesestructures and sites post-intervention. Without nationalor municipal conservation efforts， ordinary industrialheritage structures and sites offer more freedom inthe degree of intervention; thus， underscoring theimportance of a selective value assessment to ensureits continued or regained relevance and integrationinto the contemporary context.

3 Design Strategy and Framework forHeritage-Based Adaptive Reuse

The design strategy of this project is structuredinto three key segments： value assessment， macrointegration， and micro intervention. In the firstsegment， the strategy explores and evaluates presentdayheritage values and intrinsic qualities of the siteto provide a solid foundation for considerate designsolutions that foster social， economic， and culturaldevelopment. The subsequent distinction into macroand micro processes reflects the nature and scale ofindustrial heritage structures and sites. Historically，the strategic positioning of such spaces was designedto serve broader contexts， which often ranged fromvillage， town and city clusters to entire municipalities;thus， necessitating considerations of formerinfrastructural， historical， and social connections toensure their long-lasting reintegration into the widerurban and social fabric.

At the micro level， interventions focus onarchitectural regeneration， adaptation and expansion，emphasising the unique values of existing structureswhile at the same time addressing contemporaryspatial standards and needs. Instead of merelyretrofitting the existing for current uses， microinterventions introduce a contemporary layer thatreinstates the relevance and usability of spaces forthe future， including anticipating and accommodatinglater adaptations.

The design framework builds upon establishedheritage-based approaches and value definitions，synthesising different perspectives into a nuancedstructure for analysing and assessing ordinaryindustrial heritage. Intrinsic qualities of the site andits structures are dissected into seven site layers（Figure 1）， adopting Stewart Brand’s[9] terminology in his concept of “Shearing Layers” and expandingupon it. In the context of industrial heritage， whichtypically comprises entire complexes rather thanindividual stand-alone structures， Brand’s definitionof “Site” is broadened to differentiate between the“Surrounding” – encompassing the wider service areaof the industrial site – and the “Site” itself， whichrefers to the legally defined boundaries of the buildingcomplex. On the other hand， the layers of “Services”and “Stuff” are combined into one category asmany industrial elements， such as old machineries，theoretically fit both definitions. This new layer of“Services and Stuff” encompasses both fixed and nonfixedcomponents associated with previous industrialfunctions， including electrical and plumbing systems，as well as moveable machinery and equipment.Alongside Brand’s terminology， the framework alsoincorporates Paul Meurs’ definitions on the materialessence of the object， the spatial essence of thestructure， and the material essence of the narrative.The former two are integrated into the layers of “Site”，“Structure”， “Skin”， and “Space Plan”， highlightingthe necessity to investigate particular buildingcomponents as well as the overarching spatial logicbehind the architectural arrangements. The materialessence of the narrative is embedded within Kuipersand de Jonge’s definition of “Spirit of Place”[10]，capturing the intangible socioeconomic， cultural，and historic values inhered or associated with thestructures and site.

The subsequent evaluation of heritage valueswithin this framework involves a multi-valuedecision-making process， integrating value conceptsby Alois Riegl[11] and Paul Meurs . This processidentifies ten types of values， which are assessedon a scale from high to zero， indicating varyingdegrees of significance alongside different levelsof recommended interventions and considerations（Figure 2）. Visualised through a radar chart （Figure3）， this system facilitates a comparative analysis toinform decisions on preservation， partial or completedemolition of structures， buildings， and buildingelements. By selecting values pertinent to ordinaryindustrial heritage， this framework addresses thespecific nature of industrial structures， includingpragmatic design intentions and the limited resourceswith which they were typically constructed. Whileindustrial structures and sites typically lack artisticvalue due to their utilitarian nature， a relative artisticvalue may be attributed to specific components，reflecting a contemporary appreciation for theirunintended artistic qualities. Moreover， values，such as use value， context value， and communityvalue， often hold greater weight in the decisionmakingprocess to ensure the feasibility， viability andsustainability of intended interventions. Through thiscomparative analysis model， the design frameworkaccommodates both contradictory and complementaryvalues， highlighting the importance of understandingthe multifaceted nature of embedded values， andtheir critical role in fostering and continuing thesocial， cultural， and architectural narrative of ordinaryindustrial structures and sites.

Situated within the broader cultural andeconomic context of Wuyuan county， a comprehensiveregional analysis provides a general overview ofthe surrounding area. This outline includes primarydemographic groups – consisting of mainly elderlyand children – as well as unique architectural andurban features， such as the three carvings and narrowurban layouts， which combined with governmentincentives has boosted the county’s focus on ruraltourism in the past decades. Additionally， localcommunities still carry a strong sense of traditionalfolk culture and an emphasis on intangible culturalheritage with numerous inheritors actively practicingand teaching their craft. Building on this contextualbackground， the analysis of the Old Grain Stationemploys the multi-layered design framework fromabove， including the seven layers of surrounding，site， structure， skin， space plan， services and stuff，and spirit of place; each providing critical insightsinto the current state and historical significance ofthe site：

S u r r o u n d i n g ： T h i s l a y e r e x a m i n e s t h etransformation and current dynamics of the OldGrain Station and Qinghua Town， focusing on landuse changes （Figure 4）， urban morphology （Figure5）， accessibility （Figure 6）， landscape （Figure 7）， andlifestyle activities （Figure 8）. The town’s transitionfrom a commercial hub to a predominantly residentialarea has concentrated social activity primarily alongQinghua Road. This shift reveals significant changesin land use， which were accompanied by modernconstructions that adopt a contemporary interpretationof Hui-style architecture. While residential provisionsincreased， a notable shortage of public amenitieshighlights opportunities for integrating diverse publicprogrammes and linking the Old Grain Station withother industries to foster engagement from locals andvisitors alike; thus， revitalising its sociocultural andeconomic role.

Site： This section delves into the historicbackground of the Old Grain Station， exploring itshistorical context， spatial configurations （Figure9）， and current condition （Figure 10）. It evaluateshow the station’s historical operations and eventualrepurposing reflect broader shifts in Qinghua Town’seconomic landscape. The site’s limited accessand physical barriers （Figure 11）， such as closedboundaries and an unobtrusive entrance， hindervisibility and integration into the contemporary urbancontext. Reopening these boundaries and increasingbuilding volumes could therefore greatly enhance bothvisibility and accessibility， reintegrating the Old GrainStation with its surrounding community. Additionally，it is suggested to foster a more interactive andcommunity-focused environment by enhancing theconnections between indoor and outdoor spaces.

Structure： The analysis of the structure exploresthe structural integrity and composition of the OldGrain Station’s four main buildings （Figure 12 amp;13）， focusing on their reflection of local architecturalstyles and utilitarian building traditions. The designof Warehouse 2， and particularly its mezzaninecorridor， stands out through distinctive featuresthat differentiate the Old Grain Station from otherindustrial buildings of the same era. Both a practicaland structural element， the mezzanine corridor notonly showcases the local craftsmanship but alsorepresents a unique aspect of the site’s industrialheritage. Any potential extensions should thereforebe designed to be self-supporting to avoid additionalstress on the existing structures， ensuring the OldGrain Station’s historical integrity is maintained whileaccommodating contemporary uses.

Skin： This layer assesses the fa?ade patternand materiality of the individual structures （Figure14 amp;15）， emphasising how specific details andelements meet functional demands and operationalrequirements. Characterised by brick columns anduniform structural grids， the existing design showcasesa pragmatic solution tailored to the original buildingfunctions. These qualities play a crucial role in the overall structure of the buildings and contribute adistinctive aesthetic that could be highlighted in futureinterventions to enhance the site’s architectural appeal.The visible brick patterns， particularly on Warehouse2 and partially on Warehouse 3， present an opportunityto be better emphasised， integrating it as a key visualelement in the site’s redevelopment. Furthermore， anynew additions to the buildings should be designedto complement， rather than overshadow， the existingfacades to maintain the architectural integrity of theOld Grain Station.

Space Plan： This section involves the evaluationof the spatial composition and circulation （Figure 16）through the buildings and overall site， focusing inparticular on how the original structures supported thelogistics of grain storage and processing. Designed tooptimise operational flow and functional separation，the Old Grain Station now faces significant challengesin adapting for contemporary uses. Key modificationsare necessary to improve existing poor daylightconditions within the warehouses， particularly inWarehouse 1， where light entry is severely obstructedby adjacent buildings. Spatial adaptations in theother warehouse may also be required to improve theversatility of internal spaces in order to accommodatefuture functions. Moreover， reinstating the secondfloorcirculation along the mezzanine corridor couldfurther enhance the functionality of the spaces，especially in facilitating access and movementthroughout the buildings.

Services and Stuff： Exploring the utility andservice systems of the site （Figure 17）， this layerassesses the current state of these systems andtheir suitability for modern requirements. Theexisting utility services of the Old Grain Stationare rather basic and reflective of the time whenresource and financial constraints dictated simplersolutions. Today， these systems are inadequatefor contemporary needs， necessitating significantmodifications and additions to meet currentstandards. Additionally， the introduction of adedicated public restroom area would significantlyenhance the provision of public facilities withinQinghua Town， increasing the site’s accessibility andusability for the local community.

Spirit of Place： The final layer delves intothe intangible essence of the Old Grain Station，focusing on its historical significance and thespatial characteristics that embody memories andmeanings beyond its physical state （Figure 18）.Though no longer central to the daily activities inQinghua Town， the site’s historical and socioculturalvalues offer substantial opportunities to accentuatedistinct attributes. Emphasising elements such as themezzanine corridor， the large open floor plans， andthe notable height of the former storage spaces inthe redevelopment could spark curiosity about pastfunctions and circulations. Moreover， reimaginingand reinstating social activities within the site’s openspaces could reposition these areas as focal pointsfor community interaction and engagement， thusrediscovering the spirit of the Old Grain Station andintegrating it into the contemporary social landscapeof Qinghua Town.

4 Design

4.1 Value Assessment

Based on the above analysis， an assessment（Figure 19 amp; 20） for each main building at the OldGrain Station was conducted to determine strategiesfor their protection， adaptation， and reuse which aretailored to align with Qinghua Town’s evolving urbanlandscape （Figure 21）.

The old office building， identified as the mostdeteriorated structure， currently obstructs groundfloor circulation while offering minimal utility tothe site. The demolition of this structure wouldtherefore significantly improve connectivity acrossthe fragmented external spaces， enhancing integrationwith the surrounding urban fabric and opening upvaluable public space. Additionally， Warehouse 1，though mostly structurally sound， is suggested forreplacement due to its proximity to adjacent multistoreybuildings that result in poor daylight access andrestricted redevelopment possibilities.

In contrast， Warehouse 2 retains a high heritagevalue and structural integrity. Careful interventionsare advised to enhance the user experience andinteraction between the ground level and mezzaninecorridor， introducing access solutions that maintainthe building’s historical character while enhancingits functionality. Warehouse 3， with its large buildingfootprint， presents ample opportunities for creativeinterventions， allowing for the accommodation ofprogrammes that are otherwise difficult to implementin smaller spaces. Furthermore， the mezzaninecorridors in Warehouse 2 and 3 pose a unique designchallenge and opportunity regarding their utilisationand protection. Reimagining this feature could fosterdynamic new vertical movements and interactionswithin the buildings that respect both historicalsignificance and contemporary safety standards.

4.2 Macro Integration

Following the value assessment， the macrointegration of the Old Grain Station strategicallyreconnects the site with its broader urban and sociallandscape， redefining its role as a functional andrelevant space for diverse stakeholders. Buildingon the preceding regional analysis， a detailed studyof potential users and their needs identified keygroups including local residents， craftsmen， leisuretourists， and research groups - the latter of whichalso accommodates for the Rural RevitalisationWorkstation student groups. The site programme isstructured around three main components designedto foster social interaction， knowledge exchange，and cultural preservation： a dedicated public space，a research residency， and creative workshops. Theproposed spaces aim to address the lack of communalareas in Qinghua Town， provide educational andsocial interaction platforms for local craftsman andtourists， and offer research facilities that are deeplyintegrated with the local community.

Key interventions for the macro integrationfocus on enhancing the site’s layout and accessibility.Strategic demolitions of Warehouse 1， the old officebuilding， and ancillary structures are proposed toopen up the site to the southwest and northeast，thereby improving access and visual connections tothe surrounding area. Warehouse 2 is repurposed toaccommodate the main public functions， such as acafé， and creative workshop areas， positioning it asthe first point of contact for visitors and a centralhub of activity. Conversely， Warehouse 3 is adaptedinto a research accommodation， located towardsthe back to ensure privacy while maintainingfunctional connectivity with community spacesacross the site.

Equally critical are improvements to thesite’s ease of access （Figure 22 amp; 23）， includingthe relocation of the main entrance to the easternalleyway to increase visibility from Qinghua Roadand ensure better emergency access. A dedicatedparking area replaces Warehouse 1， which alongside additional provisions for electric motorbikes addressesthe town’s current lack of parking facilities for bothvisitors and local residents.

The massing strategy （Figure 24） responds toQinghua Town’s evolving urban context， which hasseen an increase in mid-rise buildings since the 1970sand 80s. While mostly maintaining the site’s low-riseprofile to preserve its original character， modest heightincreases are proposed in specific areas to enhancethe site’s urban presence and improve natural daylightconditions. A new canopy structure， intended toreplace Warehouse 1， along with a new constructionto the northwest of Warehouse 2， and a verticalexpansion of Warehouse 3 integrate the site morecohesively into the current urban landscape withoutcompromising its historical essence.

4.3 Micro Interventions

As the final step of the design strategy， themicro interventions focus on the architecturalimplementations within the macro strategies，introducing a contemporary spatial layer that enhancesthe public experience and extends the architectural，social， cultural， and economic narratives of the OldGrain Station.

Reimagined as a Creative Cultural Hub（Figure 25）， the design process involves theselective demolition， preservation， and integrationof new programmes through strategic architecturalinterventions （Figure 26）. Warehouses 2 and 3 arerepurposed into a Creative Workshop Café anda Research Residency， respectively， while a newCommunal Hall is proposed on the northeast side ofthe site， providing larger multipurpose spaces andpublic amenities to enhance the site’s functionalityand accessibility for both visitors and local residents.

The adaptive reuse of Warehouse 2 focuses onminimal disruptions to the existing structure （Figure27）. Adhering to more traditional building layouts，the internal interventions are arranged symmetrically，with two enclosed workshop spaces to the west andan open reception and café bar to the east. The centralspace intentionally avoids any permanent structuresto preserve the existing spatial experience as much aspossible （Figure 28）. Instead， an extension at the frontexpands the building to allow more daylight into theinterior space without major alterations to the facades.This extension also creates a new access point to themezzanine level， linking the former warehouse to thenew Communal Hall via an existing door openingon the west side of the building. Conversely， thedilapidated existing access point on the east side istransformed into a visual link looking into the space.

Warehouse 3 undergoes a more extensivetransformation （Figure 29） to accommodate necessaryliving and working facilities for small to mediumresearch groups. Maintaining the masonry walls withas few interventions as possible， the ground floorincorporates loft rooms at the back and common areasto the front and side， which can be used in conjunctionwith the other programmes of the site. The centralbrick columns are removed to maximise the use of thelarge existing space， a rarity in the context of WuyuanCounty. Replacing the original mezzanine corridor， acentral corridor on the upper floor re-establishes thecentral axis， providing additional bedroom facilitiesand multifunctional spaces to its left and right.

The only fully new structure of the site， theCommunal Hall （Figure 30）， primarily servesto accommodate wider and taller spaces that areotherwise difficult to accommodate in the existingwarehouses. A main objective of the building is theaddition of a public restroom area， addressing a gapin Qinghua Town’s provision of public amenities. Itsstrategic location along the adjacent alleyway allowsthe restrooms to be accessed both internally andexternally， thus ensuring its functionality independentfrom other areas of the Old Grain Station.

Structurally， the project introduces selfsupportingsteel frame systems across the site （Figure31） to maintain the original industrial character whilesimultaneously maximising structural flexibility forthe future. Particular attention is paid to the adaptationof existing structures， including considerations toretrofit thermal insulations， reinforce structuralelements， such as the original roof truss in Warehouse3， and insert new steel frames without damaging theexisting timber frames and brick walls. The repetitiveand pragmatic pattern of the existing facades iscontinued and complemented through the externalmateriality and composition of the architecturalinterventions. Based on previous studies on theexisting composition， the proposed fa?ade designincorporates materials like galvanised steel andvertical metal blades that echo the simplicity andproportionality of the existing walls， integrating thenew with the old by maintaining the visual rhythmof the structures （Figure 32）. However， sandwichedbetween the site and modern Hui-style architectureadjacent to the Old Grain Station， the new CommunalHall slightly deviates from this pattern， featuringa more vertical emphasis in its fa?ade division andadditional details， such as patterned window panelsand the use of recycled traditional door leaves toserve as a transition between the traditional andindustrial architectural language. While maintainingthe general choice of materiality， the Communal Hallis deliberately kept more lightweight to keep the focuson the solid masonry and steel structures.

While interventions on the internal spaces focusmore on the architectural and aesthetic aspects of theOld Grain Station， changes to the site’s open spacesemphasise its social and public role. By openingup the site borders and demolishing the old officebuilding， the external spaces merge into one largepublic area of different thresholds， transitioning froma large open square at the front （Figure 33） to more aprivate courtyard at the rear （Figure 34）. In between，a covered passageway （Figure 35） replaces the formerbuilding footprint of the old office building， allowingfor shade and cover during various weather conditions.Connected to the internal spaces through numerousexisting and proposed entrances， these public spacessupport a variety of community activities and largerevents that hope to draw in both locals and tourists.This adaptability is central to the long-term resilience，sustainability， and socioeconomic relevance of the OldGrain Station， fostering a dynamic environment thatcan evolve with the community’s needs.

5 Conclusion

Embracing a heritage-based approach toadaptive reuse highlights the transformative potentialof viewing the existing architectural fabric notas a constraint but as an opportunity for creativereinterpretation. This research into the Old GrainStation in Qinghua Town explores the intersection ofheritage conservation， architectural production， andurban development; exemplifying often-overlooked“ordinary” industrial heritage sites and addressingthe inherent challenges that come with theirredevelopment. Furthermore， it recognises industrialheritage not as mere relics of the past， but rather as anactive contributor to the contemporary social， cultural，and economic vitality of communities.

The approach adopted in this paper capturestheoretical findings and insights into a three-tiereddesign strategy; beginning with an initial value assessment that is built upon existing theoriesand tailored to the context of ordinary industrialheritage sites to inform subsequent macro and microlevelinterventions. At the macro level， the designstrategically reconnects the Old Grain Station to itsbroader urban and social contexts， not only improvingthe site’s physical accessibility but also redefiningits role within the local and regional landscape. Thesite itself is repositioned as a Creative Cultural Hub，accommodating diverse user groups and fosteringa flexible and multifunctional space for communityengagement and economic development. The microinterventions detail architectural solutions necessaryto adapt the existing structures to contemporary needswhile protecting， and in some cases accentuating，the site’s historical essence. In addition to a newlyconstructed Communal Hall， two existing warehousesare transformed into a Creative Workshop Café anda Research Residency， each tailored to enhance thepublic experience and inject new vitality into thesite. Beyond the mere physical transformation， theseinterventions aim to promote sustainable developmentby creating adaptable and versatile spaces to ensurethe long-term adaptability and relevance of the OldGrain Station.

The design framework used in this projecthighlights the importance of a multifaceted heritagebasedapproach to adaptive reuse that incorporatessocial， cultural and economic perspectives toprotect valuable attributes while at the same timeeffectively integrating them into dynamic and viablecontemporary spaces. Nonetheless， the outcomes ofthis research are not intended to provide a universalsolution to the redevelopment of ordinary industrialheritage sites， but rather aim to highlight their valueand inspire further exploration. It presents heritagebasedapproaches as a foundation for addressingsimilar challenges， encouraging the recognition ofboth monumental and ordinary industrial heritage aspivotal drivers for socioeconomic， cultural， and urbandevelopment. Future research is encouraged to buildupon this foundation in order to advance heritageprotection towards a more sustainable future. Onethat favours re-use， and advocates for inclusivity andcultural sensitivity; thus， ensuring that these ordinaryindustrial structures and sites remain a vibrant andintegral part of our urban， rural， and Hinterlandlandscapes.