廣東 陳麗芳

社會公益主題的讀后續(xù)寫主要講述志愿服務(wù)、幫助他人、傳遞善意的故事。故事中常見的地點包括學(xué)校、社區(qū)、孤兒院、收容所、敬老院、鄉(xiāng)村等，范圍比較廣泛。主人公在經(jīng)歷一系列事件之后通常會加強自己奉獻社會、幫助他人的愿望，或?qū)⑴c的公益活動產(chǎn)生新的感悟。本次讀后續(xù)寫之社會公益類專題將以一篇有關(guān)教育的主題演講為例，講述社會公益類敘事語篇的三個方面：發(fā)現(xiàn)苦難—伸出援手—解決問題。

主題微語境

公開演講是參與社會公益活動的一種重要形式，它不僅有助于提高人們的社會責(zé)任感，還能推動社會公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展。本文所選的演講稿以“教育”為主題，演講者通過講述自己的故事，表達了自己的教育夢想，并呼吁讓全世界每個人都享有平等的受教育的權(quán)利。這篇演講稿感情真摯，用詞樸素，言語誠懇堅定，具有很高的學(xué)習(xí)價值。

一、發(fā)現(xiàn)苦難

類型1：目睹不幸

In those days, not many villagers could read.那時候，沒有多少村民識字。

In poor countries and regions, the number of school dropouts is astonishing.在貧窮國家和地區(qū)，輟學(xué)人數(shù)驚人。

But women still account for over half of the world's poor in population and 60% of adults who can't read.但女性仍然占世界貧困人口的一半以上，占不識字成年人的60%。

類型2：心情沉重

As his daughter, I know what education means to the people, especially those without it.作為他的女兒，我知道教育對人們來說意味著什么，尤其是那些沒有受過教育的人。

類型3：下定決心

As a teacher, my commitment to education for all will never change.作為一名教師，我對普及教育的承諾永遠不會改變。

二、伸出援手

類型1：實地調(diào)研

I have visited many schools around the world.I've seen first-hand how much we can do for education.我參觀了世界各地的許多學(xué)校。我親眼看見了我們在教育方面可以做多少事情。

類型2：志愿服務(wù)

So my father opened a night school to teach them how to read.所以我父親開了一所夜校教他們識字。

I am following my father's footsteps to help continue China's success story.我正在追隨父親的腳步，幫助延續(xù)中國的成功故事。

類型3：呼吁關(guān)注

Education is about women and girls.It is important for girls to go to school because they will become their children's first teachers someday.Education is crucial in the addressing such inequalities.教育關(guān)乎婦女和女孩。女孩上學(xué)很重要，因為有一天她們會成為自己孩子的啟蒙老師。教育在解決這種不平等問題方面至關(guān)重要。

Education is about equality.In poor countries and regions, the number of school dropouts is astonishing.We call for more educational resources to these places.教育關(guān)乎平等。在貧窮國家和地區(qū)，輟學(xué)人數(shù)驚人。我們呼吁向這些地方提供更多的教育資源。

Education is about the young people.Young people are the future.Education is important because it not only gives young people knowledge and skills but also helps them become responsible citizens.教育關(guān)乎年輕人。年輕人是未來。教育很重要，因為它不僅給年輕人知識和技能，而且?guī)椭麄兂蔀樨撠?zé)任的公民。

三、解決問題

類型1：情況改善

With his help, many people learned to write their own names; with his help, many people learned to read newspapers for the first time; with his help, many women were able to teach their children how to read.在他的幫助下，許多人學(xué)會了寫自己的名字；在他的幫助下，許多人第一次學(xué)會看報紙；在他的幫助下，許多婦女能夠教她們的孩子如何閱讀。

After generations of hard work, China has come a long way in education.I myself am a beneficiary of that progress.經(jīng)過幾代人的努力，中國的教育事業(yè)取得了長足的進步。我本人就是這一進步的受益者。

In China, Spring Bud Education Program has helped over 3 million girls go back to school.Many of them have finished university education and they are doing well at work.在中國，春蕾教育計劃已幫助300 多萬女童重返校園。他們中的許多人已經(jīng)完成了大學(xué)教育，并在工作中表現(xiàn)出色。

類型2：收獲感悟

I am truly honored to do something for Global Education.我非常榮幸能為全球教育做點什么。

I was once asked about my Chinese dream.I said I hope all children, especially girls,can have access to good education.This is my Chinese dream.我曾經(jīng)被問到我的中國夢。我說我希望所有的孩子，尤其是女孩，都能接受良好的教育。這就是我的中國夢。

類型3：期待未來

Many years ago, my father made a small difference in his village.Together we can make a big difference in the world.許多年前，我父親在他的村子里做了一點小小的改變。我們可以一起改變世界。

I believe one day education first will no longer be a dream, but it will be a reality enjoyed by every young woman on this planet.我相信，總有一天，教育第一將不再是一個夢想，而將成為這個星球上每一位年輕女性共同享受的現(xiàn)實。

句式微練習(xí)

一、排比

英語中的排比，是指將兩個或者兩個以上意義相近、結(jié)構(gòu)相似、語氣相同的詞語或句子并列，以達到加強語勢的效果。進行排比的內(nèi)容可以呈遞進關(guān)系，也可以呈對比關(guān)系，在演講稿中使用排比修辭，能夠使行文有節(jié)奏感，朗朗上口，有極強的說服力，能增強文章的表達效果和氣勢。

（一）段落排比

Education is about women and girls.教育關(guān)乎婦女和女孩。

Education is about equality.教育關(guān)乎平等。

Education is about the young people.教育關(guān)乎年輕人。

連續(xù)三個段落以同樣的句式開頭，結(jié)構(gòu)上整齊勻稱，節(jié)奏明快，讀起來鏗鏘有力，氣勢磅礴，發(fā)人深省。

（二）句子排比

With his help, many people learned to write their own names; with his help, many people learned to read newspapers for the first time; with his help, many women were able to teach their children how to read.在他的幫助下，許多人學(xué)會了寫自己的名字；在他的幫助下，許多人第一次學(xué)會看報紙；在他的幫助下，許多婦女能夠教她們的孩子如何閱讀。

連續(xù)三個句子用“with his help”串聯(lián)起來，用排比來抒情，節(jié)奏和諧，層次遞進，顯得感情真摯洋溢、氣勢更為強烈。

在讀后續(xù)寫中使用排比，同樣能增強氣勢和情感。在續(xù)寫中，使用排比時需注意詞性、結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)的一致。不能將詞與句子并列，也不能將過去時與現(xiàn)在時并列。在讀后續(xù)寫中，常用排比的場景主要有兩種。

1.列舉相似事物/事件/場景

示例I missed my family, my home and my pony.Whether in class, at work, or at home, my mother was always busy.解析從家人到家再到小馬，逐步遞進，突出了主人公內(nèi)心對以前生活的懷念之情通過三個相似場景的變換，詳細闡述了媽媽很忙這一客觀事實

即學(xué)即練

（1）他為自己那天所想的、所說的、所做的感到羞愧。

___________________________________________

（2）整整那一周，波比似乎對她的晚飯、她最心愛的玩具和她日常的散步活動都失去了興趣。

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

2.展示一系列動作

示例Mac jumped off the bicycle, dashed into the car, and closed the door.Poppy ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and sprinted down the alley.解析在緊要關(guān)頭，作者使用三個連續(xù)動作，使得鏡頭慢下來，增強畫面感，同時凸顯緊張感跑過院子，跳過籬笆，沿著小巷狂奔，極具鏡頭感的三個動作呈現(xiàn)出狗狗活潑好動的一面

即學(xué)即練

（3）他計劃去遛狗，然后寫一封信，最后上床睡覺。

___________________________________________

（4）在我們?nèi)タ措娪爸?，我需要倒垃圾，回?fù)奶奶的郵件，做明天的午餐，還要給我的植物澆水。

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

二、with介詞短語

描述多個動作或場景時，用with 介詞短語或者with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，使描述更生動。

With his help, many people learned to write their own names.在他的幫助下，許多人學(xué)會了寫自己的名字。即學(xué)即練

（1）有那么多貧困的農(nóng)民等待幫助，這讓她產(chǎn)生了一種使命感。

___________________________________________

（2）凱瑟琳的臉通紅，聲音也興奮地顫抖起來。

___________________________________________

三、過去分詞作后置定語

讀后續(xù)寫的語篇中通常含有大量的動作描寫。為避免通篇都是只有一個謂語動詞的簡單句，非謂語動詞（主要包括doing/done/having done等）的使用就尤為重要。恰當(dāng)運用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可以有效整合零碎信息，使表達更加簡潔和緊湊，也使上下文的銜接流暢自然，給續(xù)寫文章增色。

I believe one day education first will no longer be a dream, but it will be a reality enjoyed by every young woman on this planet.我相信，總有一天，教育第一將不再是一個夢想，而將成為這個星球上每一位年輕女性共同享受的現(xiàn)實。

即學(xué)即練

（1）我突然忘了我口袋里只剩下10美元了。

___________________________________________

（2）一個包裹上的便條引起了我的注意。

___________________________________________

四、定語從句

定語從句可以豐富表達，使得語言更加流暢、自然。

But women still account for over half of the world's poor in population and 60% of adults who can't read.但女性仍然占世界貧困人口的一半以上，占不識字成年人的60%。

即學(xué)即練

（1）我記得有一年，日子過得很艱難。

___________________________________________

（2）苦難是幫助我們認(rèn)識和理解人生的老師。

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

情境微仿寫

The best day of Todd's life

Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school.1.___________________________(他成了大家嘲笑的對象), but there was little Todd could do.His mother simply couldn't afford to buy him new clothes.

Two of the kids laughing at Todd were Antwan Garrett and Kristopher Graham, a pair of freshman football players.But over time, 2.___________________________(他們意識到他們的話似乎傷害了托德).

3.“___________________________(我覺得我需要做點什么),” Graham says.So he and Garrett made a plan.They went home and hunted through their own drawers and closets.The next day at school, they met Todd at their third-period class and asked him to come into the hall.Todd was worried about being called out by the boys.

“He wasn't smiling, and I was like, ‘I think this is going to make you smile,’” Graham says.“I told him, ‘We're in the same third period, and 4.___________________________(我為之前嘲笑你而道歉).I want to give something to you to make up for it.’” He then handed Todd a bag.Inside were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of sneakers(運動鞋）.

5.__________________________(托 德 驚 呆 了).“I was very happy,” he says.“Shocked, completely.” And Todd got much more than a new wardrobe.6.__________________________(現(xiàn)在，他不再獨自一人吃午飯了).He eats with his new friends, Garrett and Graham.

Reflecting on the day Garrett and Graham called him into the hall, Todd called it the best day of his entire life.

語篇微演練

閱讀下列材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。注意續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

主題1 青年朋友們關(guān)愛老年人

A New Year project

It was four weeks before the New Year, and our youth group wanted to do something together as a New Year project for our community.The concept was great, but none of us had any idea what to do.

“Maybe we could have a food drive to help the homeless,” John suggested at our Sunday night meeting.“But we have done that many times,” answered Brian with a frown.Ten minutes passed with not a single proposal good enough to win our hearts.Finally, I decided to speak.“Why don't we think about our project for a few days and then come back with three or four suggestions we can vote on?” Everyone agreed to wait a week before we made a decision.

I knew time was running out to get something going before the New Year, but I still had no clue what we should do.During the following week, one idea after another ran through my mind, but I was still indecisive.

Thursday after school, I wandered into the kitchen as my dad prepared for dinner.Sensing my uneasiness, he asked what troubled me without even looking up.“Well...it...” I let out a long breath.“Our youth group wants to do something for the New Year, but we don't know what to do...” “Hmm.” My dad thought out loud.“There's a seniors' home I've worked with close to St.Joseph's Hospital.The residents don't get out much around the New Year with the snow and ice.It might be an idea to take them out to see the New Year lights around here.”

I stood still for a few moments thinking of all the spectacular (絢麗的) New Year light display in our neighborhood.To be honest, I never thought about that, but it might just work.

Paragraph 1:

Next Sunday evening,our youth group met.___________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

On New Year's Day,the bus we rented arrived at the seniors' home in the snow._______

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

主題2 陌生人的援助之手

A narrow escape

Michael lives in one of the most magical places in the world, Honolulu, Hawaii, which is known as an ideal vacation spot for most Americans.Michael gets to call this place home.There is only one problem—Michael doesn't have a regular dwelling (住所).Being a homeless man, he usually sleeps on the streets and beaches of Honolulu.

Michael has an interest in baseball, so he often takes advantage of the beautiful weather to play baseball.That's how he earns himself the nickname “Baseball Mike”.Many of his friends know where to find him—on the roof of the former Heald College parking garage.There, he practises his skills, in the hope of making it big one day.

Several days ago, when Michael was hitting some baseballs, he lost one in a narrow gap between the parking garage and a drug store next door.He kept on playing.After losing a total of six balls, he decided to go down to get them.The gap was so narrow that Michael wasn't sure whether he could fit.But realizing those baseballs were his only possessions,Michael finally made up his mind.The 55-year-old man made his way down the gap, but things quickly turned tricky.“I saw it was skinny at the bottom but I'm skinny, very skinny,” Michael said.Moments later, he let out an “uh oh”.The space was too small for him to fit, yet he kept going with his eyes on his baseballs.They were all he had.

As he went down a little lower and lower, he realized there was no way to go back.He had to wait for someone to rescue him.As he didn't have a cellphone, he had to shout as loudly as he could.However, there was no one answering him.Half an hour later, he felt extremely thirsty.He was exhausted and thought he could no longer hold on.Just as he was about to give up, he heard the sound of footsteps was approaching.

Paragraph 1:

A guard named Ray passed by and discovered Michael.__________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

The firefighters arrived at the site within minutes.______________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________