摘要:【目的】充分發(fā)揮含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料在改善澆注料施工性能方面的潛力,探究分散劑對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的作用機(jī)制及影響因素,旨在為澆注料中含鋯二氧化硅微粉原料和分散劑的選用提供依據(jù),優(yōu)化澆注料的綜合性能并降低成本?!痉椒ā坎捎昧髯儍x分別測(cè)試含三聚磷酸鈉(sodium tripolyphosphate,STPP)、六偏磷酸鈉(sodium hexameta?phosphate,SHMP)、FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別為0. 2%、0. 2%、0. 1%的含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性能;利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析方法,研究含鋯二氧化硅微粉特性與漿料流變參數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)性;結(jié)合Herschel-Bulkey模型,探究分散劑對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的影響?!窘Y(jié)果】在剪切速率為0. 13 s-1的情況下,漿料的pH和含鋯二氧化硅微粉的D50與含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的關(guān)聯(lián)度分別是0. 9753、0. 9427;添加3種分散劑后,漿料均呈現(xiàn)剪切變稀的特性,表明所選的3種分散劑對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性有改善效果?!窘Y(jié)論】漿料的流變性受漿料pH、含鋯二氧化硅微粉的D50粒徑及微粉粒徑分布和表面羥基含量的共同影響,這些因素不僅決定漿料的基本流變特性,而且對(duì)分散劑的效能發(fā)揮起著重要作用;添加離子型表面活性分散劑STPP、SHMP相對(duì)于FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑更有助于降低含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的黏度;粒徑分布范圍較寬和表面羥基更多的含鋯二氧化硅微粉在STPP作用下漿料的分散效果最好,pH略大的含鋯二氧化硅微粉因?qū)α姿岣奈绞艿揭种?,則需要添加SHMP才能獲得黏度最小的漿料。
關(guān)鍵詞:含鋯二氧化硅微粉;分散劑;流變性;灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析;Herschel-Bulkey模型中圖分類號(hào):TQ175.4;TB4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A引用格式:
覃慧清,夏雨峰,黃青,等. 含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性[J]. 中國(guó)粉體技術(shù),2024,30(6):119-129.
QIN Huiqing,XIA Yufeng,HUANG Qing,et al. Rheological properties of zirconia-containing micro silica slurries[J]. China Powder Science and Technology,2024,30(6):119?129.
澆注料等不定形耐火材料具有易于生產(chǎn)、施工簡(jiǎn)便、無(wú)需燒成、接縫較少等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在冶金窯爐等熱工設(shè)備應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯[1-2],然而,如何在施工過(guò)程中維持澆注料的優(yōu)良流動(dòng)性仍是一個(gè)核心挑戰(zhàn)。將少量膠體級(jí)別的超細(xì)粉末摻入至澆注料中,能有效降低漿料的表觀黏度,顯著改善澆注料的流動(dòng)性。二氧化硅微粉是冶煉硅或硅鐵的副產(chǎn)品,主要由細(xì)小的非晶態(tài)二氧化硅和其他氧化物組成,因具有微米級(jí)粒徑、活性高、球形結(jié)構(gòu)等特點(diǎn),能夠改善澆注料的流動(dòng)性,廣泛應(yīng)用于不定形耐火材料中[3-5]。含鋯二氧化硅微粉在鋯英石生產(chǎn)脫硅鋯時(shí)獲得,含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性優(yōu)于二氧化硅微粉漿料,同時(shí),微粉中的氧化鋯有助于促進(jìn)耐火材料固相反應(yīng)和燒結(jié),提高耐火材料的力學(xué)性能,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景[6-11]。在含鋯二氧化硅微粉中,氧化鋯納米顆粒會(huì)嵌入二氧化硅顆粒間隙形成團(tuán)聚體,并且二氧化硅顆粒表面的豐富羥基易于與漿料成分中的羧基和醚鍵相互作用,引發(fā)絮凝現(xiàn)象,這2個(gè)現(xiàn)象均會(huì)影響含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性,因此須選擇適宜種類的分散劑以改善含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變性[12-13]。
聚羧酸鹽分散劑的分子質(zhì)量和電荷密度較大且為短鏈結(jié)構(gòu),因此聚羧酸鹽分散劑具有空間位阻效應(yīng)和高效遷移性,并通過(guò)強(qiáng)化靜電排斥力有效提升了漿料的流變性[14]。六偏磷酸鈉(sodium hexametaphosphate,SHMP)與三聚磷酸鈉(sodium tripolyphosphate,STPP)分散劑則通過(guò)擴(kuò)大漿料中的雙電層來(lái)提升漿料流變性[15]。在特定高性能澆注料配方中,含鋯二氧化硅微粉為關(guān)鍵組分,為了確保澆注料呈現(xiàn)較好的流動(dòng)性并發(fā)揮含鋯二氧化硅微粉功能,必須均勻分散微粉漿料,因此,深入分析含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變行為,有助于于理解含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的分散效率以及優(yōu)化選擇分散劑。
本文中利用圓筒式同軸旋轉(zhuǎn)流變儀開(kāi)展實(shí)驗(yàn),研究含鋯二氧化硅微粉的物相組成、微觀形貌、粒徑分布以及可溶物含量、pH和Zeta電位等顆粒特性對(duì)漿料流變性的影響;利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析方法探討含鋯二氧化硅微粉特性與漿料流變參數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,用Herschel-Bulkey模型探究添加不同分散劑對(duì)漿料流變性的影響規(guī)律,旨在為澆注料中硅微粉原料和分散劑的選用提供依據(jù),更經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效地選擇含鋯二氧化硅微粉原料與分散劑,優(yōu)化澆注料的綜合性能與降低成本。
1材料與方法
1.1試劑材料和儀器設(shè)備
試劑材料:三聚磷酸鈉(純度(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),下同)為98%,上海麥克林生化科技股份有限公司),六偏磷酸鈉(純度為98%,上海麥克林生化科技股份有限公司),F(xiàn)S20型聚羧酸鹽(分析純,巴斯夫公司);含鋯二氧化硅微粉A、B、C(英格瓷電熔礦產(chǎn)(營(yíng)口)有限公司)。
3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉的化學(xué)成分如表1所示。微粉中主要成分是二氧化硅,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為92.76%~93.91%;其次是氧化鋯,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3.22%~3.90%。由于獲得含鋯二氧化硅微粉的冶煉原料和工藝的不同,因此微粉中還存在氧化鋁、氧化鎂和堿金屬氧化物等雜質(zhì)。
儀器設(shè)備:Bruker D8型X射線衍射儀(荷蘭帕納科公司);9900 series型X射線熒光光譜儀、Nicolet iS50型紅外光譜儀(Thermo Fisher Scientific-CN);TG18M型離心機(jī)(湖南平凡科技有限公司);Zeta Probe型電位儀、pH計(jì)(美國(guó)Colloidal Dynamics公司);JEM-2100型透射電子顯微鏡(捷歐路科貿(mào)有限公司);Mastersizer 2000G型激光粒徑分析儀(英國(guó)馬爾文儀器公司);MCR301型旋轉(zhuǎn)流變儀(安東帕股份有限公司)。
1.2含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的制備
參考王超等[6]對(duì)二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn),本實(shí)驗(yàn)中選取體積分?jǐn)?shù)為30%的含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料作為研究對(duì)象,并確定針對(duì)此漿料使用的3種分散劑(STPP、SHMP、FS20分散劑)的具體添加量。
稱量適量去離子水(電導(dǎo)率σ=0.2 μS/cm),將16 g的含鋯二氧化硅微粉A、B、C加入稱量好的去離子水中,使用磁力攪拌器攪拌3 min后,在不添加任何分散劑的情況下,對(duì)3類含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料SIF-A、SIF-B、SIF-C各自進(jìn)行3 min的超聲波處理,制備基礎(chǔ)參照漿料,分別標(biāo)示為SIF-A1、SIF-B1、SIF-C1。3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料分別添加3種分散劑后超聲分散3 min制成漿料。STPP摻量(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),下同)為0.2%的3種漿料標(biāo)示為SIF-A2、SIF-B2、SIF-C2;SHMP摻量為0.2%的3種漿料標(biāo)示為SIF-A3、SIF-B3、SIF-C3;FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑摻量為0. 1%的3種漿料標(biāo)示為SIF-A4、SIF-B4、SIF-C4。
分別在5 g的含鋯二氧化硅微粉A、B、C中加入500 mL去離子水,攪拌均勻,并靜置24 h后,取上層清液在離心機(jī)中以轉(zhuǎn)速10000 r/min處理5 min制成漿料SIF-A5、SIF-B5、SIF-C5后,測(cè)定3種漿料的pH。配制含鋯二氧化硅微粉質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的漿料,超聲分散9 min后制成漿料SIF-A6、SIF-B6、SIF-C6,測(cè)定3種漿料在不同pH下的Zeta電位,用NaOH溶液(濃度為1 mol/L)調(diào)節(jié)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的pH,設(shè)置攪拌速率為280 r/s。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1粉末特征
為了探究3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉中的二氧化鋯賦存狀態(tài),對(duì)3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉進(jìn)行X射線衍射分析(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和透射電鏡分析(transmission electron microscopy,TEM),結(jié)果如圖1和圖2所示。由圖1可知,3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉均存氧化鋯衍射峰,證實(shí)除非晶相以外存在氧化鋯晶體t-ZrO2和m-ZrO2。對(duì)比氧化鋯衍射峰的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度可得,含鋯二氧化硅微粉A中的m-ZrO2多于其他2個(gè)樣品。
圖2所示為3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉A、B、C的TEM圖像。由圖2(a)可見(jiàn),較大的球形顆粒周圍團(tuán)聚著小顆粒。由于晶化和密度的差異,因此可以觀察到黑色的氧化鋯小顆粒被包裹在球形大顆粒之中。從圖2(b)中清晰可見(jiàn)晶格條紋,這與XRD的結(jié)果一致,可判斷微小的晶體為氧化鋯,根據(jù)含鋯二氧化硅微粉A含有更多密度較小的單斜相,可知在含鋯二氧化硅微粉A中的氧化鋯晶粒數(shù)更多,這給表面羥基化和吸附提供了活性位點(diǎn)。相比之下,含鋯二氧化硅微粉B、C中的氧化鋯晶體尺寸略大,而且有凸出于大顆粒表面的晶粒,如圖2(d)、(f)。
表2所示為3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉的粒徑分析結(jié)果。由表可知,含鋯二氧化硅微粉A的中值粒徑D50大于微粉B、C的,而微粉B、C的粒徑參數(shù)D50、D75和D90更接近。含鋯二氧化硅微粉A的粒徑分布范圍的分級(jí)精度D75/D25是三者中最大的,說(shuō)明含鋯二氧化硅微粉A的粒徑分布較寬。
2.2含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的紅外光譜
為了探究3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉中特征官能團(tuán)的種類,對(duì)3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉進(jìn)行傅里葉紅外光譜分析,結(jié)果如圖3所示。由圖可知,波數(shù)為3435 cm-1處對(duì)應(yīng)為Si—OH和Zr—OH的反對(duì)稱伸縮振動(dòng)峰,波數(shù)為810 cm-1處對(duì)應(yīng)Si—OH的拉伸振動(dòng)峰,波數(shù)為1116 cm-1處對(duì)應(yīng)Si—O—Si的不對(duì)稱拉伸振動(dòng)峰,波數(shù)為477 cm-1處對(duì)應(yīng)的是Si—O—Si鍵的振動(dòng)峰,波數(shù)為1612 cm-1處為水分子的振動(dòng)吸收峰,波數(shù)為1579 cm-1歸屬于樣品表面羥基的吸附,波數(shù)為1353 cm-1處的吸收峰歸屬于配位水,波數(shù)為1364 cm-1則對(duì)應(yīng)與CO2反應(yīng)形成的甲酸鹽。由圖3可知,波數(shù)分別為810、1579 cm-1處,3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉的吸收峰強(qiáng)度依次遞減,表明3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉表面的羥基含量依次遞減。
2.3含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的pH和Zeta電位
漿料SIF-A5、SIF-B5、SIF-C5的pH分別為2.33、2.40、2.51。漿料Zeta電位影響漿料的分散程度,Zeta電位絕對(duì)值越大,代表漿料流變性越好,Zeta電位值會(huì)受到漿料pH的影響,而含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料中的可溶物種類及含量會(huì)改變漿料pH。
圖4所示為3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的Zeta電位隨pH的變化。由圖可知,3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料均呈電負(fù)性,且pH對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉的電位影響較大。這是因?yàn)殡S著pH增大,漿料中的H+濃度減小,堿金屬離子K+、Na+的濃度增大,堿金屬離子的正電性較大,導(dǎo)致Zeta電位絕對(duì)值增大,漿料流變性變好。當(dāng)pHgt;8時(shí),OH-離子濃度的上升會(huì)中和部分堿金屬陽(yáng)離子電性,使得Zeta電位變化緩慢。
2.4微粉特性對(duì)流變性的影響
為了進(jìn)一步探明含鋯二氧化硅微粉特性對(duì)流變性的影響,使用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析方法分析微粉特性對(duì)流變學(xué)參數(shù)的影響,表3所示為未添加分散劑的漿料流變學(xué)參數(shù)與含鋯二氧化硅微粉特性的關(guān)聯(lián)度。由表3可知,與流變學(xué)參數(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)度最大的粉末特性是漿料的pH和D50。漿料顆粒粒徑越大,pH越小,漿料的Zeta電位絕對(duì)值越大,漿料流動(dòng)性越好。含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料A的粒徑最大、pH最小,流變性最好。隨著剪切速率的增大,關(guān)聯(lián)度變小(ri≤0.85),這是因?yàn)榧羟兴俾试龃蠛?,微粉?nèi)部特性對(duì)漿料流變性的影響隨之減小。
圖5所示為未添加分散劑的3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉的切應(yīng)力和黏度。3種漿料黏度值均隨剪切速率的增大而減小,且都存在剪切變稀現(xiàn)象;同一剪切速率下,SIF-A1的切應(yīng)力和黏度均最小,流動(dòng)性最好;在同一剪切速率下,3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的黏度從大到小的排序是Bgt;Cgt;A。這是因?yàn)楹喍趸栉⒎跘顆粒中值粒徑D50較大,且粒徑分布較寬時(shí),本應(yīng)填充在孔隙中的自由水進(jìn)入到漿料中,導(dǎo)致漿料表觀黏度下降,從而改善了漿料的流變性。二氧化鋯在二氧化硅表面的吸附主要由范德華能主導(dǎo),隨著二氧化鋯吸附量的增大,范德華能也隨之變強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致顆粒間吸附能增大,在一定加水量的情況下漿料中的自由水含量更多,漿料的分散性更好[16]。
2.5分散劑對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的影響
流變性是指流體在外力作用下的變形和流動(dòng)。對(duì)于不同黏度的流體,施加的切應(yīng)力與剪切速率的關(guān)系也不同。圖6—8所示分別為添加不同分散劑后3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的切應(yīng)力與黏度。由圖可知,3種分散劑都起到了改善漿料流變性的作用,且STPP和SHMP的改善效果強(qiáng)于FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑。STPP對(duì)漿料SIF-A的流變性改善效果最好,SHMP則對(duì)漿料SIF-B和漿料SIF-C流變性的改善效果最好,這是因?yàn)镾TPP和SHMP均為離子型表面活性劑,在水中會(huì)發(fā)生部分電離并產(chǎn)生PO43-和P3O105-基團(tuán),陰離子被迫進(jìn)入吸附層,改變雙電層厚度,使Zeta電位絕對(duì)值增大,達(dá)到靜電穩(wěn)定。分散劑的陰離子在顆粒表面吸附也在一定程度上減少了顆粒間的碰撞,發(fā)揮了空間位阻的優(yōu)勢(shì)。FS20型聚羧酸分散劑具有梳型結(jié)構(gòu),分散效果取決于主鏈上陰離子在顆粒表面的吸附程度,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)空間位阻效應(yīng)的側(cè)鏈的長(zhǎng)度和數(shù)量[13]。漿料在一定的剪切速率下獲得切應(yīng)力后,漿料中顆粒間的微弱作用力被破壞,降低了FS20型聚羧酸分散劑高分子結(jié)構(gòu)的吸附作用,導(dǎo)致漿料的分散效果下降[17]。STPP溶液是弱酸強(qiáng)堿鹽,溶液呈堿性;SHMP在溶液中一般以HPO42-形式存在,溶液呈酸性。含鋯二氧化硅微粉粒子以氫鍵的方式吸附分散劑,漿料SIF-A中的表面活性基團(tuán)羥基含量更高,因此,漿料SIF-A的分散效果最好。
采用Herschel-Bulkley(H-B)模型對(duì)漿料SIF-A1、SIF-B1、SIF-C1、SIF-A2、SIF-B2、SIF-C2、SIF-A3、SIF-B3、SIF-C3、SIF-A4、SIF-B4、SIF-C4切應(yīng)力與剪切速率的關(guān)系進(jìn)行擬合,得到4種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的流變學(xué)參數(shù)如表4所示。流變指數(shù)n越接近1,說(shuō)明含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料在流變環(huán)境中的切應(yīng)力與剪切速率越接近線性函數(shù)關(guān)系,漿料越接近牛頓流體。由表4可見(jiàn),漿料SIF-A2、SIF-B2、SIF-C2、SIF-A3、SIF-B3、SIF-C3的H-B模型擬合n值大于漿料SIF-A1、SIF-B1、SIF-C1和漿料SIF-A4、SIF-B4、SIF-C4,表明添加STPP和SHMP的含鋯二氧化硅微粉的漿料更加接近于牛頓流體。
不添加分散劑和外加FS20型聚羧酸分散劑時(shí),3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料屈服應(yīng)力均為0;而添加STPP和SHMP分散劑后,3種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料均呈現(xiàn)較小的屈服應(yīng)力。漿料SIF-A2的稠度系數(shù)K在漿料SIF-A中是最小的,說(shuō)明分散劑STPP對(duì)A種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的改善效果最好。漿料SIF-B3和SIF-C3的稠度系數(shù)K在漿料SIF-B和SIF-C中是最小的,說(shuō)明分散劑SHMP對(duì)B種和C種含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的改善效果最好。這是因?yàn)樵诹姿岣淖饔孟?,含鋯二氧化硅微粉表面的羥基與水分子更加有效的作用,但是磷酸根的量要合適[18]。STPP的磷酸根含量比SHMP的低。對(duì)于表面羥基更多的A種含鋯二氧化硅微粉而言STPP是最佳的分散劑,而對(duì)于含表面羥基較少的B、C樣品而言,SHMP提供較多磷酸根才使得分散效果更好。另外,pH的增大也會(huì)抑制磷酸根的吸附[19],pH略大的含鋯二氧化硅微粉則需要添加磷酸根含量更多的SHMP才能獲得黏度最小的漿料。
3結(jié)論
1)含鋯二氧化硅微粉的微粉粒徑和表面羥基含量,對(duì)漿料的流變性和分散劑作用效果有重要影響。含鋯二氧化硅微粉中的氧化鋯顆粒吸附在氧化硅表面,或被包裹進(jìn)入氧化硅顆粒中,導(dǎo)致二氧化硅顆粒粒徑增大,漿料pH排序?yàn)锳lt;Blt;C。
2)利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析方法分析含鋯二氧化硅微粉特性對(duì)流變性的影響,漿料pH及漿料顆粒D50對(duì)流變性影響最大,顆粒粒徑越大、漿料pH越小,漿料流變性越好。
3)添加不同分散劑后,含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料黏度都隨剪切速率增加而減小,呈現(xiàn)剪切變稀的特性。添加分散劑STPP和SHMP使含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料在流變環(huán)境中的切應(yīng)力與剪切速率更接近線性函數(shù)關(guān)系,漿料更加接近于牛頓流體。離子型表面活性分散劑STPP和SHMP相對(duì)于FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑更有助于降低含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料的黏度,對(duì)含鋯二氧化硅微粉漿料流變性的改善效果好于FS20型聚羧酸鹽分散劑。粒徑分布范圍較寬和表面羥基更多的含鋯二氧化硅微粉在磷酸根含量更少的STPP作用下漿料的分散效果最好。pH略大的含鋯二氧化硅微粉對(duì)磷酸根的吸附受到抑制,則須要添加磷酸根含量更多的SHMP才能獲得黏度最小的漿料。
利益沖突聲明(Conflict of Interests)
所有作者聲明不存在利益沖突。
All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.
作者貢獻(xiàn)(Authors’Contributions)
覃慧清、夏雨峰、黃青、員文杰參與了實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。論文的寫(xiě)作和修改由覃慧清和員文杰完成。所有作者均閱讀并同意了最終稿件的提交。
The study was designed by QIN Huiqing,XIA Yufeng,HUANG Qing,and YUAN Wenjie. The manuscript was drafted and revised by QIN Huiqing and YUAN Wenjie. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.
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Rheological properties of zirconia-containing micro silica slurries
QIN Huiqinga,XIA Yufenga,HUANG Qinga,YUAN Wenjiea,b,c
a. State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,b. National-provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of High Temperature
Materials and Lining Technology,c. Joint International Research Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,Wuhan University of Science
and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China
Abstract
ObjectiveOwning to their advantages,including easy production,simple construction,no need for firing,and fewer joints thatcan lead to lower corrosion,monolithic refractories such as castable have replaced traditional shaped refractories in most applica?tion fields. The use of alarge amount of micro powders makes the dispersion of castable crucial for construction. Zirconia-containing micro silicas,a by-product of the desilication process in zirconium production,boasts enhanced dispersibility andfavorable rheological properties. These characteristics can reduce the required amount of dispersant,lower construction costs,and exhibit promising application potential. To fully utilize its potential to improve the construction and service performance ofcastable,the rheological properties of zirconia-containing micro silicas slurries were systematically investigated. The effects ofpowder characteristics and dispersant on their rheological properties were analyzed. The results can provide practical guidancefor the development and utilization of castable with zirconia-containing micro silicas.
MethodsIn this paper,three grade zirconia-containing micro silicas powders(SIF-A,B,C)produced by Imerys Fused Miner?als Yingkou Co. ,Ltd. were selected. The phase of zirconia in micro silicas was identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The microstructure of zirconia-containing microsilicas was observed using transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Functional groups of zirconiain micro silicas were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The particle sizedistribu?tion of micro silicas was tested by alaser particle size analyzer. A 5%mass fraction slurry was prepared and the Zeta potential of the solution was measured at different pH values. The rheology of zirconia-containing micro silicas micro powders slurries con?taining 0. 2%sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP),0. 2%sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP),and 0. 1%FS20-type polycarbox?ylate dispersant in mass fractions was measured using acylindrical coaxial rotational rheometer. The shear stress-shear rate rela?tionshipof zirconia-containingmicrosilicasslurries withdifferentdispersants was fitted using theHerschel-Bulkeymodel. Rheological parameters were investigated using gray correlation analysis combined with weighting analysis.
Results and DiscussionTetragonal zirconiain micro silicas was detected by XRD. It was observed that large spherical particles contained numerous smaller zirconia particles. The median particle size D50of micro silicas Aand the grading accuracy D75/D25 were the largest. All three saturated solutions of zirconia-containing micro silicas were strongly acidic,with pH values in the order Alt;Blt;C due to the high content of soluble acidic oxide P2O5in micro silicas. The absolute value of the Zeta potential of the slurries increased with the increase of pH in the acidic environment. According to the grey correlation analysis,the correlation between the pH of the slurry and the D50of the powders,and the rheological properties of the zirconia-containing micro silicas slurries at ashear rate of 0. 13 s-1were 0. 9753 and 0. 9427,respectively,consistent with the calculated values of the weight?ing. There was apositive correlation between the particle size of zirconia-containing micro silicas and the rheological properties of its slurries. With the addition of different dispersants,the zirconia-containing micro silicas slurries exhibited shear thinning characteristics. The addition of sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP)and sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP)dispersants brought the zirconia-containing micro silicas slurry close to Newtonian fluid. The improvement of slurry rheology by STPP and SHMP was greater than that of the polycarboxylate FS20. For micro silicas A,the dispersion effect of STPP was the highest. The most effective dispersant was SHMP for micro silicas Band C. This was because the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the zirconia-containing micro silicas interacted more effectively with water molecules under the action of proper amount of phosphate. The phosphate content of STPP was lower than that of SHMP. For micro silicas Awith more surface hydroxyls,STPP was the best dis?persant,whereas for samples Band Ccontaining fewer surface hydroxyls,SHMP provided more phosphate for better dispersion.
In addition,an increase in pH inhibited the adsorption of phosphate. Therefore,the phosphate dispersant was more significant for micro silicas A.
ConclusionThe zirconia particles are located on the surface of silica or encapsulated in larger silica particles. The saturated solutions of three selected zirconia-containing micro silicas for this study all exhibit strong acidity,with pH values Alt;Blt;C. In acidic environment,the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the slurry increases with the increase of pH value. The influence of the characteristics of zirconia-containing micro silicas on its rheological properties was analyzed using the grey correlation analysis method. The pH value of the slurry and the D50particle size have the greatest impact on its rheological properties. For larger micro silicas particles and lower pH values of the slurry,the rheological properties are better. Zirconia-containing micro silicas slurries with different dispersants exhibit shear thinning characteristics. The slurries are approximately Newtonian fluid when STPP and SHMP were added as dispersants. The effects of STPP and SHMP on their rheological properties are more signifi?cant than those of polycarboxylate superplasticizers. At acertain shear rate,weak intermolecular forces between particles in the slurry are disrupted,weakening the adsorption of polymer structures. Therefore,under shear force,the dispersion effect of ionic surfactants is stronger than that of polycarboxylate dispersants. Zirconia-containing micro silicas with alarger range of particle size distribution and more surface hydroxyl groups shows the best dispersion with STPP. Zirconia-containing micro silicas with slightly higher pH values requires the addition of SHMP to obtain slurries with minimized viscosity,as their adsorption of phos?phate is inhibited.
Keywords:zirconia-containingmicrosilica;dispersant;rheologicalproperty;greycorrelationanalysis;Herschel-Bulkey model
(責(zé)任編輯:趙雁)